muramidase and Leukocytosis

The discovery of cytosine arabinoside, and then the anthrocycline antibiotics, 6-thioguanine, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and other drugs, has added to the armamentarium of known effective agents. The use of combination chemotherapy, the recognition of the need during induction for virtual marrow aplasia to obtain a remission, and recognition of the predilection of the disease for the central nervous system requiring prophylaxis constitute major advances. The impediment to long-term survival is the lack of effective maintenance therapy.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Agranulocytosis; Antineoplastic Agents; Cells, Cultured; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Graft vs Host Reaction; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Infections; Leukemia; Leukocytosis; Male; Muramidase; Preleukemia; Thrombocytopenia; Uric Acid

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of renal tumor embolization on nonspecific immunity by evaluating lysozyme activity and leucocytosis in 45 patients and 40 healthy people. Lysozyme activity was assessed in the non-diluted serum (A1) and in the tenfold diluted serum (B1) prior to embolization and after embolization (A2, B2) and in control group. Prior to embolization, lysozyme activity was lower in the experimental group (A1 and B1), compared to the control groups, the differences being statistically significant (p < 0.05). After embolization, the activity became normalized (A2), reaching the control value and even exceeding it (C) in the diluted serum (B2). Leucocytosis prior to embolization (L1) resembled that of control group, increasing slightly after embolization (L2). The differences observed in the changes in lysozyme activity and leucocytosis were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Our findings indicate an inhibitory effect of the neoplastic process on nonspecific immunity. Embolization causes ischemic necrosis of tumor and products of neoplastic tissue disintegration exert a stimulating effect on granulopoiesis, by increasing the turnover of neutrophilic granulocytes. Granulocytic-monocytic infiltrations in tumor stroma are the source of lysozyme, enhancing not only local but also systemic immunity, which is manifested in the increased lysozyme activity in blood serum.

Topics: Adult; Embolization, Therapeutic; Female; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Leukocytosis; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase

An auxotrophic aroA mutant of the Aeromonas hydrophila AG2 strain is a live attenuated vaccine against A. hydrophila infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The protection conferred by the live attenuated vaccine against A. salmonicida strains is reported here, and several parameters of the specific and non-specific immune response in vaccinated trout were characterised. Vaccination with a dose of 10(7)cells/fish of the aroA mutant elicited significant protection against the Hooke and DK30 strains of A. salmonicida (relative percent survival RPS >60%). This cross-protection correlated moderately with the activation of the humoral and cellular specific immune responses, which show cross-reactivity against antigens shared by the two bacterial species, and a moderate increase in the lysozyme and antiprotease activities in the serum of vaccinated trout.

Topics: Aeromonas; Agglutination Tests; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Bacterial Vaccines; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fish Diseases; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Leukocytosis; Muramidase; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Protease Inhibitors; Vaccines, Attenuated

By means of the immunocytochemical method, the level of cytoplasmic lysozyme in leukocytes from healthy volunteers (n = 50) and from patients with uremia (n = 50), leukocytosis (n = 50), various forms of leukemia (n = 36) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (n = 7) were analysed, and compared with that of simultaneously assayed serum lysozyme. Both the cytoplasmic and serum levels of lysozyme in uremia and leukocytosis were significantly higher than normal subjects (p < 0.001). No correlation, however, was found between their cytoplasmic and serum levels of lysozyme. Morphological analysis for various kinds of leukemia and MDS indicated that myelocytic and monocytic cells became highly positive for lysozyme staining with maturation, and that lymphocytes, leukemic myeloblasts and monoblasts were negative. The cytoplasmic and serum lysozyme levels of leukemias or MDS having a number of lysozyme-positive cells were elevated as compared with those of normal individuals. Among them acute myelocytic leukemia (FAB M4) revealed an excellent correlation between the lysozyme levels in cytoplasm and in serum. The rest whose serum lysozyme level tend to be lower than the cytoplasmic one gave poor correlation. Thus, serum lysozyme level is not fully reflected by the cytoplasmic level. The dual determination of cytoplasmic and serum lysozyme is suggested to be helpful on estimating leukemia types, the degree of cellular maturation and total cell mass, and might also provide a valuable tool for prediction of prognosis for these disorders.

Topics: Cytoplasm; Humans; Leukemia; Leukocytes; Leukocytosis; Muramidase; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Uremia

Staphylococcal Panton-Valentine leukocidin has been purified and tested in mice for its biological properties. Applied even in high doses the leukocidin was not lethal. It caused however, disturbances in the peripheral blood occurring in several phases. First reaction after leukocidin injection was seen as marked granulocytosis persisting for 16-20 hours and accompanied by lymphopenia. At the same time, decrease in serum lysozyme activity and increase of intracellular digestion by mature granulocytes, was observed. In the second phase, these phenomena have reversed. 131I-labelled leukocidin has been used for the study of distribution of this toxin in the mouse. Accumulation of leukocidin in some tissues was observed. The leukocidin affected not only granulocytes but also other peripheral blood cells.

Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Cells; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Granulocytes; Leukocidins; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Leukocytosis; Leukopenia; Male; Mice; Mitotic Index; Muramidase; Staphylococcus aureus

Fifteen of 73 newly diagnosed patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), admitted to Mount Sinai Hospital between July 1977 and October 1979, presented with leukocyte counts greater than 100,000/microliter. Eleven of these 15 patients with hyperleukocytosis had myelomonocytic (AMML-M4) or monocytic (AMOL-M5) leukemia compared to 15 of 58 patients with lower white cell counts (p < 0.001). Identification of type of leukemia, using the FAB classification, was based on morphology and special stains, including myeloperoxidase, Sudan black B, periodic acid-Schiff and nonspecific esterase with and without inhibition by fluoride. The proportion of patients with splenomegaly is higher in those with hyperleukocytosis (73 percent) than in those with lower white blood cell counts (p < 0.001) regardless of cell type. Leukemic infiltration of the skin, gums and central nervous system was seen exclusively in patients with AMML and AMOL. The serum lysozyme levels were significantly higher for all patients with AMML and AMOL regardless of the white blood cell count. The mean serum lysozyme for M-4, M-5 patients was 59.7 microgram/ml compared to 18.9 microgram/ml in patients with other cell types (p < 0.0001). Patients with a white blood cell count less than or equal to 100,000/microliter had a complete remission rate of 69 percent compared to 47 percent for patients with higher white blood cell counts.

Topics: Humans; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytosis; Muramidase; Splenomegaly

Cationic lysosomal proteins such as cationic leukocyte antigen (CLA) and lysozyme were estimated in leukocyte lysates of acute and chronic leukaemics using quantitative enzymatic and immunoprecipitation techniques. The studies demonstrate that both lysosomal conponents are markers of non-lymphatic leukaemias. Therefore the determination of CLA and lysozyme is valuable for the differential diagnosis of acute leukaemias. The intracellular cationic protein contents showed characteristic kinetic variations as showing during X-irradiation of the spleen in cases of chronic myelocytic leukaemia. White cells in leukocytosis could be distinguished from normals by remarkably low cationic protein contents in leukocyte lysates. The results are interpreted in the light of current results revealed by immunofluorescent analyses.

Topics: Antigens; Blood Proteins; Cations; Diagnosis, Differential; Epitopes; Humans; Immunoelectrophoresis; Leukemia; Leukocytes; Leukocytosis; Muramidase

Topics: Arylsulfatases; Cell Adhesion; Complement C3; Complement System Proteins; Eosinophils; Glucuronidase; Humans; Leukocytosis; Muramidase; Phagocytosis; Sepharose; Sulfatases

A spontaneous oscillation of the white blood cell count was observed in a 58 year old man with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Similar cyclic variations were noted in the platelet and reticulocyte counts with no apparent alterations in marrow cellularity to account for such changes. Since direct correlation was noted between white blood cells, platelets, and reticulocyte counts versus spleen size, it suggests that splenic hemopoiesis may be responsible for these cyclic changes. A possible inverse relationship between colony-stimulating factor (CSF) activity and the white blood cell count was noted, suggesting that CSF may be the humoral agent controlling granulocyte production. A direct correlation between the white blood cell count and serum unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity (UBBC) and lysozyme was also noted and further supports the concept that the latter two are measures of the granulocyte pool and metabolism. An inverse relationship between CSF activity and the UBBC suggests that these may be two different entities. Finally a modified form of standard chemotherapy may be effective in inducing remission in cases of CML with marked cyclic leukocytosis-leukopenia.

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood Cell Count; Blood Platelets; Bone Marrow Examination; Colony-Stimulating Factors; Erythropoietin; Hemoglobins; Humans; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytosis; Leukopenia; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Periodicity; Reticulocytes; Spleen; Vitamin B 12

The electrophoretic mobility of serum lysozyme in 2 patients with raised enzyme levels was identical to that of gamma-globulins. Similar mobility was observed after incubation of lysozyme and normal serum. Incubation with one hypogammaglobulinemic serum showed that lysozyme could also acquire alpha2 mobility.

Topics: Agammaglobulinemia; Alpha-Globulins; Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytosis; Muramidase

The unsaturated vitamin B12-binding capacities of the 'large molecular size vitamin B12-binding protein' (LBP) and the 'small molecular size vitamin B12-binding protein' (SBP) were determined by a Sephadex G 150 gel filtration method in 9 patients with chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML), 5 patients with blast cell leukaemia and 12 patients with non-neoplastic leucocytosis. EDTA plasma and serum separated after 20 min and after 120 min were examined. In the 20 min EDTA plasma samples, the mean LBP value was 8,009 pg/ml in CML, 2,468 in blast leukaemia, 175 in non-neoplastic leucocytosis, and 57 in normal controls. The in vitro release of LBP into serum was much smaller in the leukaemias than in non-neoplastic leucocytosis. No correlation was found between the LBP values and the white blood cell counts or lysozyme values, but lysozyme was correlated to white cell count in CML. It is suggested that the plasma LBP levels reflect the fraction of LBP decay taking place at sites, e.g. the spleen, from which the released LBP can enter the circulation.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Carrier Proteins; Edetic Acid; Female; Granulocytes; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Leukocytosis; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Protein Binding; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Enzyme Repression; Female; Immunodiffusion; Injections, Intravenous; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Leukocytosis; Male; Monocytes; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Pyrogens; Rabbits; Time Factors

Topics: Aged; Eosinophilia; Eosinophils; Hepatomegaly; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Inclusion Bodies; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytosis; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Pelger-Huet Anomaly; Splenomegaly; Thrombocytosis; Uric Acid

Topics: Adolescent; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Survival; Child; Cytogenetics; Diseases in Twins; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytosis; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Periodicity

Topics: Adult; Anemia; Anemia, Sideroblastic; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemoid Reaction; Leukocytosis; Monocytes; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Polycythemia Vera; Primary Myelofibrosis

Topics: Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anemia; Autopsy; Bone Marrow Cells; Chromosomes; Humans; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytosis; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Neutrophils

Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Infectious; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Disease Models, Animal; Edema; Extremities; Leukocytosis; Male; Muramidase; Physical Exertion; Rats; Time Factors

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Proteins; Humans; Influenza, Human; Leukocytosis; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Neuraminic Acids; Serum Globulins

Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bacterial Vaccines; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Blood Glucose; Blood Protein Disorders; Child; Cholesterol; Complement System Proteins; Electrolytes; Eosinophils; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Leukocytosis; Lymphopenia; Muramidase; Neurologic Manifestations; Phagocytosis; Properdin; Thrombocytosis; Toxoids; Transferrin; Vaccination; Viral Vaccines

Topics: Humans; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytosis; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Peritonitis