muramidase and Leukemia--Hairy-Cell

Neoplastic cells from 13 cases of hairy cell leukemia were investigated for immunoglobulin production and lysozyme activity by an electron-immunoperoxidase technique. In 10 cases cytoplasmic immunoglobulins were found, but lysozyme activity was absent in all cases. Immunoglobulins were detected in the perinuclear space and endoplasmic reticulum and at the surface of hairy cells. Of the cases in which immunoglobulins were detected in hairy cells, nine were positive with IgM antiserum and one with IgG antiserum. The immunoglobulins were monoclonal in all cases; six were positive with lambda antiserum and three with kappa antiserum. The class and type of surface immunoglobulins were identical to those of cytoplasmic immunoglobulins in the hairy cells. These results support the conclusion that hairy cells are commonly derived from immunoglobulin-producing B cells at an earlier stage of differentiation than plasma cells.

Topics: B-Lymphocytes; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunoglobulin gamma-Chains; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains; Immunoglobulins; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; Concanavalin A; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Erythrocytes; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immunity, Innate; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Muramidase; Phytohemagglutinins; Pokeweed Mitogens; Skin Tests

Topics: Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Muramidase

Surface marker studies were performed on "hairy cells" from 7 patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL). Using sensitive analytic techniques including specific antisera and Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (FACS-1), further definition of the abnormal cell was achieved. Four different antisera were used in infestigating the cell surface characteristics of these patients: anti-p23,30, an antiserum reactive with B cells and a subset of monocytes, anti-311, which reacts only with T cells, pepsin digested anti-F(ab')2 which reacts with B cells only and pepsin digested anti-lysozyme reactive with monocytes and myeloid cells, but not with B or T cells. In all cases strong reactivity was observed with anti-p23,30 and anti-F(ab')2, but no reactivity with anti-311. Five out of the seven cases were reactive with anti-lysozyme in a pattern similar to normal monocytes. Furthermore, when cells were separated according to binding to anti-p23,30, anti-F(ab')2 and anti-lysozyme and in two cases, according to cell size, the majority of reactivity and large cells were "hairy" when examined under microscopy. In contrast, the small and nonreactive (dull cells) appeared as normal mature lymphocytes. Thus, our data supports the view that HCL cells bear in most cases B cell and monocytic membrane markers.

Topics: Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; Antilymphocyte Serum; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Membrane; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Monocytes; Muramidase; T-Lymphocytes

Intracytoplasmic lysozyme (muramidase) may be readily identified in paraffin sections of tissues fixed in formalin or Zenker's acetic acid and in smears of peripheral blood or bone marrow using an immunoperoxidase technique. Sites of intracellular lysozyme in normal human tissues and in various specimens from patients with myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders, hairy cell leukemia, granulomatous diseases, toxoplasmic lymphadenitis, and other pathologic processes were defined by this method. Intracellular lysozyme was demonstrated in mature and immature neutrophilic and eosinophilic myeloid cells, in monocytic cells, and in some types of histiocytes and had a limited distribution in normal tissues. The neoplastic cells of hairy cell leukemia were devoid of intracytoplasmic lysozyme. Identification of intracellular lysozyme, as determined by the immunoperoxidase technique, was compared with various cytochemical methods, particularly chloroacetate esterase and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase studies, for detection and characterization of myeloid cells, monocytes, and histiocytes.

Topics: Eosinophils; Esterases; Granuloma; Histiocytes; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Lymphadenitis; Monocytes; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Neoplasms; Neutrophils; Tissue Distribution; Toxoplasmosis