muramidase and Kidney-Neoplasms

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of renal tumor embolization on nonspecific immunity by evaluating lysozyme activity and leucocytosis in 45 patients and 40 healthy people. Lysozyme activity was assessed in the non-diluted serum (A1) and in the tenfold diluted serum (B1) prior to embolization and after embolization (A2, B2) and in control group. Prior to embolization, lysozyme activity was lower in the experimental group (A1 and B1), compared to the control groups, the differences being statistically significant (p < 0.05). After embolization, the activity became normalized (A2), reaching the control value and even exceeding it (C) in the diluted serum (B2). Leucocytosis prior to embolization (L1) resembled that of control group, increasing slightly after embolization (L2). The differences observed in the changes in lysozyme activity and leucocytosis were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Our findings indicate an inhibitory effect of the neoplastic process on nonspecific immunity. Embolization causes ischemic necrosis of tumor and products of neoplastic tissue disintegration exert a stimulating effect on granulopoiesis, by increasing the turnover of neutrophilic granulocytes. Granulocytic-monocytic infiltrations in tumor stroma are the source of lysozyme, enhancing not only local but also systemic immunity, which is manifested in the increased lysozyme activity in blood serum.

Topics: Adult; Embolization, Therapeutic; Female; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Leukocytosis; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase

Topics: Acute Disease; Azure Stains; Cytodiagnosis; Fatal Outcome; Hematuria; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Peroxidase; Staining and Labeling; Urine

Renal oncocytoma has several features that overlap with other renal neoplasms, including the eosinophilic subtype of chromophobe cell carcinoma. In fact, strict criteria for renal oncocytoma have not been well defined and remain a matter of controversy. Ultrastructural studies or sophisticated methods such as flow cytometry and cytogenetic techniques can be of great use in distinguishing the two tumors, but are difficult to propose as routine methods because of their limited availability.. To further characterize the histologic criteria of these tumors, we undertook a retrospective study to define the utility of routinely available histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques.. Twenty-one cases of chromophobe cell carcinoma, eosinophilic subtype, and 103 cases of oncocytoma were tested with histochemical (Perls, periodic acid-Schiff, and Hale's colloidal iron) and immunohistochemical (peanut agglutinin antigen and UEA-1 for lectins; cytokeratin KL1, epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, S100 protein, and lysozyme) staining.. The antibodies tested and the histochemical staining using Hale's colloidal iron allowed eosinophilic chromophobe cell carcinoma to be distinguished by its characteristic reaction pattern. Seventy-six percent of the chromophobe cell carcinomas showed a microvacuolated pattern, and 89% of the renal oncocytomas showed an apical positivity with Hale's colloidal iron staining (P < .01). Peripheral cell accentuation reactivity for cytokeratin KL1 was observed in 66% of the chromophobe cell carcinoma cases, and apical cytoplasmic positivity was observed in 37% of the renal oncocytoma cases (P = .01). Significant patterns were observed with anti-epithelial membrane antigen and anti-peanut agglutinin antigen antibodies (P = .05 and P = .01, respectively). Positive reactions for vimentin, S100 protein, lysozyme, and UEA-1 were not significant characteristics.. Our study demonstrated that a precise morphologic description associated with simple histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques provides sufficient criteria for a high level of discrimination between the eosinophilic subtype of chromophobe cell carcinoma and renal oncocytoma.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenoma, Oxyphilic; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Mucin-1; Muramidase; Retrospective Studies; S100 Proteins

Since recognition during the last decade that certain renal carcinogens can initially cause an accumulation of hyaline (protein) droplets in proximal tubules of male rats, it has become appropriate to establish whether this phenomenon of protein overload can also occur in rodent kidneys unrelated to chemical treatment. Kidney tissue from a number of selected rodent studies held in the National Toxicology Program (NTP) or Food and Drug Administration (FDA) archives were evaluated for hyaline droplet accumulation in proximal tubules. The survey concentrated on rats and mice of both sexes bearing hematopoietic tumors, as our preliminary observations had suggested this direction of study. The tissues of 101 Sprague-Dawley, 25 Osborne-Mendel, and 70 Fischer 344 rats and 96 B6C3F1 mice were examined. These animals provided an assortment of tumors including histiocytic sarcoma, lymphocytic lymphoma, mononuclear cell leukemia, and sarcoma. Hyaline droplet accumulation, primarily involving the P2 segment of proximal tubules, was diagnosed in 96% of rats with histiocytic sarcoma (74/77 cases in Sprague-Dawley, 17/18 in Osborne-Mendels, 7/7 in Fischers) and in 55% of B6C3F1 mice with histiocytic sarcoma (18/33 cases). There appeared to be a qualitative correlation between hyaline droplet accumulation and degree of tumor burden. Thus, in cases negative for hyaline droplets, the tumor was often confined to a single location, while increasing involvement of proximal segments beyond P2 occurred with more extensive multi-organ dissemination of the tumor. By immunohistochemistry on 11 cases of rat and 8 cases of mouse histiocytic sarcoma, the protein in hyaline droplets was identified as lysozyme, a known major secretory product of monocytes and macrophages. The hyaline droplets were negative for alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2u-globulin, rat or mouse immunoglobulin, and albumin. More sparsely scattered droplets and granules present in proximal tubules of Fischer rats with mononuclear cell leukemia were negative for lysozyme but positive for either iron or lipofuscin pigment. The study establishes a clear association between renal tubule hyaline droplet and lysozyme accumulation in rats and mice with histiocytic sarcoma. Hyaline droplets secondary to neoplasia should be distinguished from chemically-induced hyaline droplet nephropathy in the male rat involving alpha 2u-globulin.

Topics: Animals; Female; Hyalin; Immunohistochemistry; Iron; Kidney Neoplasms; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Lipofuscin; Male; Muramidase; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sarcoma, Experimental; Staining and Labeling

Sections of primary lung carcinomas, lung metastases, mesotheliomas, and lung metastases of some rare mesenchymal tumors were incubated with different cytokeratin (CK), vimentin, desmin, and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) antibodies and with antibodies reactive with different hormones (ACTH, PTH, alpha-HCG, Calcitonin CT), CEA, carcinoma-associated antigen (CA1), secretory component (SC), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha-1-AT), lysozyme (lyso), and S-100 protein (S 100). CK antibodies derived from a 49 kD (reactive with simple epithelia [SE]) and a 67 kD CK polypeptide fraction (reaction with complex epithelia [CE] were useful differentiation markers for the four major groups of lung carcinomas. In one half of small cell carcinomas a positive reaction with NSE antibodies was found. S 100 and SC were good markers for papillary and bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinomas, whereas CEA was less important because of its reactivity with different types of lung carcinomas. To discern clear cell carcinomas of lung and renal origin a positive reaction with vimentin antibodies (some renal but not lung types) and with CA1 (no renal but all lung types) seemed to be useful. All hormone antibodies were of no importance as markers for difficult differential diagnosis, because positive reactivities were found in cases from every major carcinoma group. In addition, a Ca2+-activated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) was found in mesotheliomas but not in papillary adenocarcinomas.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Differentiation; Desmin; Diagnosis, Differential; Histocytochemistry; Hormones; Humans; Immunologic Techniques; Keratins; Kidney Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Mesothelioma; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Peptides; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; Pleural Neoplasms; S100 Proteins; Secretory Component; Tissue Polypeptide Antigen; Vimentin

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Alkaline Phosphatase; alpha-Glucosidases; Aminopeptidases; beta-Galactosidase; beta-Glucosidase; CD13 Antigens; Clinical Enzyme Tests; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glucuronidase; Humans; Isoenzymes; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Neoplasms; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Muramidase; Syndrome

In theory it can be accepted today that the analysis of urinary enzymes has a certain diagnostic value; this enables the diagnosis and observation of kidney damage to be improved without any more drastic measures. Thus it should be possible to recognize new aspects of kidney diseases which cannot be recognized using other, intensive methods. In future urologists and nephrologists should strive to investigate the following problems, relying on adequate documentation of the respective state of the urorenal system: --induction of functional and lesional changes using diagnostic and therapeutic means--evaluation of the effects of medicaments on urinary enzymes--the response of urinary enzymes to infections of the urorenal system--the correlation between the functioning of a transplant and the enzyme pattern in the urine--the search for enzyme markers in patients with cancers of the urogenital tract. The analysis of urinary enzymes is not to be recommended as a method of searching for kidney disease today. Diagnosis through urinary enzymes should not be used as a rule. Our aim for the future should be to use automated biochemical methods with the aid of computer analysis and programming for studies on urinary enzymes.

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Enzymes; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glucuronidase; Graft Rejection; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Neoplasms; Kidney Transplantation; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Muramidase

The normal kidney of the frog Rana pipiens contains eight isozymes of lysozyme. Three of these, however, were not present in five Lucke renal adenocarcinomas. No isozymes were found to be unique to the tumor kidneys. Of the five isozymes detected in tumor kidneys, only one was uniformly present, a second was present in four of five tumors, and the appearance of the other three was highly variable, although no tumor kidney contained all of them. The uniform absence of the three isozymes and the variable distribution of the other five among the tumors attested to the metabolic uniqueness of this tumor and was consistent with a prior hypothesis concerning the role of lysozyme in the etiology of this herpesvirus-induced tumor.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Female; Herpesvirus 1, Ranid; Isoenzymes; Kidney; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Muramidase; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rana pipiens

Urinary and serum proteins were studied preoperatively in 48 patients with renal carcinoma, using an automated immunoprecipitin reaction. The 24 h excretion and the renal clearance of albumin, transferrin, haptoglobin, IgG, IgA, and IgM and the 24 h excretion of the immunoglobulin lambda and kappa free light chains and beta2-microglobulin were significantly increased compared with a control group. The excretion of lysozyme was also increased, but not significantly. Increased protein excretion was the most common urinary finding in patients with renal carcinoma. The protein excretion was predominantly of the glomerular type, implying a glomerular injury. The serum concentrations of albumin and transferrin were significantly decreased and the serum concentration of haptoglobin significantly increased in patients with stage III and IV tumours compared with patients with stage I and II tumours. Abnormal serum concentrations of albumin, transferrin, and haptoglobin were indicative for advanced renal carcinoma.

Topics: Aged; Albuminuria; beta 2-Microglobulin; Blood Proteins; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Haptoglobins; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains; Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains; Immunoglobulin Light Chains; Immunoglobulin M; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Proteinuria; Serum Albumin; Transferrin

Serum lysozyme activity was measured in groups of untreated patients with malignant melanoma, hyperneophroma and breast carcinoma. Significant elevation of serum levels of the enzyme was confined to patients with localized disease. In the presence of metastatic disease such elevation was not detected. The rise in serum lysozyme activity was not due to renal damage or any infective process and in the case of malignant melanoma was shown to be associated with infiltration of the tumour mass by macrophages. In vitro studies demonstrated that the macrophages resident in a tumour mass are responsible for relasing lysozyme in large amounts. It is proposed that the elevation of serum lysozyme in these cases may be an indicator of macrophage-mediated host resistance and that the measurement of macrophage products such as lysozyme in the extracellular fluid may under well defined conditions provide useful clinical information concerning host reactions.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adolescent; Adult; Breast Neoplasms; Cells, Cultured; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Macrophages; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis

Topics: Adenoma; Carcinoma; Creatinine; Dysgerminoma; Female; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Multiple Myeloma; Muramidase; Ovarian Neoplasms; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Penile Neoplasms; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms; Vaginal Neoplasms

Topics: Adult; Aged; Child; Creatinine; Electrophoresis, Paper; Female; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Neoplasms; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Proteinuria

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Antigens; Anura; Hibernation; Immunodiffusion; Immunoelectrophoresis; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney; Kidney Neoplasms; Muramidase; Oncogenic Viruses