muramidase and Keratitis

Topics: Chymotrypsin; Cornea; Corneal Transplantation; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Keratitis; Keratitis, Dendritic; Muramidase; Sulfonamides

Corneal suturing is a surgical procedure used in patients with corneal trauma or transplants. It was reported that endogenous neutrophils are brightly labelled in gene-targeted mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the control of the endogenous lysozyme M promoter (LysM-eGFP mice).. We applied intravital imaging methods to analyse in vivo the dynamics of LysM-positive granulocytes (neutrophils) in LysM-eGFP mice with corneal sutures and examined their role in the elicitation of neutrophil infiltration.. We found that in the presuturing state, neutrophils strongly positive for LysM were located in the periphery of the corneal stromal layer; none were present in the centre of the cornea. After introducing a corneal suture, neutrophils accumulated in limbal vessels and then migrated to the corneal side and the conjunctival side, suggesting that they derived from limbal vessels. Thereafter they accumulated towards the central corneal area, arriving at the suture about 7 h after its placement. Although corneal sutures may elicit the continuous infiltration of neutrophils, their number was markedly decreased by day 1 after suture removal and continued to decrease thereafter.. Our results showed that corneal sutures may elicit the continuous infiltration of neutrophils.

Topics: Animals; Cell Movement; Cornea; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Transfer Techniques; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Keratitis; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Sutures

To determine whether intolerance to contact lens wear is attributable to clinical or protein characteristics of the tear film.. Thirty-eight subjects participated; 20 were successful contact lens wearers and 18 had discontinued contact lens wear because of discomfort. Baseline tear film (no lens wear) was analyzed with a range of clinical measurements and protein analyses (lactoferrin, sIgA, and lysozyme). Comfort was determined after 6 hours of lens wear, and differences in tear film characteristics between subject groups were determined. In half of the subject group (n = 19), discriminant analysis was used to develop an equation for predicting the likelihood of intolerance to lens wear. Sensitivity and specificity were determined by testing the formula on the remaining subjects. These formulas were also tested on a separate group of subjects enrolled in a contact lens-wearing trial.. Tear volume (meniscus height and phenol red thread test) and tear stability (noninvasive tear break up time [NI-TBUT]) were significantly reduced in intolerant wearers (P < 0.05). A greater number of symptoms were reported by intolerant than by tolerant wearers (P < 0.05). Tolerance was associated with clinical but not protein characteristics of the tear film. Formulas best able to predict contact lens intolerance included NI-TBUT, number of symptoms experienced, and tear film meniscus height. Formulas had high sensitivity, and specificity which ranged from 29% to 57%.. Contact lens intolerance appears to be best predicted by a combination of clinical variables, including tear film stability, tear volume, and symptom reporting.

Topics: Adult; Conjunctivitis; Contact Lenses; Discriminant Analysis; Dry Eye Syndromes; Eye Proteins; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Keratitis; Lactoferrin; Male; Muramidase; Osmolar Concentration; Patient Satisfaction; Phenolsulfonphthalein; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tears

The mechanism of pathogenesis underlying the development of corneal lesions in measles was investigated in 125 children suffering from measles and 66 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Forty age-matched children with bronchopneumonia were investigated on similar lines to delineate the role played by vitamin A and measles individually in the development of corneal lesions. The results indicate that the pathogenesis of corneal lesions in measles is indeed multifactorial. Vitamin A deficiency alone or measles keratitis per se may not explain the mechanism completely. The immunosuppression induced by the local proliferation of the measles virus in the eye might trigger the invasion of pathogenic microbes which damage the cornea. The structural integrity of the cornea is already compromised by vitamin A deficiency and lesions of measles keratitis.

Topics: Bronchopneumonia; Child; Cornea; Corneal Diseases; Eye; Humans; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Keratitis; Measles; Muramidase; Tears; Vitamin A

A total of 54 cases of Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis (TSPK) were studied. In our series, women were significantly more affected than men. The median age of onset for women was younger than in men. The Schirmer values were much higher than in an age and sex matched control group, but the lysozyme concentration did not differ significantly in the affected and control group. Plasma cortisol levels were within the normal limits in TSPK for both sexes but significantly higher in the female group. The serum protein and protein fractions concentration were normal.

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Age Factors; Female; Humans; Keratitis; Male; Muramidase; Sex Factors; Tears

Topics: Conjunctivitis; Eye Diseases; Humans; Keratitis; Muramidase; Sjogren's Syndrome; Tears

Topics: Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic; Female; Humans; Keratitis; Male; Muramidase; Ophthalmic Solutions; Sjogren's Syndrome; Tears

We studied the lysozyme content of tears in 267 subjects (521 eyes), including 241 healthy subjects, 7 patients (14 eyes) with bilateral blepharitis, 8 patients (12 eyes) with conjunctivitis, and 11 patients (16 eyes) with keratitis. The concentration of lysozyme in the tears rises with age between childhood and maturity. The highest values were seen in the age group of 21-40 years, and a decrease of lysozyme concentration occurred with an increase in age from 30-40 years. The mean lysozyme content of tears was 1,768 micrograms/ml in healthy subjects; no significant differences occurred between the sexes. Patients with blepharitis, conjunctivitis, and keratitis had normal mean lysozyme content of tears. The tears of patients with herpes simplex keratitis had low lysozyme values.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Blepharitis; Child; Conjunctivitis; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Keratitis; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Tears

The major complications with extended wear lenses are due to hypoxia and lens deposits. Certain patients tend to deposit proteins and lipids on the lens surface with daily wear and at a greater frequency during prolonged wear. A build-up of these deposits can be associated with decreased vision, conjunctival irritation, and giant papillary conjunctivitis. Frequent lens cleaning and the frequent use of concomitant topical artificial tears will hopefully reduce the incidence of lens deposits and their complications. Superficial circumlimbal vascularization occurs in a large percentage of patients who have worn lenses for weeks at a time. Corneal edema, ocular irritation, and decreased vision are also the hallmarks of a decreased oxygen supply to the cornea. A thin-loose-fitting lens will increase the percentage of patients who are able to successfully use extended wear lenses by increasing the amount of oxygen available to the cornea. Cessation or reduction in duration of lens wear will decrease the frequency and severity of this complication. Conjunctival and corneal infections are real risks; lens loss, breakage, deformation, or discoloration also occur during extended wear.

Topics: Calcium; Conjunctivitis; Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic; Cornea; Eye Diseases; Humans; Hypoxia; Keratitis; Lipid Metabolism; Muramidase; Proteins; Refractive Errors; Time Factors

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Conjunctivitis; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Keratitis; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Phagocytosis; Sclera; Staphylococcal Infections; Uveitis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child, Preschool; Conjunctivitis; Female; Humans; Keratitis; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Ophthalmic Solutions

Topics: Biotin; Chlortetracycline; Dendrites; Humans; Idoxuridine; Keratitis; Keratitis, Dendritic; Keratitis, Herpetic; Muramidase; Pathology; Radiotherapy; Vitamin A

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Atropine; Conjunctivitis; Humans; Idoxuridine; Iodine; Keratitis; Keratitis, Dendritic; Keratoconjunctivitis; Muramidase; Therapeutics

Topics: Aqueous Humor; Cornea; Herpes Zoster; Herpesvirus 3, Human; Keratitis; Keratitis, Herpetic; Muramidase