muramidase and Ischemia

Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Antigens; Autoimmune Diseases; Colitis, Ulcerative; Entamoeba histolytica; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Intestinal Mucosa; Ischemia; Male; Milk; Muramidase

Laparoscopic live-donor nephrectomy has gained wide acceptance. However, the vast majority of surgeons perform left nephrectomies only, which may not always be in the best interest of the donor. Of 17 consecutive laparoscopic donor nephrectomies, 13 were done on the right side. The function of these grafts was compared with that of 17 kidneys previously procured by an open technique and with that of the four left laparoscopic grafts. Ischaemic damage was evaluated by post-operative nuclear scanning and urinary lysozyme, and graft function by creatinine and creatinine clearance. Results show that operating time was longer in the laparoscopic donors, but identical in right and left laparoscopic procurements. Ischaemic damage and function were similar, regardless of the side or the surgical technique. We can conclude that right laparoscopic donor nephrectomy is feasible and results in good graft function. Systematic harvesting from the left side may, therefore, not be justified.

Topics: Aged; Creatinine; Female; Humans; Ischemia; Kidney; Kidney Transplantation; Laparoscopy; Liver Circulation; Living Donors; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Nephrectomy; Time Factors; Tissue and Organ Harvesting

Ischemia triggers secretion of proteins from the intestine, including type II secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2). This "secretory event" was studied in intestinal grafts during the first few hours of preservation by measuring total protein, sPLA2, and other enzymes in the UW preservation solution over time. The effect of PX-13, a PLA2 inhibitor, was also studied.. Twenty-five centimeter intestinal grafts were harvested from Lewis rats, flushed, and preserved in UW solution +/- PX-13 at 4 degrees C. UW samples from 0 to 48 h (n = 5 each) were analyzed for total protein, sPLA2, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), N-acetylglucosamine (NAGA), and lysozyme. Nonpreserved grafts were homogenized in PBS as tissue controls. Standard biochemical methods were used for all assays.. Total protein increased rapidly by 5 min, continued to rise more slowly until 30 min, and then stabilized. The most significant increase in sPLA2 activity occurred between 90 and 180 min. NAGA increased most markedly between 30 and 180 min, while LDH increased in the first 30 min, although the level of both enzymes was negligible compared to tissue enzyme. Lysozyme levels were minimal at all times. PX-13 decreased sPLA2 activity markedly at all time points.. Total protein levels increased before sPLA2, suggesting that sPLA2 may be secreted in response to other proteins or enzymes released even earlier during preservation (e.g., cytokines). These elevations do not appear to be caused by cell death. Phospholipase A2 secretion may be blocked, and this may greatly improve the outcome of intestinal preservation.

Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Adenosine; Allopurinol; Animals; Cryopreservation; Glutathione; Insulin; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Ischemia; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Muramidase; Organ Preservation Solutions; Phospholipases A; Phospholipases A2; Proteins; Raffinose; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew

Topics: Aged; Arteriosclerosis Obliterans; Chronic Disease; Humans; Ischemia; Leg; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Muscles

Topics: Animals; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Creatinine; Dogs; Graft vs Host Reaction; Humans; Ischemia; Kidney; Kidney Transplantation; Kidney Tubules; Muramidase; Postoperative Complications; Spectrophotometry; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Dogs; Enzymes; Ischemia; Isoenzymes; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Function Tests; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Methods; Muramidase; Renal Artery Obstruction