muramidase and Influenza--Human

Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Influenza, Human; Liver Extracts; Moscow; Muramidase; Placebos; Protamines

Respiratory diseases are significant recurrent threats to global public health. Since the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, seasonal influenza viruses continue to cause epidemics around the world each year. More recently, the COVID-19 global pandemic conducted a public health crisis with more than 6 million deaths and it also severely affected the global economy. Due to the phenomenon that people get infection from objects carrying viruses, it has aroused people's attention to home disinfection. As there is no ideal existing common domestic disinfectant, new and safer antiviral disinfectants are urgently needed. Lysozyme is a natural antibacterial agent widespread in nature and widely used in healthcare and food industry because of is recognized safety. Recently, it has been shown that thermally denatured lysozyme has the ability to kill murine norovirus and hepatitis A virus. In our study, we also demonstrated that heat-denatured lysozyme (HDLz) had an antiviral effect against H1N1 influenza A virus, and we optimized its antiviral activities by testing different heating denaturation conditions, to generalize this property, using pseudotype virus neutralization assay, we found that HDLz can also inhibit the entry of H5N1, H5N6, and H7N1 avian influenza viruses as well as SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 particles in cell with IC50 at the ng/mL range. Finally, using western blot analysis, we provide evidence that HDLz polymerization correlates with antiviral effect, which may be a precious possible quality control test. Altogether, our data support HDLz as a powerful anti-respiratory virus disinfectant as a sole or additive of current disinfectants to reduce concentration of toxic component.

Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; COVID-19; Disinfectants; Hot Temperature; Humans; Influenza A virus; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype; Influenza A Virus, H7N1 Subtype; Influenza Pandemic, 1918-1919; Influenza, Human; Mice; Muramidase; SARS-CoV-2; Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Intranasal; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans; Influenza, Human; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Muramidase; Orthomyxoviridae; Otitis Media; Pneumococcal Infections; Streptococcus pneumoniae

CD4(+) T cells are central in mediating granuloma formation and limiting growth and dissemination of mycobacterial infections. To determine whether T cells responding to influenza infection can interact with T cells responding to Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infection and disrupt granuloma formation, we infected mice containing two monoclonal T cell populations specific for the model Ags pigeon cytochrome c (PCC) and hen egg lysozyme (HEL). These mice were chronically infected with PCC epitope-tagged BCG (PCC-BCG) and acutely infected with HEL epitope-tagged influenza virus (HEL-flu). In these mice, PCC-BCG infection is much more abundant in the liver than the lung, whereas HEL-flu infection is localized to the lung. We observe that both T cells have access to both inflammatory sites, but that PCC-specific T cells dominate the PCC-BCG inflammatory site in the liver, whereas HEL-specific T cells dominate the HEL-flu inflammatory site in the lung. Influenza infection, in the absence of an influenza-specific T cell response, is able to increase the activation state and IFN-gamma secretion of PCC-BCG-specific T cells in the granuloma. Activation of HEL-specific T cells allows them to secrete IFN-gamma and contribute to protection in the granuloma. Ultimately, infection with influenza has little effect on bacterial load, and bacteria do not disseminate. In summary, these data illustrate complex interactions between T cell responses to infectious agents that can affect effector responses to pathogens.

Topics: Animals; Antigens; Cell Communication; Chickens; Clone Cells; Columbidae; Cytochromes c; Granuloma; Humans; Immunity; Influenza, Human; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Muramidase; Mycobacterium bovis; T-Lymphocytes; Tuberculosis

To define the pattern of secretion production during influenza virus infection, 28 adult subjects were inoculated with influenza-A virus (H1N1) and cloistered for a period of 8 days. On each day, symptoms associated with virus infection were scored, nasal secretions were collected and nasal lavages were performed. Recovered lavage fluids were submitted for virus culture and assayed for proteins, histamine, and bradykinin. Twenty-one subjects were infected with influenza-A virus and had significant increases in daily secretion weights and symptom scores extending from day 2 to 7, post-inoculation. Plasma-derived proteins in the nasal lavage fluids showed an early increase to peak at day 4 and then decreased. Glandular proteins showed a later increase to peak at day 5. Bradykinin but not histamine was significantly elevated and tracked the changes in the glandular proteins. In contrast, a shallow increase in symptoms confined to day 2 post-inoculation, but no increase in daily secretion weights was documented in the seven uninfected subjects. There, an increase in plasma proteins was observed on days 1 and 2, but no change in glandular proteins was obvious. These results support a biphasic secretory response during influenza-virus infection with transudation dominating the early period and glandular secretions contributing later.

Topics: Adult; Blood Proteins; Bradykinin; Capillary Permeability; Female; Histamine; Humans; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Influenza A virus; Influenza, Human; Lactoferrin; Male; Muramidase; Nasal Lavage Fluid; Nasal Mucosa; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Viral; Antistreptolysin; Antitoxins; Humans; Influenza A virus; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Muramidase; Palatine Tonsil; Staphylococcus; Tonsillectomy; Tonsillitis; Vaccination

Topics: Adult; Complement System Proteins; Erythrocyte Count; Humans; Influenza, Human; Leukocyte Count; Muramidase; Mycoplasma Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections

Experience in the field of influenza (vaccination, chemical prevention, clinical pictures, treatment) during the period 1964-1974 is briefly described. The possibility that certain gastroenteric syndromes may suitably be labelled as"influenza" is examined. The usefulness of EAI antibody determination in "a posteriori" differential diagnosis of certain clinical forms, the assessment of the value of vaccination, and for mediocolegal purposes is asserted. It is suggested, in the light of personal experience, that vaccination with virus strains involved at the outset of an epidemic will only be useful where the antibody response to such strains is equal to more than 1:80. The chemical prevention of the disease is briefly examined,though the view that it is only effective in special cases is maintained.

Topics: Amantadine; gamma-Globulins; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Humans; Influenza, Human; Muramidase; Vaccination

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Culture Techniques; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; HeLa Cells; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Influenza, Human; Mice; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses; Respiratory Tract Infections; Respirovirus

Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Fever; Humans; Influenza, Human; Injections, Intravenous; Muramidase; Orthomyxoviridae; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Polymyxins; Rabbits; Semen; Sucrose; Viomycin; Vitamin A

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Proteins; Humans; Influenza, Human; Leukocytosis; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Neuraminic Acids; Serum Globulins

Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Influenza, Human; Liver Extracts; Moscow; Muramidase; Protamines

Topics: Folic Acid; Humans; Influenza, Human; Muramidase; Riboflavin; Siberia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Argentina; Coal Tar; Diagnosis, Differential; Epidemiology; Hand Strength; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Influenza, Human; Interferons; Muramidase; Therapeutics

Topics: Bronchitis; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Infant; Influenza, Human; Muramidase; Orthomyxoviridae; Orthomyxoviridae Infections; Rhinitis; Streptomycin; Tracheitis

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antiviral Agents; Dermatologic Agents; Humans; Influenza, Human; Muramidase