muramidase and Infant--Newborn--Diseases

Topics: Bacterial Infections; C-Reactive Protein; Complement System Proteins; Female; Fetomaternal Transfusion; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature; Leukocytes; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Muramidase; Phagocytosis; Pregnancy

Topics: Antibodies, Bacterial; Breast Feeding; Colostrum; Digestive System; Escherichia coli; Humans; Immunity; Immunoglobulin A; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infections; Lymphocytes; Milk Proteins; Milk, Human; Muramidase

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriuria; Blood; C-Reactive Protein; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Complement System Proteins; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Infant Care; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infection Control; Infections; Inflammation; Leukocyte Count; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Muramidase; Phagocytosis; Pregnancy; Sex Factors; Sterilization

Topics: Chronic Disease; Granuloma; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infections; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lymphadenitis; Lysosomes; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Peroxidases

In neonatal patients with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) the inflammatory response is mediated by a plurality of different proteins. The proteins olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) and lysozyme (LYZ) are part of the intestinal mucosal defense and especially OLFM4 has rarely been evaluated in neonatal gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze whether expression levels of both proteins of innate immunity, OLFM4 and lysozyme, were increased during NEC in neonates.. Intestinal tissues of patients with NEC were examined with immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections of resected tissue using antibodies against OLFM4 and lysozyme. Staining-positive tissues were semi-quantitatively scored from 0 (no staining), 1 (weak staining), 2 (moderate staining) to 3 (highly intense staining) by two individual investigators. Intestinal tissue of infants with volvulus was used as a control as other intestinal tissue without major inflammation was not available.. Both applied antibodies against OLFM4 showed different staining patterns with higher staining intensity of the antibody OLFM4 (D1E4M). OLFM4 (median score of the antibody OLFM4 (D1E4M): 3.0) and lysozyme (median score: 3.0) are highly expressed in intestinal and immune cells during NEC. Expression of OLFM4 and lysozyme in the control samples with volvulus was observable but significantly lower (median score of the antibody OLFM4 (D1E4M): 1.25; median score of the antibody against LYZ: 2.0; p = 0.033 and p = 0.037, respectively).. Both proteins, OLFM4 and lysozyme, may play a role in the pathogenesis of NEC in neonatal patients, but the exact mechanisms of OLFM4 and lysozyme function and their role in immunological responses have not yet been resolved in detail. These observations add new insights as basis for further large-scale population research.

Topics: Enterocolitis, Necrotizing; Fetal Diseases; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestinal Volvulus; Muramidase; Proteins

Samples of precolostrum (colostrum gravidarum), colostrum and mature milk obtained from five women during their antenatal and postnatal periods were measured for IgA, IgG, IgM, alpha-1-antitrypsin, lactoferrin, lysozyme, B1A globulin (C3) and B1E globulin (C4) by single radial immunodiffusion. Protein concentrations in precolostrum were equal to or greater than those found in colostrum obtained during the first 12-48 hours following delivery. Secretion of precolostrum is common, occurs early in the antenatal period and may often be of considerable volume. The anti-microbial proteins contained within this milk can be preserved intact by freezing. This represents an untapped pool of bacteriostatic proteins with specific activity against neonatal pathogens. We suggest that a potential protective effect against serious infection may be obtained by administering precolostrum to "at risk" infants during the first few days of life.

Topics: alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Colostrum; Complement C3; Complement C4; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature; Lactoferrin; Milk, Human; Muramidase; Pregnancy

Lysozyme levels were determined in serum and umbilical cord blood of 352 newborns and prematures. Levels in premature babies were found to be significantly lower than those of matures at the first day of life. A correlation was seen between the serum lysozyme and the birth weight of 219 mature newborns. In 14 premature babies with clinical signs of sepsis the concentrations of serum lysozyme were particularly decreased in cases of septicemia caused by gram-negative organisms. Serum levels of lysozyme in cord blood were significantly lower in 38 newborns with predisposition to septicemia (above all premature rupture of membranes greater than 24 hr.) comparing with healthy infants. The decreased serum levels of lysozyme in newborns with septicemia and the remarkable susceptibility of infections in male newborns are discussed.

Topics: Birth Weight; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature; Male; Muramidase; Pregnancy; Sepsis; Sex Factors

Using the method of Smolelis and Harstell, modified by Kopeć, lysozyme activity was assayed in parturient women in venous blood and fetal waters, and in healthy and infected newborns born in term or prematurely, in cord blood on the third and seventh days of life, and in cases of acquired infection on the third, seventh and 10th days of life. The assays showed statistically significant higher levels of lysozyme activity in cord blood and in later days of life in comparison with lysozyme activity in maternal venous blood and in fetal waters.

Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Muramidase

Topics: Communicable Diseases; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Meningitis; Muramidase; Otitis; Respiratory Tract Infections

There was no significant difference in the levels of factor XII between sick newborns and normal age-matched controls, although the levels of both groups were lower than normal older children. Detailed coagulation studies on 44 sick infants revealed 11 to have disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). In those with DIC, the mean Hageman factor was 20% and in those without DIC, 25% (P greater than 0.05). Rabbits given a constant infusion of lysozyme (which inhibits factor XII) showed laboratory evidence of endotoxin-induced DIC. The data suggest that neither reduced factor XII levels nor Hageman factor inhibition provided protection from DIC. The data further suggest that other coagulation pathways might be involved in order to elicit the DIC.

Topics: Animals; Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Tests; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Endotoxins; Factor XII; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Models, Biological; Muramidase; Rabbits; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn

Topics: Birth Weight; Female; Gestational Age; Hematopoiesis; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infections; Male; Muramidase; Phagocytosis

Topics: Acute Disease; Cellulitis; Chronic Disease; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Lymphadenitis; Muramidase; Osteomyelitis; Pneumonia, Staphylococcal; Staphylococcal Infections

Topics: Acute Disease; C-Reactive Protein; Complement System Proteins; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Muramidase; Pneumonia; Properdin

Topics: Age Factors; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Child; Child, Preschool; Complement System Proteins; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Muramidase; Pneumonia; Properdin; Respiratory Tract Infections

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Electrophoresis; Foot; Granuloma; Hand; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infections; Leukocytes; Lung; Lymph Nodes; Lymphadenitis; Macrophages; Male; Muramidase; Oxygen Consumption; Pedigree; Phagocytosis; Radiography; Serratia marcescens; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Tetrazolium Salts

Topics: Complement System Proteins; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Muramidase; Phagocytosis

Topics: Argentina; Coal Tar; Diagnosis, Differential; Epidemiology; Hand Strength; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Influenza, Human; Interferons; Muramidase; Therapeutics