muramidase and Immunologic-Deficiency-Syndromes

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Humans; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Muramidase; Phagocytosis

Topics: Dysgammaglobulinemia; Humans; IgA Deficiency; IgG Deficiency; Immunoglobulin M; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Lung; Lung Diseases; Lymphopenia; Muramidase; T-Lymphocytes

Phagocytosis begins with exocytosis--"extrarapid" discharge of bactericidal proteins and factors of permeability into the extracellular medium. A viewpoint was put forward on an "avalanch-like" character of the outcome of cationic proteins from leukocyte granules in inflammation and their participation in formation of a nonphagocytic type of resistance. In phagocytosis bacteria perish due to the myeloperoxidase system, lysozyme, lactoferin and nonenzymic cationic proteins. Hereditary deficit of the above-mentioned substances leads to intraleukocytic microbicidal insufficiency, a drastic decrease in the nonspecific resistance of the organism and to development of fatal granulomatous disease, and to other forms of pathology associated with genetic defects of the bactericidal systems of leukocytes.

Topics: Blood Bactericidal Activity; Blood Proteins; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cytoplasmic Granules; Exocytosis; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Histones; Humans; Immunity; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Inflammation; Lactoferrin; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Peroxidase; Phagocytosis

Topics: Agammaglobulinemia; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Chemotaxis; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunoglobulin E; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Infections; Job Syndrome; Lactoferrin; Leukocytes; Male; Muramidase; Opsonin Proteins; Peroxidase; Phagocytes; Phagocytosis; Staphylococcus

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Agranulocytosis; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Chediak-Higashi Syndrome; Chemotaxis; Child, Preschool; Complement System Proteins; Cytoplasmic Granules; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Humans; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Leukocytes; Liver; Lysosomes; Macrophages; Male; Monocytes; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Muramidase; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Neutrophils; Opsonin Proteins; Peroxidases; Phagocyte Bactericidal Dysfunction; Phagocytosis; Spleen

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Antibody Formation; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Child, Preschool; Complement System Proteins; Female; Fetus; Humans; Immunity; Immunity, Cellular; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin D; Immunoglobulin E; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Immunoglobulins; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Interferons; Lymphoid Tissue; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Muramidase; Phagocytosis; Pregnancy; Species Specificity; Thymectomy

Topics: Animals; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacteriolysis; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Cattle; Cell Wall; Complement System Proteins; Drug Synergism; Humans; Immunization; Immunoglobulin M; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Kinetics; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Peptidoglycan; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Rabbits; Spheroplasts

Motheaten viable (mev) mice are deficient in the cytosolic protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTP1C, and exhibit severe B cell immunodeficiency and autoantibody production. The role of PTP1C in B cell selection and function was analyzed by breeding immunoglobulin transgenes specific for a defined antigen, hen egg lysozyme, into mev mice. Antigen triggered a greater and more rapid elevation of intracellular calcium in PTP1C-deficient B cells, indicating that this phosphatase negatively regulates immunoglobulin signaling. Elimination of self-reactive B cells carrying this signal-enhancing mutation was triggered during their development by binding a lower valency form of self-antigen than is normally required. These findings establish that activation of distinct repertoire-censoring mechanisms depends on quantitative differences in antigen receptor signaling, whose thresholds are determined by negative regulation through PTP1C.

Topics: Animals; Antibody Diversity; Antigens; B-Lymphocyte Subsets; Bone Marrow; Calcium; Immunoglobulin D; Immunoglobulin M; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Lymphocyte Activation; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Mutant Strains; Mice, Transgenic; Muramidase; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Radiation Chimera; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Self Tolerance; Signal Transduction

Course of the disease and some indices of immunity were studied in 100 children with Sonne's and Flexner's dysentery. Parameters of immunity in 32 children (the 1st group) were normal. 68 patients (the 2-nd group) had secondary immune deficiency and leukopenia. Recovery of immunodeficient children in use of antibiotics and prodigiosan was slowed down by 5.2 days as compared to that of children without immunodeficiency. Antibiotics used in combination with lysozyme in patients of the 1st group resulted in restoration of immunological reactivity and recovery in usual terms.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dysentery, Bacillary; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Infant; Leukopenia; Muramidase; Shigella flexneri; Shigella sonnei; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Agammaglobulinemia; Biomarkers; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Epithelium; Female; Fibroblasts; Granuloma; Humans; Hypersplenism; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Macrophages; Muramidase; Organ Size; Spleen; Splenectomy; Splenic Diseases

Experiments on noninbred white mice have revealed that in the animals infected with S. moscow secondary immunodeficiency develops, which is manifested by a significant decrease in the activity of the bactericidal system of peripheral blood granular leukocytes. Simultaneously, the content of myeloperoxidase in the blood neutrophils of infected mice decreases 1.4 times and the content of lysozyme in these neutrophils decreases 2 times. Such changes are the consequence of an increase in the secretory activity of cells, occurring in the process of the development of Salmonella infection.

Topics: Animals; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Mice; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Peroxidase; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Time Factors

With a view of the pathogenesis of chronic bronchopulmonary diseases the interrelations between infections and evolving defense system are of interest, they are perhaps detectable by means of diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage. We carried out cytodifferentiation, investigated adenosine deaminase activities and interleukin 1 formation of macrophages, determined immunoglobulin concentrations (secretory IgA), lysozyme, alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, albumin. Because the cytodifferentiation yields insight into topical inflammatory reactions, shows diagnostic useful informations in single cases and because it is simple to carry out we can recommend it for each bronchological examination. There were no results specific for any disease group for parameters mentioned above.

Topics: Adenosine Deaminase; Adolescent; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Infant; Interleukin-1; Leukocyte Count; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Macrophages; Male; Muramidase; Respiratory Tract Infections; Serum Albumin

An immunoblotting technique was developed to detect human lysozyme and lysozyme complexes in body fluids. The unoccupied binding capacity of proteins was demonstrated by addition of surplus lysozyme. The sensitivity of immunoblotting to the free enzyme in human albumin solution was less than 5 ng. In serum and pleural fluid, part of exogenous lysozyme was bound to alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-M). At high concentrations of lysozyme in leukemic sera, part of the enzyme formed an endogenous alpha 2-M complex. On the other hand, the formation of alpha 2-M complexes with exogenous lysozyme was especially striking in sera from nephrotic patients with elevated alpha 2-M. The findings corroborate with previous reports on lysozyme binding to purified alpha 2-M in vitro and suggest that the binding is concentration-dependent with respect to both reaction partners. In vivo the mechanism may provide a pathway for extrarenal lysozyme catabolism medicated by reticuloendothelial cells. No other binding proteins were seen in the present study: lysozyme did not bind to serum immunoglobulins in 35 samples with an immunoglobulin paraprotein, three samples with polyclonally elevated gamma-globulins, 20 other patient sera and 10 normal sera. Neither did lysozyme bind to urinary proteins in five samples from patients with myeloic leukemias nor in 10 samples from myeloma patients with urinary excretion of a monoclonal immunoglobulin light chain.

Topics: alpha-Macroglobulins; Humans; Immunoblotting; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Leukemia, Myeloid; Muramidase; Nephrosis; Pleura; Pleurisy

C57BL/10 mice exhibit major histocompatibility complex linked nonresponsiveness to hen egg white lysozyme (HEL). When these animals are primed with HEL in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), their secondary splenic plaque forming cell responses to aqueous HEL challenge are minimal to nonexistent. This notwithstanding, we show here that concomitant priming with both HEL and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) leads to an enhanced response to the HEL component following secondary challenge with an HEL-KLH conjugate. This enhancing effect can be transferred by nylon wool nonadherent spleen cells from HEL/FCA primed animals. Adoptive transfer studies with fractionated spleen cell populations suggest also that B cells are primed in these animals. Thus, animals which are incapable of mounting a secondary response to this antigen nevertheless appear to be primed at both the T-cell and B-cell levels following exposure to the antigen in FCA. The implications of this finding are discussed.

Topics: Animals; B-Lymphocytes; Freund's Adjuvant; Hemocyanins; Immunization; Immunization, Passive; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Immunologic Memory; Lymphocyte Cooperation; Mice; Mice, Inbred A; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Mutant Strains; Muramidase; Spleen; T-Lymphocytes; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer

The response of CBA/N mice to the lysozyme component of a lysozyme-LPS complex has been assessed. Primary responsiveness, memory induction and enhancement of the primary response by an allogeneic effect have been studied. Based on comparison with normal mice, only the primary response to the complex was affected by the xid trait. The observed defect was partially abrogated by an allogeneic effect.

Topics: Animals; Epitopes; Female; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred Strains; Muramidase; Spleen; Transplantation, Homologous

Polymorphonuclear (PMN) functions were assessed in 93 non-selected hospitalized patients, 32 active, healthy, elderly controls and 29 young controls. The results confirm the impairment of PMN functions in the aged. However, PMN functions in hospitalized older persons are similar to those in non-institutionalized controls, and underlying diseases and treatment do not seem to aggravate the PMN impairment. Thus, it can be assumed that the frequent and severe infections afflicting the hospitalized aged are due to the alteration of the other host-defense mechanisms.

Topics: Aged; Cell Adhesion; Cell Movement; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Disease Susceptibility; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Nitroblue Tetrazolium; Phagocytosis

The authors have studied the significance of factors of the humoral non-specific defense (HND) in 37 patients with cicatricial constrictions of the oesophagus and stomach. The data obtained were used for choosing the optimum terms for gastrostoma and oesophagoplasty. In 14 patients treatment with lysozyme was performed due to decreased indices of HND.

Topics: Burns, Chemical; Complement System Proteins; Esophageal Stenosis; Humans; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Muramidase

Experiments on rabbits demonstrated that local electrocoagulation of the dorsal hyppocampus portions by means of the implanted electrodes caused reduction of the complementary and lysozyme activity of the blood serum, inhibited the development of Arthus' skin allergic-reaction, decreased the intensity of systemic anaphylaxis to the blood serum antigens, this being accompanied by a relative fall of the precipitating antibodies titres and a reduction of the vagus response of the heart to adrenaline.

Topics: Animals; Arthus Reaction; Brain Damage, Chronic; Complement System Proteins; Hippocampus; Hypersensitivity; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Immunosuppression Therapy; Male; Muramidase; Rabbits; Time Factors

Topics: Antigen-Antibody Complex; B-Lymphocytes; Capillary Permeability; Cell Migration Inhibition; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Eosinophils; Granuloma; Humans; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Inflammation; Lymphocyte Activation; Macrophages; Monocytes; Muramidase; NAD; NADP; Necrosis; Neutrophils; Opsonin Proteins; Phagocytes; Phagocytosis; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: B-Lymphocytes; Cell Migration Inhibition; Cells, Cultured; Fibroblasts; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell; Humans; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Lectins; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocyte Depletion; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; Muramidase; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated; Skin; Skin Tests; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Animals; Guinea Pigs; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Phagocytosis; Rabbits; Staphylococcus

Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Bronchi; Filtration; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunoglobulin A; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Muramidase; Phagocytosis; Pulmonary Surfactants; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Trypsin Inhibitors

Topics: Agranulocytosis; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; Blood Chemical Analysis; Erythrocytes; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Immunoglobulins; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Infant; Karyotyping; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Male; Monocytes; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Phagocytosis; Protein Binding; Rheumatoid Factor; Saliva; Vitamin B 12