muramidase and Hypoxia

We evaluated the physiological and humoral immune responses of Eurasian perch submitted to 4-h hypoxia in either single or repeated way. Two generations (F1 and F5) were tested to study the potential changes in these responses with domestication. In both generations, single and repeated hypoxia resulted in hyperglycemia and spleen somatic index reduction. Glucose elevation and lysozyme activity decreased following repeated hypoxia. Complement hemolytic activity was unchanged regardless of hypoxic stress or domestication level. A 2D-DIGE proteomic analysis showed that some C3 components were positively modulated by single hypoxia while C3 up- and down-regulations and over-expression of transferrin were observed following repeated hypoxia. Domestication was associated with a low divergence in stress and immune responses to hypoxia but was accompanied by various changes in the abundance of serum proteins related to innate/specific immunity and acute phase response. Thus, it appeared that the humoral immune system was modulated following single and repeated hypoxia (independently of generational level) or during domestication and that Eurasian perch may display physiological acclimation to frequent hypoxic disturbances.

Topics: Acclimatization; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; Fish Diseases; Gene Expression Regulation; Hypoxia; Immunity, Humoral; Muramidase; Perches; Proteomics; Transferrin

Topics: Animals; Complement System Proteins; Glucuronidase; Hypoxia; Male; Muramidase; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Temperature

It was established in rat experiments that adaptation to altitude hypoxia leads to the enhancement of immune response to sheep red blood cells and to an increase in the serum lysozyme level. Adaptation to altitude hypoxia also suppresses adjuvant arthritis and prevents arthritis-induced inhibition of antibody production.

Topics: Acclimatization; Agglutinins; Altitude; Animals; Antibody Formation; Arthritis; Arthritis, Experimental; Erythrocytes; Hemagglutinins; Hypoxia; Male; Muramidase; Rats; Sheep

The major complications with extended wear lenses are due to hypoxia and lens deposits. Certain patients tend to deposit proteins and lipids on the lens surface with daily wear and at a greater frequency during prolonged wear. A build-up of these deposits can be associated with decreased vision, conjunctival irritation, and giant papillary conjunctivitis. Frequent lens cleaning and the frequent use of concomitant topical artificial tears will hopefully reduce the incidence of lens deposits and their complications. Superficial circumlimbal vascularization occurs in a large percentage of patients who have worn lenses for weeks at a time. Corneal edema, ocular irritation, and decreased vision are also the hallmarks of a decreased oxygen supply to the cornea. A thin-loose-fitting lens will increase the percentage of patients who are able to successfully use extended wear lenses by increasing the amount of oxygen available to the cornea. Cessation or reduction in duration of lens wear will decrease the frequency and severity of this complication. Conjunctival and corneal infections are real risks; lens loss, breakage, deformation, or discoloration also occur during extended wear.

Topics: Calcium; Conjunctivitis; Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic; Cornea; Eye Diseases; Humans; Hypoxia; Keratitis; Lipid Metabolism; Muramidase; Proteins; Refractive Errors; Time Factors