muramidase and Histiocytoma--Benign-Fibrous

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the spermatic cord is rare, and most published cases are single case reports that emphasize clinical presentation and management. We describe in detail the histopathologic features of 2 cases of high-grade storiform-pleomorphic MFH arising in the spermatic cord. Both tumors occurred in elderly men, 65 years and 70 years, and were 4 cm (Case 1) and 5 cm (Case 2) in greatest dimension. The tumor mass in Case 1 was associated with satellite tumor nodules. At last follow-up, in Case 1 the patient died of metastasis, and in Case 2, the patient is alive and well 46 months after diagnosis. Review of the literature reveals 33 additional cases published in English (17 cases) or Japanese (16 cases) that include histologic description. Including the 2 cases in this report, most of the tumors occurred in older (than 50 years) patients (28 of 35 cases, 80%) and occurred as solitary masses that ranged in diameter from less than 1 cm to more than 20 cm. Nine patients presented with satellite tumor nodules. Twenty-nine (83%) tumors were of the storiform-pleomorphic type, with 3 giant cell type, 2 inflammatory type, and 1 myxoid type. These features do not differ significantly from MFH in other anatomic sites. Clinical follow-up is available in 33 cases (3-174 months; mean, 31.5 months). Twelve patients developed recurrence and metastasis; at least 4 patients died of the disease. Tumor size does not predict the clinical progression; however, patients with progressive tumors were commonly associated with satellite nodules at time of presentation, an indication of early local metastasis.

Topics: Aged; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Biomarkers, Tumor; Fatal Outcome; Genital Neoplasms, Male; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Muramidase; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Spermatic Cord; Vimentin

Clinical, light microscopic, electron microscopic and immunocytochemical features of 4 cases (3 women and 1 man) of primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the breast are presented. The literature is reviewed and the diagnosis and treatment discussed. The good outcome is stressed and local excision or simple mastectomy recommended as appropriate treatment.

Topics: Aged; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Lymph Node Excision; Male; Mastectomy, Simple; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local

Topics: Aged; alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; Chymotrypsin; Collagen; Female; Histiocytes; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Mitosis; Muramidase; Necrosis; Stomach; Stomach Neoplasms; Vimentin

Fibrous histiocytomas are uncommon mesenchymal tumours of the soft tissue in the head and neck region. We report two cases that occurred in the oral cavity, one of a benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH) and another of an angiomatoid variant of fibrous histiocytoma (AFH). BFH is a benign neoplasm composed of cells with fibroblastic and histiocytic characteristics, while AFH is considered as a distinct type of fibrous histiocytoma with an intermediate malignancy grade that combines features of both fibrohistiocytic and vascular neoplasm. We describe the clinicopathological and histological characteristics of these lesions to clarify and facilitate their diagnosis. In the BFH case, the surgical specimen had many histiocytes positive for lysozime, whereas the AFH cells showed positivity for endothelial cell marker (anti-CD34 antibody). In both cases the tumours were positive for fibronectin and negative for S100 and SMA. Ki-67. Immunohistochemistry was performed in all cases to reveal the different mitotic activity between AFH and BFH tumour cells. Finally, differential diagnoses and therapeutic treatments are discussed.

Topics: Actins; Adult; Antigens, CD34; Cheek; Diagnosis, Differential; Fibronectins; Histiocytes; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous; Humans; Infant; Ki-67 Antigen; Male; Mitotic Index; Mouth Neoplasms; Muramidase; S100 Proteins; Tongue Neoplasms

Forty five cases of canine cutaneous histiocytoma (CCH) were examined by immunohistology for expression and distribution of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen in neoplastic cells. In addition, expression of lysozyme and calprotectin (leucocyte protein L1) in neoplastic cells was investigated. Furthermore, B and T lymphocytes were demonstrated by antibodies against the CD3 antigen, IgG, and IgM. Neoplastic cells showed two staining patterns for MHC class II antigen: focal juxtanuclear cytoplasmic staining and/or rim-like staining along the cell periphery. In 24 cases, a predominant or exclusive focal juxtanuclear cytoplasmic MHC class II antigen reaction in neoplastic cells, and the presence of few diffusely distributed infiltrating CD3 antigen-positive T lymphocytes were observed. Tumors with numerous neoplastic cells exhibiting staining for MHC class II antigen along the cell periphery (n = 21) showed increased inflammatory alterations, represented by disseminated and nodular infiltrations of mainly CD3 antigen-positive T cells. B cells, plasma cells, exudate macrophages, and neutrophils were rarely seen disseminated between neoplastic cells whereas their number increased within focal inflammatory infiltrates. The focal cytoplasmic reaction for MHC class II antigen in neoplastic cells might represent newly synthesized MHC class II molecules stored in vesicles, whereas staining of the cell periphery might occur due to accumulation of MHC class II molecules along the plasma membrane. The increasing expression of MHC class II molecules on the cell surface might be the decisive factor for onset and progression of tumor regression. However, the exact mechanism of priming and activation of T cells by neoplastic cells and the nature of the presented antigen are not yet known.

Topics: Animals; B-Lymphocytes; CD3 Complex; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; Major Histocompatibility Complex; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Muramidase; Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules; Skin Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes

By clinical, pathologic and immunohistochemical study on aniomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma, which is a relatively uncommon soft tissue tumor described by Enzinger in 1979, and often misdiagnosed, we are reporting 32 cases of this lesion. The distinctive histopathology were: (1) Cystic change filled with hemorrhagic fluid or blood, (2) surrounded by nests of fibroblastlike and histocyte-like cells and (3) intermingled with chronic inflammatory cells, (4) often surrounded by a fibrous pseudocapsule. Immunohistochemical staining done in 4 cases showed all to be positive in lysozyme, three positive in Mac 387 and CD 68. These results support their histiocytic origin. Follow-up information was available in 25 of 32 cases. All the 25 patients were alive, 4 with recurrence (16%), 1 with metastasis (4%). These results concur with the opinion that intrinsically, this is a low grade tumor.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Extremities; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Vimentin

This is a report on the clinical, anatomical and immunohistochemical study of thirty patients presenting dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Its incidence (4.8 percent), covering a 15-year period in a specialized oncological unit, wider age range and high rate of relapses (66.6 percent) are established as the result of clinical and anatomical revision. The latter findings necessitate radical removal of the neoplasm as early at its primary resection. The practical implications of the so-called "spoke-like" structures, pathognomonic for histological identification of the tumor, are discussed. The immunohistochemical study for S100 [correction of C100] protein and lysozyme is negative, while alpha 1-antitrypsin reaction is positive in single rounded histiocyte-like cells which is by no means a conclusive evidence of the phenotype characteristics of the cell population in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Dermatofibrosarcoma; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; S100 Proteins; Skin Neoplasms; Soft Tissue Neoplasms

A human malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) cell line, designated as MFH-ino, was established from the maxillary tumor of a 45-year-old woman. Clinically, the original tumor was accompanied by extensive destruction of the surrounding tissues. Cells were obtained from the explant culture of tumor fragments. Both histiocytic and fibroblastic markers were observed in the histochemical and immunocytochemical studies of MFH-ino. The cells were positive for lysozyme, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, and the collagen types I, III, IV, V, but were negative for alpha-1-antitrypsin, acetate esterase and type II collagen. As biochemical examinations of the culture cells, collagen synthesis was assayed by the measurement of hydroxyproline and the content increase in culture dishes with time after cell inoculation. Collagenase activity secreted in culture medium was also examined with FITC-labeled type I collagen as substrate, and high activity was detected at the late stage of the stationary phase. Further, the MFH-ino cells had high acid phosphatase activity while lacking alkaline phosphatase activity. These findings indicated that MFH-ino cells expressed the various properties of MFH, which will be of importance for understanding the biological behavior, and especially the collagen metabolism, of MFH.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Collagen; Female; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Maxillary Neoplasms; Microbial Collagenase; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Tumor Cells, Cultured

The primary focus of this experiment was on the investigation of localizations of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACT), fibronectin (FN) and lysozyme (LY) in tumor cells of experimental malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). The induction of MFH was conducted by injecting Fischer 344 rats with 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide (4-HAQO). In 46 out of 50 rats, tumors were generated, all of which were diagnosed as MFH and classified into 5 subtypes, according to their histological properties. The presence of alpha 1-AT, alpha 1-ACT and FN in all MFH tumor cells was observed in the tumor cells of various types. Especially, fibroblast-like, histiocyte-like and Touton and/or Epulis type giant cells showed strong reactivity. However, positive reaction of LY in MHF tumor cells was very weak, or the reaction was negative. These findings are consistent with those of human MFH.

Topics: 4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide; alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Animals; Fibronectins; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Immunohistochemistry; Muramidase; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344

Two unusual fibroxanthomas were studied by light microscopy. The first case contained numerous osteoclast-like cells and resembled malignant giant cell tumour of soft tissues, a variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Osteoclast-like giant cells were negative for lysozyme and alpha-1-antitrypsin. The second case contained areas of chondroid differentiation which resembled chondrosarcoma. Tumour cells within the cartilaginous areas were positive for S100 protein.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Chondrosarcoma; Female; Fibroma; Genetic Variation; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Muramidase; S100 Proteins; Skin Neoplasms

Mycosis fungoides was initially diagnosed in a 7.5-year-old German Shepherd Dog with generalized canine cutaneous histiocytoma. Lesions resolved without treatment over approximately 16 weeks. The final diagnosis of histiocytoma with 2 histopathologic patterns was obtained by use of a special staining technique for the detection of lysozyme found in histiocytes.

Topics: Animals; Diagnosis, Differential; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Histiocytes; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Immunohistochemistry; Muramidase; Mycosis Fungoides; Prognosis; Skin Neoplasms

A wide range of tumors were immunohistochemically analyzed for alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) and lysozyme in order to evaluate their specificity as histiocytic markers and their significance in the diagnostic and histogenetic evaluation of fibrohistiocytic tumors. Besides histiocytic lesions, AAT immunoreactivity was commonly found in different types of carcinomas and sarcomas, and strong immunoreactivity was found in carcinoid tumors, malignant melanomas, and schwannomas, which, however, had negative results for lysozyme. The AAT immunoreactivity could be abolished with the absorption of the antibody with purified AAT also in nonhistiocytic tumors. The neoplastic pleomorphic cells in malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFHs) usually had strongly positive results for AAT, whereas only entrapped histocytes had positive results for lysozyme and for two monoclonal antibodies to histomonocytic cells. The results show that AAT has a relatively low specificity as a histiocytic marker, and one should be careful in concluding the histiocytic nature of tumors, such as MFHs, based on AAT immunostaining. It seems also questionable whether AAT can be used as a diagnostic marker for MFH. The reason for the widespread AAT immunoreactivity in various tumors may be that AAT is taken up from serum to various types of nonhistiocytic tumor cells.

Topics: alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Biomarkers, Tumor; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Muramidase; Pepsin A

Immunohistochemically, the presence of lysozyme (LZ) has been detected by the antibody against human LZ in cytoplasm of cells from granulomatous and histiocyte-proliferative skin diseases. To detect LZ in these cells morphologically, I have done electron microscopic observations of the following skin diseases; sarcoidosis, lupus vulgaris, lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LMDF), tattoo granuloma, lichen nitidus, foreign body granuloma, granuloma annulare, xanthelasma, xanthoma tuberosum, xanthoma planum, juvenile xanthogranuloma, giant cell tumor of tendon sheath, dermatofibroma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, granulation tissue of burn, hypertrophic scar, and histiocytosis X. From both the immunohistochemical and the electron microscopic features it was concluded that a) immunohistochemically LZ-positive cells from lesions of sarcoidosis, lupus vulgaris, LMDF and tattoo granuloma had a number of electron-lucent bodies (ELB) or microvesicles in their cytoplasm, b) lichen nitidus and xanthoma tuberosum had few LZ-positive cells and the ELB were not observed, and c) the other diseases were LZ-negative, and the ELB were also absent. It is suggested that LZ is present in the ELB which are observed electron microscopically.

Topics: Granuloma; Histiocytes; Histiocytic Sarcoma; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms

In 52 cases of fibrohistiocytic sarcoma activity of alfa-1-antichymotripsin (ACT) in tumour cells was found in 47 cases and lysozyme in 16 cases. ACT was found in all types of tumour except angiomatous. Lysozyme was positive only in pleomorphic type, all these cases have also activity of ACT. Investigated enzymes are useful in diagnosis with correlation to others markers used in diagnostic procedure of soft tissue tumours.

Topics: Adult; Aged; alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; Child; Female; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Soft Tissue Neoplasms

Lysozyme and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin depositions were recorded by means of the PAP technique from benign and malignant fibrohistiocytic tumours. These depositions were seen in relation to lesions with histiocytic reactions. The findings indicate that the detection of these markers support the solution of problems of differential diagnosis. An important role is particularly played by demonstration in fibroblastic elements within the neoplasm proper. The results also suggest the possible existence of an undifferentiated precursor cell.

Topics: alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Diagnosis, Differential; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunohistochemistry; Muramidase; Skin Neoplasms

The immunoperoxidase avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method was used to investigate the presence of histiocyte markers such as lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) and alpha-1-anti-chymotrypsin (A1ACT) and of vimentin, a specific marker for mesenchymal differentiation, in a spontaneous and transplantable rat tumor of supposed fibroblastic-histiocytic origin. Positive staining was obtained for lysozyme and vimentin but A1AT and A1ACT were not demonstrable in any of the tumor sections. These results provide evidence for the fibro-histiocytic nature of the tumor studied and suggest its classification as a malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH).

Topics: alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Animals; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Muramidase; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Vimentin

The staining pattern by Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA), a lectin used as a good marker for histiocytes, in 24 cases with malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) was studied and compared with that of 12 cases of fibrosarcoma (FS). In 20 (83%) of 24 cases of MFH, varying degrees of RCA binding were observed, whereas only four (33%) of 12 cases of FS were positive. RCA-positive FS included three cases with infantile FS and one adult case with post-radiation FS. Eight adult patients with FS were entirely negative. This positivity rate of RCA binding in MFH was much higher than those of antisera against lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin previously reported. Seven MFH patients with focal aggregation of RCA-positive benign-appearing (reactive) histiocytes died earlier than the other patients with only scattered RCA-positive histiocytes; 5-year survival rates were 32% and 69%, respectively (p less than 0.05). These findings suggest that RCA reactivity can be used as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for MFH.

Topics: Adult; Aged; alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Female; Fibrosarcoma; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lectins; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Plant Lectins; Plants, Toxic; Ricinus communis; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Staining and Labeling

Immunohistochemical examinations were performed using five kinds of histiocytic markers [S100 protein, lysozyme, non-specific cross reacting antigen with carcinoembryonic antigen (NCA), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACT) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT)] in biopsied tissues from histiocytosis X, juvenile xanthogranuloma, xanthoma tuberosum, xanthoma disseminatum, reticulohistiocytic granuloma and multicentric reticulohistiocytoma, all of which have been classified as histiocytic proliferative disorders. Our results suggested that xanthomatous lesions of the skin to be composed of the histiocytic proliferation of two different cell lineages, i.e. S100+lyso-NCA- T-zone histiocytes and S100-lyso+NCA+ tissue macrophages. Only lesions of histiocytosis X were composed of the former cells. It is suggested that these markers will be useful in determining the delineation of the histiocytic system on the basis of functional heterogeneity.

Topics: alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Biopsy; Bone and Bones; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Eosinophilic Granuloma; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lymphatic Diseases; Muramidase; S100 Proteins; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile

Malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH) belong to the most frequent soft tissue tumours in adults and have to be discriminated from other tumours with similar morphology. Various tumour markers aid the differential diagnosis. Twenty cases of MFH were studied immunohistochemically using antibodies to vimentin, TPA, desmin, lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, S-100 protein, neurone-specific enolase (NSE), laminin, fibronectin and ferritin. Vimentin and lysozyme were found in the tumour cells of all, alpha 1-antitrypsin of 18, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin of 19, fibronectin of 16 and ferritin of 12 cases. Antibodies of TPA, desmin, S-100 protein, NSE and laminin did not reveal positive immunoreactivity. Exclusion of spindle-cell carcinoma can be made by positive vimentin and negative TPA reactivity, of melanoma by negative S-100 reactivity, and of leio- and rhabdomyosarcoma by lack of desmin immunoreactivity. Schwannomas contain S-100 protein, but lack lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and fibronectin. Pleomorphic liposarcomas cannot be distinguished from MFH on the basis of immunohistochemical staining. Vimentin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and fibronectin can, therefore, be regarded as useful markers in the differential diagnosis of MFH.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Desmin; Female; Ferritins; Fibronectins; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Laminin; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Peptides; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; S100 Proteins; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Tissue Polypeptide Antigen; Vimentin

Immunoreactive lysozyme was readily detectable in canine histiocytic disorders including systemic histiocytosis, malignant histiocytosis and granulomatous panniculitis. Lysozyme was less reliable as a histiocytic marker in cutaneous histiocytoma; forty percent of these tumors were negative for lysozyme expression. The marked heterogeneity in lysozyme expression in cutaneous histiocytoma may indicate that a proportion of these tumors show relatively primitive histiocytic differentiation and do not express lysozyme. Alternatively, this same proportion may exhibit a phenotype akin to cutaneous Langerhans cells which do not contain lysozyme. Lysozyme was not detectable in the tumor cells in lymphomatoid granulomatosis, atypical cutaneous histiocytoma, and histiocytic lymphosarcoma. Other evidence that these three disorders do not represent true histiocytic proliferative disorders is discussed.

Topics: Animals; Cytoplasm; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Histiocytes; Histiocytic Sarcoma; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Muramidase

183 cases of soft tissue tumors were studied utilizing the immunoperoxidase technique to demonstrate alpha-1-antitrypsin, ferritin and lysozyme. The series comprises 50 malignant lesions, 34 intermediate malignancy lesions, 99 benign lesions of fibrohistiocytic origin, and 23 malignant tumors of non fibrohistiocytic origin. The actual results of the study are as follows: alpha-1-antitrypsin, ferritin and lysozyme were always absent in 10 fibrosarcomas, 2 liposarcomas, 2 Ewing sarcomas, 3 synovial sarcomas, 4 neurofibrosarcomas, and 2 rhabdomyosarcomas, but in 24 malignant fibrous histiocytomas, 34 cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and 102 benign fibrohistiocytic lesions, these activities were present in a percentage that ranged between 12% and 38% (average 25%). Differences in the frequency of positive reactions did not occur between benign and malignant fibrohistiocytic lesions. The immunohistological examinations carried out have, therefore, only a very limited value for the practical diagnostic evaluation, but, when positive, are important to clarify the histogenesis of the tumor.

Topics: alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Ferritins; Fibroma; Fibrosarcoma; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunochemistry; Muramidase; Sarcoma; Soft Tissue Neoplasms

An 11-year-old patient with inflammatory fibrous histiocytoma of the iliac bone is presented. In addition to routine histopathological procedures the lesion was studied by enzyme-histochemical and immuno-histochemical methods. The results of acid phosphatase, alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase and intracytoplasmic muramidase demonstration in tumour cells supported the histiocytic nature of the presented case.

Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Ilium; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Inflammation; Muramidase

An uncommon primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the pleura is described. At light microscopy the tumor was characterized by a 'storiform' pattern of growth, with numerous multinucleated giant cells. Immunohistochemistry showed an intense, diffuse immunostaining for alpha-1-antitrypsin, focal for lysozyme. Ultrastructurally, histiocyte- and fibroblast-like cells and cells with intermediate features were present; moreover, it was possible to demonstrate the presence of mesenchymal 'stem' cells. Findings are discussed, also with respect to histogenesis of MFH.

Topics: alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Female; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Pleura; Pleural Neoplasms

Topics: 4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide; alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Animals; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Histocytochemistry; Male; Muramidase; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

Lung tissues from 13 patients with pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma were studied with antibody against surfactant apoprotein, Factor VIII-related antigen, or lysozyme. Surfactant apoprotein was detected in the cytoplasm of the cells lining cystic spaces and papillary projections. Surfactant apoprotein was found in a small number of stromal cells with abundant eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm and round to oval nuclei, which were characteristic in pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma as the main component. Surfactant apoprotein was also found in the stromal cells with small, dark nuclei similar to the lining cells. The lining and stromal cells contained neither Factor VIII-related antigen nor lysozyme. Our demonstration of surfactant apoprotein in these cells provides further support for the idea that pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma primarily consists of epithelial cells with differentiation to type II pneumocytes, as was deduced from ultrastructural investigations.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antigens; Apoproteins; Cytoplasm; Factor VIII; Female; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunologic Techniques; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Pulmonary Surfactants; von Willebrand Factor

The large stellate and polygonal cells observed in eleven fibrous papules and two angiofibromas were examined immunohistochemically for alpha 1-antitrypsin and lysozyme. The positive findings suggest that these cells are related to histiocytes rather than nevomelanocytes.

Topics: alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Histiocytes; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Muramidase; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms

We have studied the possible origin of histiocytic cells, present in fibrous histiocytomas (MFH) by using immunohistochemistry to demonstrate lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and receptors for peanut and soy bean agglutinin in tumour cells of MFH compared with their presence in tumour cells of malignant histiocytosis (MH) ('true' histiocytic lymphoma, 'true' histiocytic sarcoma). We included in this study a number of other soft tissue tumours (STT). Lysozyme was detected in half of the cases of malignant histiocytosis (n = 16) but in only two out of 77 MFH. alpha 1-Antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin usually occurred together although the latter was seen in more cases. Both markers were present in majority of cases of MH whereas they were detected in a minority of cases of MFH. MFH cases of the storiform subtype were less frequently stained than the pleomorphic or giant cell subtypes. Receptors for peanut or soy bean agglutinin were detected in nearly all MH cases, whereas their presence was only detected in a small number of MFH. Lysozyme was not detectable in other STT. alpha 1-Antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin were uncommonly present in other STT, except in osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. These markers therefore have a limited value as indicators of a possible histiocytic origin of MFH. Lectins showed weak affinity for other STT. In accordance with others, we therefore conclude that the progenitor cell of MFH has to be sought within the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and that histiocytes themselves probably do not give rise to MFH.

Topics: alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Chymotrypsin; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lectins; Lymphatic Diseases; Muramidase; Plant Lectins; Receptors, Mitogen; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Soybean Proteins

In this study the immunohistochemical analysis of distinct morphologic variants of benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH) of the skin was performed with immunoperoxidase technique for both lysozyme and alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT). Thirty cases including cellular, fibrous and xanthomatous variants of BFH were selected. Out of the total 6 cases (20%) showed positive staining only for A1AT, 3 cases (10%) only for lysozyme and 10 (33.3%) for both markers. Thus, 19 cases (63.3%) showed positive staining for one of both markers. Positive staining was higher in the cellular variant than the fibrous and xanthomatous types. Negative staining of tumors of definite histiocytic morphology may be interpreted as a variable enzymatic expression of different histiocytic activation and/or undetectable enzymatic content by the current techniques. These results are in accordance with our previous evolutional hypothesis of BFH which considered the cellular tumors as functionally more active variants evolving to less cellular, more fibrous and less active types. Current histogenetic concepts about this controversial group of skin neoplasms are discussed.

Topics: Aged; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Child, Preschool; Female; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Muramidase; Skin Neoplasms

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) shows a mixed proliferation of both fibroblastic and histiocytic cells. Because of their complex morphologic appearances, the nature of truly neoplastic cells in MFH has been controversial. In the present study, immunoperoxidase method (PAP method) was used to examine the intracytoplasmic lysozyme (LY), alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), fibronectin (FN), and polyvalent immunoglobulin (PI) in the fibroblastic and histiocytic cells. Twenty-three cases with MFH were histologically divided into three groups; predominantly fibroblastic type (Group I; 5 cases), mixed fibroblastic and histiocytic type (Group II; 15 cases), and almost pure histiocytic type (Group III; 3 cases). Fibroblastic cells showed a strong positive reaction for LY and A1AT, suggesting the histiocytic nature, while the proliferating cells in Group II were more intensely stained by each of the antibodies than in Groups I and III. Enzyme histochemical examinations on fresh materials were available in 3 cases. These findings suggest that proliferating cells in MFH possess a histiocyte nature.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Female; Fibronectins; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase

Nodular subepidermal fibrosis (NSF) is a clinical entity, the histogenetic origins of which remain unclear. More than 200 such lesions were examined with light microscopy and subdivided into four types based on their relative degree of cellularity. Five examples of each subtype were stained for lysozyme with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. None of the 20 lesions contained cells with lysozyme. We conclude that the basic cell type in NSF is not lysozyme-containing macrophage; it is a different cell, perhaps one of mesenchymal origin.

Topics: Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Muramidase

Since lysozyme and alpha 1-anti-chymotrypsin are constituents of normal histiocytes, their value as tumor cell markers in histiocytes neoplasias has been investigated using the indirect immunoperoxidase method and commercially available specific antisera on formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded 5 micrometers sections after pretreatment with pronase. The distribution of both markers was determined in 35 cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and in 13 cases of malignant histiocytosis (MH). In 12 cases of MH both markers were found whereas in MFH alpha 1-antichymotrypsin was demonstrated in 26 and lysozyme in 16 cases only. In general, the staining for alpha 1-anti-chymotrypsin was more intense than the staining for lysozyme. A negative reaction does not exclude the possibility of MH or MFH. The presence of both constituents in tumours, however, can be considered as indicative of histiocytogenic origin and both can be useful markers for distinguishing histiocytic neoplasias from other tumours.

Topics: alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; Chymotrypsin; Diagnosis, Differential; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lymphatic Diseases; Muramidase; Protease Inhibitors; Trypsin Inhibitors

The aim of this study was to localize alpha 1-antitrypsin, ferritin, and lysozyme by means of the indirect immunoperoxidase technique and to evaluate the significance of these antigens as markers of histiocytic differentiation in tumors of a supposed dual fibroblastic-histiocytic origin. The series comprised 31 malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH) of the pleomorphic, spindle cell, and myxoid types, four cutaneous fibrous histiocytomas, and four atypical fibroxanthomas, four dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and two osteoclastomas of bone. For comparison, 15 soft tissue sarcomas of various other types were examined. Of the MFHs of the pleomorphic type, 18 of 22 (82 per cent) were positively stained for alpha 1-antitrypsin and 12 of 22 (54 per cent) were positively stained for ferritin. Of the five MFHs of the spindle cell type, none was positively stained for alpha 1-antitrypsin, three were positive for ferritin, and one was positive for lysozyme. None of the myxoid variants (corresponding to grade I-II myxofibrosarcoma) was positively stained for either of the antigens. These results and the observations made on the cutaneous fibrous histiocytomas, atypical fibroxanthomas, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and the various soft tissue sarcomas indicated that 1) alpha 1-antitrypsin is a valuable marker of histiocytic differentiation in both benign and malignant fibrous histiocytomas, 2) ferritin can be visualized in more than half of these fibroblastic-histiocytic tumors, and the presence of ferritin distinguishes the spindle cells of these tumors from fibroblasts of connective tissue and most fibrosarcomas, and 3) lysozyme, although a good marker of histiocytic differentiation in ordinary histiocytes and benign fibrous histiocytomas, is a poor marker of neoplastic histiocytes of malignant tumors. The results further support the concept that MFH is a tumor of a dual fibroblastic-histiocytic origin.

Topics: alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Ferritins; Fibroma; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Immunochemistry; Muramidase; Sarcoma; Soft Tissue Neoplasms

Until recently, the diagnosis and classification of malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH) has been based on light- and electron-microscopic appearances. Tissue culture studies have led to the suggestion that these tumors have a common histiocytic origin. Using the immunoperoxidase PAP technique, a variety of soft-tissue tumors have been stained for the histiocyte markers alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (A1ACT) and lysozyme. A1AT and A1ACT are found to be useful specific markers for tumors of the MFH group whereas lysozyme is not a reliable marker for such tumors. The presence of these substances within the tumors supports the theory that they share a common origin from tissue histiocytes. Only a proportion of superficial skin histiocytomas stain for A1AT and A1ACT, raising the possibility that these are a heterogeneous group and do not share a common histogenesis with MFH.

Topics: alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Chymotrypsin; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Muramidase; Soft Tissue Neoplasms

Distribution of intracytoplasmic lysozyme in proliferative and neoplastic fibrohistiocytic lesions and non fibrohistiocytic tumors was studied by immunoperoxidase technique on formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. The cases examined were 161 fibrohistiocytic lesions and 86 non-fibrohistiocytic tumors. Contrary to our expectation, the lysozyme positive cells were found only in the minority of cases with fibrohistiocytic lesions. Cells positive for lysozyme were found only in 13 out of 100 cases of dermatofibroma, one out of 4 cases of xanthogranuloma and 8 out of 33 cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and non-fibrohistiocytic tumors were negative for lysozyme. It is suggested that in proliferative fibrohistiocytic lesions, induction of lysozyme synthesis is weak or absent. Some malignant fibrous histiocytomas showed scattered lysozyme positive neoplastic cells, indicating their probable histiocytic origin or differentiation. On the other hand, evidence of histiocytic differentiation of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans was not obtained using lysozyme immunohistiochemistry.

Topics: Aged; Cytoplasmic Granules; Fibroma; Granuloma; Histiocytes; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Liposarcoma; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node

Histiocytosis X, multicentric reticulohistiocytosis, juvenile xanthogranuloma, the "fibrous" type of dermatofibroma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma are all characterized by dermal and/or subcutaneous infiltrates composed at least partially of cells having morphologic features suggestive of histiocytes. Paraffin-embedded tissues representing these conditions were stained for lysozyme (muramidase) with a peroxidase-antiperoxidase technic. The cells of juvenile xanthogranuloma were rich in lysozyme. Some of the cells of histiocytosis X showed a positive pattern, and the cells of the other three conditions were essentially negative. This study confirmed the histiocytic nature of juvenile xanthogranuloma and multicentric reticulohistiocytosis, supported the interpretation that there is a histiocytic component in the lesions of histiocytosis X, and cast some doubt on the alleged histiocytic nature of "fibrous" dermatofibroma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma.

Topics: Fibroma; Granuloma; Histiocytes; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lipoma; Lymphatic Diseases; Muramidase; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms

The immunohistological findings are reported in 62 cases of malignant lymphomas, pseudolymphomas and malignant histiocytic disorders of the skin. Paraffin-embedded tissue was analyzed with the Peroxidase-Antiperoxidase (PAP) Technique for the presence of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin (IgM, IgA, IgG, Kappa, Lambda) ana lysozyme. It can be stated that the PAP technique appears to be a valuable aid in interpreting and differentiating selected material of cutaneous lymphoproliferative and histiocytic disorders. The method supplements routine histological and histochemical staining procedures.

Topics: Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains; Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains; Immunoglobulin M; Lymphoma; Muramidase; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; Chymotrypsin; Diagnosis, Differential; Histiocytes; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lymphatic Diseases; Muramidase

Topics: alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; Chymotrypsin; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lymphatic Diseases; Muramidase; Trypsin Inhibitors

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Chymotrypsin; Female; Fibroblasts; Hemosiderin; Histiocytes; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Phagocytosis