muramidase and Gastrointestinal-Hemorrhage

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Marrow Cells; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Daunorubicin; Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Glucuronidase; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Muramidase; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Peroxidases; Pregnancy; Prognosis; Remission, Spontaneous

Infection with Salmonella typhimurium can produce multiple organ dysfunctions. However, document concerning with gastric hemorrhagic ulcers occur in this infectious disease is lacking. The aim was to study modulation of gastric hemorrhagic ulcer by oxidative stress and mast cell histamine in S. typhimurium-infected rats. Additionally, the protective effects of drugs, such as ofloxacin, lysozyme chloride, ketotifen, ranitidine, and several antioxidants, including exogenous glutathione (GSH), allopurinol and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were evaluated. Male Wistar rats were injected intrajejunally with a live culture of S. typhimurium (1 x 10(10) colony-forming units/rat) and followed by deprivation of food for 36 h. Age-matched control rats received sterilized vehicle only. Rat stomachs were irrigated for 3 h with either normal saline or a simulated gastric juice containing 100 mM HCl, 17.4 mM pepsin and 54 mM NaCl. S. typhimurium caused aggravation of offensive factors, including enhancing gastric acid back-diffusion, mucosal lipid peroxide generation, histamine release, microvascular permeability and hemorrhagic ulcer, as well as an attenuation of defensive substances, such as mucosal GSH and mucus level. Intragastric irrigation of gastric juice caused further aggravation of these gastric biochemical parameters. This exacerbation of ulcerogenic factors was abolished by pretreatment of ofloxacin and lysozyme chloride. Antioxidants, such as reduced GSH, allopurinol and DMSO also produced significant (P < 0.05) amelioration of gastric damage in S. typhimurium infected rats. In conclusion, gastric oxidative stress and histamine play pivotal roles in the formation of hemorrhagic ulcers that were effectively ameliorated by ofloxacin, lysozyme chloride, ketotifen, ranitidine, diamine oxidase and various antioxidants in S. typhimurium-infected rats.

Topics: Allopurinol; Animals; Antioxidants; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Disease Models, Animal; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Glutathione; Histamine Release; Indomethacin; Lipid Peroxides; Male; Mast Cells; Muramidase; Ofloxacin; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Sodium Chloride; Stomach Ulcer; Therapeutic Irrigation

Infection of Salmonella typhimurium (Salmonella typhi) can lead to various organ diseases. This research first proposed that Salmonella typhi-infection could result in gastric oxidative stress and hemorrhagic ulcers that were ameliorated by ofloxacin, lysozyme chloride and several antioxidants, including exogenous glutathione (GSH), allopurinol and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Male Wistar rats were given intrajejunally the live culture of Salmonella typhi [1 x 10(10) colony-forming unit (CFU)/rat] and followed by deprivation of food for 36 h. Age-matched control rats received vehicle only. Rat stomachs were irrigated for 3 h with either normal saline or a simulated gastric juice containing 100 mM HCl, 17.4 mM pepsin and 54 mM NaCl. Infection of Salmonella typhi produced an aggravation of ulcerogenic factors, including enhancing gastric acid back-diffusion, mucosal lipid peroxide generation and hemorrhagic ulcer as well as an attenuation of mucosal GSH level. Intragastric irrigation of gastric juice caused further aggravation of these gastric biochemical parameters. This exacerbation of ulcerogenic factors was abolished by pretreatment of ofloxacin and lysozyme chloride. Antioxidants, such as reduced GSH, allopurinol and DMSO also produced significant (P<0.05) amelioration of gastric damage in Salmonella typhi-infected rats. In conclusion, infection of Salmonella typhi substantially caused gastric oxidative stress and disruption of gastric mucosal barriers, consequently resulted in gastric hemorrhagic ulcerations that were effectively ameliorated by ofloxacin, lysozyme chloride and various antioxidants.

Topics: Allopurinol; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Free Radical Scavengers; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Glutathione; Lipid Peroxides; Male; Muramidase; Ofloxacin; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Salmonella typhimurium; Sodium Chloride; Stomach Ulcer; Therapeutic Irrigation

The pathogenesis of gastric antral hemorrhage and ulceration is unclear. This paper first proposes that antral hemorrhagic ulcers produced in rats are associated with attenuation of defensive parameters (such as mucosal glutathione levels and histamine release, as well as aggravation of aggressive factors) including gastric acid back-diffusion and oxyradical generation. The protective effects of lysozyme chloride and antioxidants on this ulcer model were also evaluated. After being deprived of food for 24 hours followed by refeeding for 1 hour, rats were injected with 1.0 mol HCl/L intragastrically under potent analgesia of diethylether-anesthesia to induce antral ulcer. Control rats received a normal saline solution only. Rats were then given free access to water and food for 4 days. Before the experiment began, rats were again deprived of food for 24 hours. Following anesthetization, their stomachs were irrigated for 3 hours with either normal saline or a physiological acid solution containing 100 mmol HCl/L and 54 mmol NaCl/L. Aggravation of various aggressive and defensive parameters in antral mucosa was observed in refed rats that had received 1.0 mol HCl/L. A high relationship of mucosal glutathione level (r = -0.8754, P <.05) or lipid peroxides generation (r = 0.8198) to antral ulceration was obtained in those ulcerated rats. Intragastric lysozyme chloride (50-200 mg/kg) injected three times daily produced a dose-dependent attenuation of various gastric parameters in the acid-irrigated stomachs of antral ulcer rats. Intraperitoneal injections of various antioxidants, including exogenous glutathione, allopurinol, or dimethylsulfoxide also attenuated antral ulcer. In conclusion, the imbalance of aggressive factors, such as acid back-diffusion and oxyradicals-as well as defensive factors including glutathione and histamine-is important in modulating antral hemorrhagic ulcers that can be ameliorated by lysozyme chloride or antioxidants in rats.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Diffusion; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gastric Acid; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Glutathione; Histamine; Hydrochloric Acid; Lipid Peroxides; Male; Muramidase; Pyloric Antrum; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Stomach Ulcer

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS), or chloroma, is a rare extramedullary tumor composed of immature myeloid cells. It most commonly involves bone, soft tissue, lymph nodes and skin and develops during the course of or preceding myelogenous leukemia (ML). Involvement of other organs has been rarely reported including ovary, uterus and cervix, lung and the gastrointestinal tract; however, GS presenting as upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding from ulcerated gastric mass and concurrent bleeding vaginal mass is an unusual rare manifestation of GS. We describe a case of GS in a 70 year old black woman who presented with a bleeding "lump" in the vaginal wall and suffered fatal GI bleeding from an ulcerated gastric lesion. She was diagnosed with myelodysblastic syndrome a few months earlier. From the review of the available English literature, this is a unique presentation of GS. It is important to include this entity in the differential diagnosis when encountering GI bleeding particularly in a patient previously diagnosed with myeloid leukemia or preleukemia. The importance of Naphthol Chloracetate Esterase (NCAE) stain and lysozyme immunoperoxidase stain in establishing the diagnosis is breifly discussed.

Topics: Aged; Coloring Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Fatal Outcome; Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Leukemia, Myeloid; Muramidase; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Stomach Ulcer; Uterine Hemorrhage; Vaginal Diseases

The state of phagocytic activity of neutrophils, phagocytic index, opsonic coefficient, activity of blood serum lysozyme were studied with acute gastro-intestinal hemorrhages (ulcerous etiology in 116 patients, non-ulcerous etiology in 76 patients). The dependence of reduction of indices of phagocytosis and blood serum lysozyme on the degree of blood loss and duration of the posthemorrhagic period was revealed which may be used in clinical practice.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Volume; Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Peptic Ulcer; Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage; Phagocytosis; Recurrence

Rectocolitis remains, at the present time, in spite of the large amount of work carried out, a condition of which the cause and the physiopathological mechanism are unknown: none of the theories proposed has been confirmed by the facts; none has made it possible to propose an effective therapeutic regimen. The diagnosis of haemorrhagic rectocolitis rests solely on an assembly of clinical, radiological, and anatomological findings, together with findings on progress of the disease; none of these findings taken separately being pathognomonic. Because of this it is essential in cases of inflammatory colic disorders to analyse critically these different elements before affirming the diagnosis that is often arrived at too easily. Different affections, even apart from Crohn's disease (parasitic, microbial, and iatrogenic affections, etc) may, in fact, give rise to radiological and clinical pictures close to those of haemorrhagic rectocolitis.

Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Colitis; Colon; Crohn Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Endoscopy; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Genotype; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Infections; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Intestinal Mucosa; Muramidase; Proctocolitis; Psychophysiologic Disorders; Radiography

The lysozyme (muramidase) content of peritoneal fluid samples has been found to be an early indicator of the onset of infection in the course of peritoneal dialysis. A level of 10.0 mug/ml indicates peritoneal infection and one of 7.5 mug/ml is highly suspicious.

Topics: Ascitic Fluid; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Heparin; Humans; Kanamycin; Muramidase; Pancreatitis; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritonitis