muramidase and Eyelid-Diseases

Topics: Biological Assay; Conjunctiva; Eye Diseases; Eye Movements; Eyelid Diseases; Female; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Long-Acting Thyroid Stimulator; Muramidase; Myxedema; Orbit; Tears; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Gland; Thyrotropin; Tibia; Triiodothyronine

Protein-meibum and terpenoids-meibum lipid interactions could be important in the etiology of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and dry eye symptoms. In the current model studies, attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared (IR) spectroscopy was used to determine if the terpenoid β-carotene and the major proteins in tears and meibum affect the hydrocarbon chain conformation and carbonyl environment of wax, an abundant component of meibum. The main finding of these studies is that mucin binding to wax disordered slightly the conformation of the hydrocarbon chains of wax and caused the wax carbonyls to become hydrogen bonded or experience a more hydrophilic environment. Lysozyme and lactoglobulin, two proteins shown to bind to monolayers of meibum, did not have such an effect. Keratin and β-carotene did not affect the fluidity (viscosity) or environment of the carbonyl moieties of wax. Based on these results, tetraterpenoids are not likely to influence the structure of meibum in the meibomian glands. In addition, these findings suggest that it is unlikely that keratin blocks meibomian glands by causing the meibum to become more viscous. Among the tear fluid proteins studied, mucin is the most likely to influence the conformation and carbonyl environment of meibum at the tear film surface.

Topics: beta Carotene; Dry Eye Syndromes; Eye Proteins; Eyelid Diseases; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Humans; Keratins; Lactoglobulins; Meibomian Glands; Mucins; Muramidase; Protein Conformation; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Viscosity

To describe an acquired, smooth white lesion of the caruncle and to underscore the role of subsurface keratinizing squamous epithelium in its formation.. Clinical photographic documentation, histopathologic evaluation, and immunohistochemical staining of an excised specimen from a 25-year-old woman.. A cyst was found that was lined by keratinizing squamous epithelium without a keratohyaline layer (trichilemmal keratinization), typical of lesions of the pilosebaceous unit. A portion of the cyst's lining was replaced by granulomatous inflammation resulting from an earlier spontaneous partial rupture. Ki-67 immunolabeling demonstrated relatively few nuclei in S-phase (DNA synthesis) in comparison with the overlying epithelium, thereby suggesting an obstructive, nonproliferative cause for the cyst.. A white caruncular lesion is a very rare finding according to the literature. It is most likely caused by a cyst lined by squamous epithelium elaborating trichilemmal-type keratin. A sebaceous gland duct was established as the source for the current lesion.

Topics: Adult; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Cysts; Eyelid Diseases; Female; Humans; Keratins; Ki-67 Antigen; Muramidase; Sebaceous Gland Diseases

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blepharitis; Child; Eyelid Diseases; Female; Humans; Keratoconjunctivitis; Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca; Male; Meibomian Glands; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Staphylococcal Infections; Tears

Topics: Adult; Blepharitis; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Eyelid Diseases; Female; Humans; Keratoconjunctivitis; Male; Meibomian Glands; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mite Infestations; Muramidase; Propionibacterium acnes; Rosacea; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Tears; Time Factors

An ELISA method is described for measuring the age-related changes of tear lysozyme, lactoferrin, ceruloplasmin, IgA and IgG in normal eyes. The normal levels for these proteins at each age are compared with those from patients with dry and 'questionably dry' eyes, which each have individual profiles, as well as with patients suffering from ocular pemphigoid, chronic non-ulcerative blepharitis and meibomianitis. Results of tear lysozyme assays from patients on various beta-blockers are discussed with the suggested hypothesis that stimulation of beta-receptors per se in the human lacrimal gland is not required for tear protein secretion. The importance of other proteins present in the tear fluid is reviewed.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Blepharitis; Ceruloplasmin; Eyelid Diseases; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Keratoconjunctivitis; Labetalol; Lactoferrin; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Pemphigoid, Bullous; Practolol; Propranolol; Tears; Timolol; Xerophthalmia

Tear lysozyme concentrations were measured on 47 patients with chronic blepharitis and 22 normal control patients. The patients consisted of 26 individuals with various types of chronic blepharitis alone and 21 individuals with chronic blepharitis and clinically-diagnosed keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). The mean lysozyme concentration of blepharitis patients without KCS (4070 micrograms/ml) was not significantly different from normals (3760 micrograms/ml). However, mean lysozyme concentration of the blepharitis patients with KCS (2530 micrograms/ml) was significantly lower than normals or blepharitis patients without KCS (p less than 0.01). It was concluded that tear lysozyme deficiency does not play a significant role in the etiology of chronic blepharitis. However, a large percentage of patients with chronic blepharitis were found to have KCS.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blepharitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Eyelid Diseases; Female; Humans; Infant; Keratoconjunctivitis; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Reference Values; Tears

Concentrations of tear lysozyme, lactoferrin, ceruloplasmin, IgG, and IgA have been measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in patients with chronic non-ulcerative blepharitis and meibomianitis at the same time as the lid and conjunctivae were cultured for bacteria and fungi by a semiquantitative method. A group of normal controls aged 20 to 80 were similarly sampled, when strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis from their eyes and the patients' eyes were biotyped according to Baird-Parker's scheme. 5% of blepharitis cases had increased numbers of Staph. aureus present on the lids, compared with only a scanty growth obtained from 5% of normals. 7% of blepharitis cases had increased numbers of Staph. epidermidis type VI (coagulase-negative, mannitol-fermenting) present compared with a scanty growth obtained from 6% of normals. Isolation rates of other types of Staph. epidermidis did not differ from those in normals; no types were associated with meibomianitis. Tear protein profiles were normal in most patients, and there was no increase in tear IgA or IgG, which is expected with chronic infection. Overall our evidence suggests that in 88% of cases these lid conditions have an inflammatory aetiology not associated with infection. Staphylococcal isolates often found in the eye usually represent a normal commensal rather than pathogenic flora.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Blepharitis; Ceruloplasmin; Eyelid Diseases; Eyelids; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Lactoferrin; Malassezia; Male; Meibomian Glands; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Tears