muramidase and Common-Cold

Kakkonto, a Japanese herbal medicine, is frequently used to treat the common cold not only with a physician's prescription, but also in self-medication situations. This study aimed to examine whether Kakkonto prevents the aggravation of cold symptoms if taken at an early stage of illness compared with a well-selected Western-style multiple cold medicine.. This study was a multicenter, active drug-controlled, randomized trial. Adults 18 to 65 years of age who felt a touch of cold symptoms and visited 15 outpatient healthcare facilities within 48 hours of symptoms onset were enrolled. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups: one treated with Kakkonto (Kakkonto Extract-A, 6 g/day) (n=209) and one treated with a Western-style multiple cold medicine (Pabron Gold-A, 3.6 g/day) (n=198) for at most four days. The primary outcome of this study was the aggravation of cold, nasal, throat or bronchial symptoms, scored as moderate or severe and lasting for at least two days within five days after entry into the study.. Among the 410 enrollees, 340 (168 in the Kakkonto group and 172 in the Pabron group) were included in the analyses. The proportion of participants whose colds were aggravated was 22.6% in the Kakkonto group and 25.0% in the Pabron group (p=0.66). The overall severity of the cold symptoms was not significantly different between the groups. No harmful adverse events occurred in either group.. Kakkonto did not significantly prevent the progression of cold symptoms, even when prescribed at an early stage of the disease.

Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Codeine; Common Cold; Drug Combinations; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Herbal Medicine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Phytotherapy; Self Medication; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

We report a case of toxic epidermal necrolysis-type drug eruption. A 23-year-old man took an oral over-the-counter preparation for the common cold. A few days later, generalized erythema developed with systemic malaise and pain. A multiple blister formation followed, and Nikolsky's sign was noted on each blister. A lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) with the patient's peripheral lymphocytes strongly suggested that the eruption was attributable to lysozyme chloride which was included in the preparation taken. Following an intravenous drip of betamethasone for two weeks, the eruptions improved favorably.

Topics: Acetaminophen; Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Betamethasone; Biopsy, Needle; Caffeine; Common Cold; Drug Combinations; Follow-Up Studies; Guaiacol; Humans; Male; Muramidase; Nonprescription Drugs; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome; Urticaria

To determine the underlying mechanisms for rhinovirus-induced nasal secretions, nasal lavage fluids were analyzed during experimental rhinovirus infections.. Twenty patients with allergic rhinitis and 18 nonallergic control subjects were inoculated with rhinovirus type 39. Nasal lavage was performed before and on days 2 through 7 after viral inoculation, and the lavage fluids were assayed for proteins and mast cell mediators.. The secretion of total protein and both plasma proteins (albumin and IgG) and glandular proteins (lactoferrin, lysozyme, and secretory IgA) increased after rhinovirus inoculation. Analysis of the specific protein constituents revealed that nasal secretions during the initial response to the rhinovirus infection were predominantly due to increased vascular permeability. Allergic subjects tended to have fewer symptoms and more vascular permeability than control subjects, and increased histamine secretion after rhinovirus inoculation was more frequently seen in the allergy group.. Nasal secretions found early in the course of a viral upper respiratory infection are due to increased vascular permeability, whereas glandular secretions predominate later in the infection.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Common Cold; Female; Histamine; Humans; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Immunoglobulin G; Lactoferrin; Male; Mucus; Muramidase; Nasal Mucosa; Respiratory Tract Infections; Rhinovirus; Serum Albumin

Topics: Acetylcysteine; Chronic Disease; Common Cold; Humans; Muramidase; Nasal Mucosa; Papain; Rhinitis

Topics: Common Cold; Humans; Mucus; Muramidase; Papain; Rhinitis; Viscosity