muramidase and Clostridium-Infections

Topics: Acylation; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Cell Wall; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cricetinae; Female; Glucosamine; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Hydrolases; Immunity, Innate; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Muramidase; Mutagenesis; Peptidoglycan; Virulence

Cycloserine-cefoxitin fructose agar (CCFA), CCFA with horse blood and taurocholate (CCFA-HT), and cycloserine-cefoxitin mannitol broth with taurocholate and lysozyme (CCMB-TAL) were compared for recovery of Clostridium difficile from 120 stool specimens. Compared to CCFA, CCFA-HT enhanced C. difficile growth and improved recovery by 4%. In a separate study, 9% (8/91) of stool samples previously C. difficile negative on plate medium were C. difficile positive when cultured in CCMB-TAL.

Topics: Agar; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Cefoxitin; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Culture Media; Cycloserine; Erythrocytes; Feces; Fructose; Horses; Humans; Mannitol; Muramidase; Taurocholic Acid

The anaerobic mastitis incidence was used to study the bovine udder response in anaerobic bacterial mastitis caused by the Gram-positive bacterial strain of Clostridium perfringens. Milk samples positive for C. perfringens were assayed for NO and lysozyme. The model produced a strong NO and lysozyme response which correlated positively with the severity and outcome of the disease (subclinical and clinical stages). This study is, to our knowledge, the first to suggest a possible link between NO and lysozyme and bovine mastitis caused by C. perfringens. The results raise the possibility that interfering with NO production during mastitis may help to prevent tissue damage.

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium perfringens; Female; Mastitis, Bovine; Milk; Muramidase; Nitric Oxide; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Necrotic enteritis is a worldwide poultry disease caused by the overgrowth of Clostridium perfringens in the small intestine. An experiment with a 2x2 factorial design (supplementation with or without 40 mg lysozyme/kg diet for chickens challenged with or without C. perfringens) was conducted to investigate the inhibitory efficacy of exogenous lysozyme against intestinal colonization by C. perfringens in chickens subject to oral inoculation of C. perfringens type A on days 17 to 20. The C. perfringens challenge resulted in significant increase of C. perfringens, Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus populations in the ileum, bacteria translocation to the spleen, the intestinal lesion scores , There was significantly lower intestinal lysozyme activity in the duodenum and jejunum and weight gain during days 14 to 28 of the experiment. The addition of exogenous lysozyme significantly reduced the concentration of C. perfringens in the ileum and the intestinal lesion scores, inhibited the overgrowth of E. coli and Lactobacillus in the ileum and intestinal bacteria translocation to the spleen, and improved intestinal lysozyme activity in the duodenum and the feed conversion ratio of chickens. These findings suggest that exogenous lysozyme could decrease C. perfringens colonization and improve intestinal barrier function and growth performance of chickens.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Chickens; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium perfringens; Dietary Supplements; Escherichia coli; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Lactobacillus; Muramidase; Poultry Diseases; Spleen; Weight Gain

A cage study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of Entegard REV, a lysozyme-based antimicrobial blend, on the performance of broiler chickens and necrotic enteritis (NE) disease reduction of birds that were challenged with Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens. In the experiment, challenge by the infectious agents without medication resulted in impaired feed consumption, weight gain, and feed conversions and caused high incidence of gross NE lesions and NE mortality rate. Entegard REV included in feed at 200 g/metric ton (MT) was very effective in reducing negative health effects in the birds after NE challenge, and its ability to control the disease was not statistically different from a commonly used antibiotic growth promotant, bacitracin methylene disalicilate, at 55 g/MT.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chickens; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium perfringens; Coccidiosis; Eimeria; Enteritis; Muramidase; Necrosis; Poultry Diseases

Clostridium perfringens type A causes both clinical and subclinical forms of necrotic enteritis in domestic avian species. In this study the inhibitory effect of hen egg white lysozyme on the vegetative form of Cl. perfringens type A and the production of alpha-toxin in vitro was investigated.. A micro-broth dilution assay was used to evaluate the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of lysozyme against three clinical isolates of Cl. perfringens type A in 96-well microtitre plates. The MIC of lysozyme against Cl. perfringens isolates was found to be 156 microg ml(-1). Scanning electron micrographs of the cells treated with 100 microg ml(-1) of lysozyme revealed extensive cell wall damage. A quantitative sandwich ELISA for alpha-toxin produced by Cl. perfringens was developed based on a commercial ELISA kit allowing only qualitative detection. Addition of 50 microg ml(-1) of lysozyme did not inhibit the growth of Cl. perfringens but significantly inhibited the toxin production.. Lysozyme inhibited the growth of Cl. perfringens type A at 156 microg ml(-1). At sublethal levels, lysozyme was able to inhibit the alpha-toxin production.. Inhibition of Cl. perfringens type A and its alpha-toxin production by hen egg white lysozyme had never previously been reported. By inhibiting this avian pathogen and its toxin production, lysozyme showed potential for use in the treatment and prevention of necrotic enteritis and other Cl. perfringens type A related animal diseases.

Topics: Animals; Chickens; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium perfringens; Egg White; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Muramidase; Type C Phospholipases

Topics: Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Cell Wall; Clostridium; Clostridium Infections; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Penicillins; Protoplasts; Spheroplasts; Viral Vaccines

Topics: Abortion, Septic; Antitoxins; C-Reactive Protein; Clostridium Infections; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Muramidase; Peritonitis; Pregnancy; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections

Topics: Animals; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium tetani; Drug Synergism; Female; Male; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Muramidase; Penicillins; Placenta; Pneumococcal Infections; Pregnancy; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus pneumoniae