muramidase and Cholecystitis

An investigation of the lysozyme activity of the hepatic tissue, B-bile and C-bile has shown that in mechanical jaundice the lysozyme activity of the hepatic tissue is increased. A reliable decrease of the C-bile lysozyme activity is noted in patients with purulent cholangitis. In spite of adequate methods of external drainage of bile ducts in purulent cholangitis the bacterial activity of bile due to lysozyme is recovered slowly. The results obtained allow to make the degree of inflammation of bile ducts objective and to optimize the duration of antibacterial therapy.

Topics: Acute Disease; Bile; Cholangitis; Cholecystitis; Enzyme Repression; Gallstones; Humans; Liver; Muramidase

Topics: Acute Disease; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Appendicitis; Cholecystitis; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Innate; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Peritonitis; Postoperative Care

A total of 89 gallbladders with various conditions were examined histologically and immunohistochemically to detect various kinds of metaplastic changes. The gallbladder mucosa of the fetus and normal gallbladder showed no metaplastic changes. In 32 cases of chronic cholecystitis, metaplastic changes, such as mucous gland metaplasia (23 cases), Paneth's cells (six cases), and goblet cells (four cases) were observed. All cases containing Paneth's cells or goblet cells showed simultaneous lysozyme immunoreactivity and also contained argyrophilic cells. Among 23 cases with mucous gland metaplasia, 15 cases showed lysozyme immunoreactivity, eight contained argyrophilic cells, and 16 showed lysozyme immunoreactivity and/or argyrophilic reaction. The other seven cases showed only mucous gland metaplasia without endocrine cells or lysozyme immunoreactivity. These results suggest that the presence of lysozyme and/or endocrine cells is a conventional marker of gastrointestinal metaplasia of the gallbladder mucosa. Using these markers, 14 (28.6%) of 49 cases of adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder contained endocrine cells; 18 (36.7%) showed lysozyme immunoreactivity; and 25 (51.0%) contained at least one marker of endocrine cells or lysozyme immunoreactivity. These results suggest that at least half of adenocarcinomas of the gallbladder might be derived from metaplastic changes.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Adolescent; Adult; Argyria; Child; Child, Preschool; Cholecystitis; Cholelithiasis; Fetus; Gallbladder; Gallbladder Neoplasms; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Infant; Metaplasia; Muramidase; Precancerous Conditions; Serotonin; Staining and Labeling

We have studied the distribution of lysozyme (Ly), a1-antitrypsin (a1AT) and a1-antichymotrypsin ( a1AChy ) in the normal, chronically inflamed and neoplastic gall bladder mucosa using the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) method. Ly was absent from the normal mucosa but it was found only in areas of glandular metaplasia of true antral type and in crypts of possible early metaplastic nature in cases of chronic cholecystitis. a1AT and a1AChy were also found in such metaplastic areas, but their presence was also observed immunohistochemically in areas of essentially normal and in non-metaplastic, chronically inflamed gall bladder mucosa. The possible local production of these substances by gall bladder epithelial cells is discussed. Ly, a1AT and a1AChy were also found in various histological types of adenocarcinoma of the gall bladder in varying degrees of frequency and intensity, unrelated to the histological type and invasiveness of the tumour.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Cholecystitis; Chymotrypsin; Gallbladder; Gallbladder Neoplasms; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Muramidase

Gallbladders of 12 cases with chronic cholecystitis showing pseudopyloric glands (PPG) and of 18 cases with acute cholecystitis or chronic cholecystitis but without PPG were examined by the peroxidase - antiperoxidase (PAP) method using rabbit antibody against human lysozyme (LM). LM-immunoreactivity was detected in the cytoplasm of PPG and, to a lesser extent, in the pits of epithelial crypts that gave rise to PPG. No LM was found in normal gallbladders; in cases of cholecystitis without PPG, LM-immunoreactivity was restricted to infiltrating inflammatory cells. The presence of LM in PPG suggests that PPG represent functional metaplastic areas, involved in the non-specific defence mechanisms through participation of LM.

Topics: Cholecystitis; Chronic Disease; Gallbladder; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Metaplasia; Muramidase

Topics: Adolescent; Bile; Biliary Dyskinesia; Biliary Tract Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cholangitis; Cholecystitis; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Female; Humans; Male; Muramidase

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Cholangitis; Cholecystitis; Chronic Disease; Hepatitis; Humans; Muramidase; Oropharynx; Saliva

Topics: Adolescent; Bile; Biliary Dyskinesia; Child; Child, Preschool; Cholecystitis; Enzyme Activation; Female; Giardiasis; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Male; Muramidase; Opisthorchiasis

Topics: Bile; Biliary Tract Diseases; Child; Cholecystitis; Hepatitis; Humans; Muramidase

As a result of studies of the complement and serum lysozyme titra, as well as its bactericide index in 250 patients with cholecystitis, it was found that inflammatory lesions of the bile outflow system were accompanied with a considerable reduction of humoral indices of natural immunity, the degree of this decrease being dependent on a gravity of the disease clinical course and a duration of the inflammatory process. Prompt normalization of the immune response factors postoperatively indicated the favourable outcome. Persistant inhibition of the humoral factors activity in most patients preceded the development of clinical signs of complications.

Topics: Cholecystectomy; Cholecystitis; Complement System Proteins; Humans; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Postoperative Complications; Time Factors

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bile; Cholecystitis; Chronic Disease; Complement System Proteins; Humans; Muramidase; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Prodigiosin; Serratia marcescens