muramidase and Carcinoma

Topics: Adult; Animals; Bence Jones Protein; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Calcium; Carcinoma; Electrolytes; Fanconi Syndrome; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Multiple Myeloma; Muramidase; Neoplasms; Nephrotic Syndrome; Phosphorus; Potassium; Proteinuria; Sodium

We describe a Paneth cell carcinoma arising within the ampulla of Vater in a 64-year-old man. The phenotype of virtually all neoplastic cells was consistent with that of Paneth cells, based on routine morphology and their strong positive immunostaining for lysozyme. Additional widespread positive immunostaining for carcinoembryonic antigen and CA 19.9 supports a totipotential cell as the origin of such neoplastic cells. This case, therefore, represents a true Paneth cell carcinoma, as opposed to inclusion of occasional neoplastic Paneth cells into a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. This pattern of differentiation is rare, and predictions regarding its ultimate biological behavior and malignant potential must be guarded.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Ampulla of Vater; Biomarkers, Tumor; CA-19-9 Antigen; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Carcinoma; Cell Differentiation; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; Cholelithiasis; Common Bile Duct Neoplasms; Diagnostic Errors; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Pancreaticoduodenectomy; Paneth Cells; Totipotent Stem Cells

Acinic cell-like breast carcinoma is a newly recognized entity, and few acinic cell-like breast carcinoma cases have been reported. All reported acinic cell-like breast carcinomas were counterparts of the solid type of acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary gland. We report here three cases of secretory breast carcinoma with acinic cell differentiation, and discuss the similarity between secretory breast carcinoma and acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary gland.. The cases were histologically identical to acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary gland: papillary-cystic type in case 1, a mixture of papillary-cystic, microcystic and follicular type in case 2, and microfollicular type in case 3. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells were positive for salivary-type amylase, lysozyme, S100 protein and alpha 1-antitrypsin, and negative or less reactive for gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 and oestrogen receptor. All three cases did not reveal metastasis or recurrence.. These cases were typical of secretory breast carcinoma, and were clinically, histologically and immunohistochemically analogous to acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary gland. We emphasize that secretory breast carcinoma and acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary gland may be identical lesions.

Topics: Adult; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Amylases; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Acinar Cell; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunohistochemistry; Middle Aged; Muramidase; S100 Proteins; Salivary Gland Neoplasms

Here we evaluate the expression and prognostic value of lysozyme, a milk protein that is also synthesized by a significant percentage of breast carcinomas, in women with breast cancer.. Lysozyme expression was examined by immunohistochemical methods in a series of 177 breast cancer tissue sections. Staining was quantified by using the HSCORE system, which considers both the intensity and the percentage of cells staining at each intensity. The prognostic value of lysozyme was retrospectively evaluated by multivariate analysis that took into account conventional prognostic factors.. A total of 126 of 177 carcinomas (69.4%) stained positive for this protein, but there were clear differences among them with regard to the intensity and percentage of stained cells. Lysozyme values were higher in well-differentiated and moderately differentiated tumors than in poorly differentiated tumors (P < .05). Similarly, lysozyme levels were higher in small and node-negative tumors than in large and node-positive tumors (P < .05). Moreover, results indicated that low lysozyme content predicted shorter relapse-free survival and overall survival (P < .005). Separate Cox multivariate analysis in subgroups of patients as defined by node status showed that lysozyme expression was an independent prognostic factor able to predict both relapse-free survival and overall survival in node-negative patients (P < .05).. Tumoral expression of lysozyme is associated with lesions of favorable evolution in breast cancer. This milk protein may be a new prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy, Needle; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lymphatic Metastasis; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Muramidase; Probability; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards Models; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Survival Analysis

A case of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) of the palate in a 72-year-old Japanese man is described. The patient had noticed swelling of the palate commencing about 20 years previously. Histologically, the tumor consisted of a proliferation of double-layered duct-like structures with two distinctive cell types. The inner layer was composed of eosinophilic epithelial cells, while the outer layer was composed of clear cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that reaction products for total keratin were predominantly found in the cytoplasm of the inner epithelial cells, while those for S-100 protein and smooth muscle actin were observed only in the outer cells. Immunoreactive products for secretory component and lysozyme were found in some of the luminal contents and the inner cells of the tumor nests. These findings indicated this tumor to be an EMC of the palate, which had shown no aggressiveness over a twenty-year period prior to surgical excision.

Topics: Actins; Aged; Carcinoma; Cell Division; Cytoplasm; Epithelium; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Male; Muramidase; Palatal Neoplasms; S100 Proteins; Secretory Component

Lysozyme (hen egg-white lysozyme) and its derivative mPEG-lyso (lysozyme coupled with polyoxyethyleneglycol) were tested in CBA mice bearing MCa mammary carcinoma for their effects on intestinal mucosal immunity (GALT) and mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes (MLNL), after oral administration. Following a cycle of administration of 100 mg/kg/day lysozyme or 350 mg/kg/day mPEG-lyso for 9 consecutive days, GALT was analyzed by using optical histology, and mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes were studied by cytofluorimetric analysis of CD3, CD4 and CD8 antigens, and of DNA and RNA content following in vitro culture with concanavalin A. Both lysozymes significantly increase the number of lymphatic nodules on gut epithelium as determined by histological analysis of sections of small bowel. mPEG-lyso, unlike native lysozyme, gives protection from the decline of the blastogenic activity of MLNL observed at early stages of tumor growth, as shown by the increased nucleic acid content of these cells. On the same cells, both lysozyme and mPEG-lyso also seem to prevent the decline of CD4+ cells observed during tumor growth in control animals. These data confirm the effects of lysozyme on GALT and show that the new lysozyme derivative mPEG-lyso has effects on host immunity greater than those of the native molecule.

Topics: Animals; Carcinoma; Digestive System; DNA, Neoplasm; Female; Lymph Nodes; Lymphocyte Activation; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Mesentery; Mice; Mice, Inbred CBA; Muramidase; Phenotype; RNA, Neoplasm; T-Lymphocytes; Tumor Cells, Cultured

The present study was undertaken to elucidate the relationship between the distribution of potentially proliferative tumor cells and the organoid differentiation of tumor cells in gastric carcinomas. One hundred four specimens of surgically removed human gastric carcinomas, including 68 and 36 specimens of early and advanced carcinomas, respectively, were studied by using a battery of histochemical techniques. Serial 3-microns thick paraffin sections were stained by galactose oxidase-cold thionine Schiff-paradoxical concanavalin A staining (GOCTS-PCS), or were immunostained for pepsinogen types I and II, lysozyme, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). In addition, to identify proliferative tumor cells parts of fresh carcinoma tissues were incubated in a solution containing bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), embedded in paraffin, and immunostained for BrdU. The results indicated that in intramucosal carcinoma tissues showing organoid differentiation the proliferative tumor cells were located predominantly between the covering epithelial cell type tumor cells and the glandular mucous cell type tumor cells, and the disturbance in the distribution of proliferative cells coincided with the submucosal invasion.

Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Bromodeoxyuridine; Carcinoma; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Gastric Mucosa; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Muramidase; Organoids; Pepsinogens; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Stomach Neoplasms

The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between the clinicopathological findings in two histologic types of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater. We histologically classified carcinoma of the papilla into two types: 1) an intestinal type that resembles tubular adenocarcinoma of the stomach or colon, and 2) a pancreaticobiliary type that is characterized by papillary projections with scant fibrous cores. We examined 53 cases of resected carcinoma of the papilla. The intestinal-type carcinomas were similar to the intestinal mucosa in that they had lysozyme-containing, Paneth or argyrophil cells, as demonstrated by the immunohistochemically positive stainings for the anti-lysozyme antibody. Although both the sizes of the two types of carcinomas and the age distributions of cases with the two types of carcinoma were almost the same, the prognosis of the cases with the intestinal type was much better than that of the cases with the pancreaticobiliary type. Histological lymph node metastasis was found significantly more often in the pancreaticobiliary type. This result was supported by the fact that small carcinomas of the intestinal type showed little or no invasion into the surrounding interstitium, as opposed to the pancreaticobiliary type, which had a strong infiltrative tendency. The pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater should be further evaluated, taking into consideration the existence of these two histologic types.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ampulla of Vater; Carcinoma; Common Bile Duct Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestinal Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Prognosis; Staining and Labeling; Survival Analysis; Survival Rate

In order to identify expression of RNA transcripts for a number of important tracheobronchial cell products and molecules, we developed simple reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. Assays included the RNA for two apomucins (MUC1 and MUC2), secretory component, secretory leukocyte inhibitor protein, lysozyme, lactoferrin, 15-lipoxygenase, and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. We tested RNA of normal and neoplastic origin. Sources of normal tissue included human tracheal surface epithelial cells and tracheobronchial submucosal tissues, acutely isolated human tracheal surface epithelial and tracheobronchial gland acini, and confluent cultures of human tracheal epithelial and tracheobronchial gland cells. Sources of neoplastic tissue included cell lines of non-small cell carcinomas of the lung. RNA expression was correlated with protein expression as assessed by immunocytochemistry. Tracheal surface epithelial tissues, isolated cells and cultures, and tracheobronchial submucosal tissues expressed RNA transcripts for all of the RNA transcripts assayed. Isolated gland acini and cultured gland cells expressed all RNA transcripts except 15-lipoxygenase. Expression of RNA transcripts by non-small cell lung carcinomas was heterogeneous and not necessarily influenced by histopathologic type. In most instances, RNA expression predicted expression of immunocytochemically detectable protein. These RT-PCR assays are useful for characterizing the molecular phenotype of cell cultures derived from normal or neoplastic airway epithelium and for establishing the potential of cultured cells for functional studies.

Topics: Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase; Base Sequence; Carcinoma; Cells, Cultured; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; DNA Primers; Epithelium; Gene Expression; Lactoferrin; Lung Neoplasms; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Mucins; Muramidase; Phenotype; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; Proteins; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; RNA, Messenger; Secretory Component; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; Trachea

One hundred and twenty-eight cases of gastric carcinoma were examined with immunohistochemical technic for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), serotonin, gastrin and lysozyme. CEA were observed in 105 cases. Twenty-four cases were positive for HCG, 53 cases for serotonin, 31 cases for gastrin, 89 cases for lysozyme. Sixty-nine cases exhibited more than two hormones or one hormone and lysozyme simultaneously in different cells of the same tumor. Ultrastructurally, sometimes three types of secretory granules were noticed. The electron dense granules in the lysozyme-containing tumor cells were similar to those of Paneth's cells in intestinal metaplasia. The positive rates of the above three hormones, lysozyme and multi-marker expression in diffuse type carcinoma were higher than those in intestinal type, and 42/44 cases of the diffuse type carcinoma were histologically undifferentiated carcinomas or signet-ring cell carcinomas. Lymph node metastasis occurred more frequently in those carcinomas with hormone or lysozyme positivity. These findings suggest that these neoplastic endocrine cells and Paneth's cells have originated from multipotential differentiation of neoplastic stem cells in the stomach, reflecting the state of the gene activity in the tumor cells.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Carcinoma; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Gastrins; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lymphatic Metastasis; Muramidase; Neoplasm Staging; Serotonin; Stomach Neoplasms

We report two cases of osteoclast-like giant cell tumour of urinary bladder associated with papillary transitional cell tumours. Both cases were morphologically identical to giant cell tumour of bone. The giant cells stained strongly for acid phosphatase which was resistant to tartrate digestion, a staining reaction typical of osteoclasts. In view of the ability of urinary bladder to induce metaplastic and neoplastic bone, we believe that these tumours may represent extraosseous giant cell tumours of bone.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mucin-1; Muramidase; Osteoclasts; S100 Proteins; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Vimentin

Ninety-two cases of adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder were classified into the metaplastic or non-metaplastic type, based on the presence or absence of metaplastic changes in the tumour tissues. The differences in biological characteristics were compared between these tumour types. The metaplastic type was more common than the non-metaplastic type in females and the survival rate in this type was better than that in the non-metaplastic type. The modes of tumour spread also differed, the metaplastic type frequently showed lymphatic metastasis, whereas the non-metaplastic type often metastasized by direct invasion. The difference in prognosis might be explained by the different modes of tumour spread. This classification corresponded well to that of gastric carcinoma into intestinal type and diffuse type and the results suggest that it might provide a basis for evaluating various aspects of gallbladder carcinoma.

Topics: Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma; Female; Gallbladder Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Metaplasia; Middle Aged; Models, Theoretical; Muramidase; Prognosis; Time Factors

Immunohistochemical expression of 8 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinomas (G-I, 3 cases; G-II, 2 cases; and G-III, 3 cases) revealed marked heterogeneity of the proteins examined. Immunohistochemically detectable keratins (TK, KL1, and PKK1) were distributed in epidermoid cells, but were absent in mucous secreting cells. Strongly positive deposits of keratin proteins were detected in squamoid tumor cells in the G-I tumors. The tumor cells displayed positive staining for S-100 alpha, but did not stain with polyclonal S-100 antiserum or with monoclonal S-100 beta. The cells showing highest reactivity for S-100 protein were scattered in neoplastic foci and were probably Langerhans cells. Lactoferrin and lysozyme reactions were generally negative in tumor foci; but a positive reaction for lactoferrin was found in luminal tumor cells although rarely, and lysozyme staining was occasionally noted in histiocytes in the stroma. Amylase activity was usually absent in the tumor cells, with the exception of one case in which it was confined to the tumor cells. Mucoepidermoid carcinomas of various grades indicated marked heterogeneity in terms of various immunohistochemically detectable proteins.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amylases; Carcinoma; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Keratins; Lactoferrin; Lactoglobulins; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; S100 Proteins; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Staining and Labeling

Five cases of gastric carcinoma of undifferentiated (gastric) type containing Paneth-like cells were studied by immunoelectron microscopy for lysozyme using two methods. The Paneth-like cells in these carcinomas had lost their cellular polarity and possessed electron-dense granules. These granules varied in size (0.5-3 micron in diameter), electron density and shape. Post-embedding method revealed immunolocalization of lysozyme in these granules in all cases, similar to that in normal Paneth cells. Pre-embedding method showed immunoreactivity diffusely or focally located in the cytoplasm, but this approach was unable to reveal immunoreactivity in the granules, a feature also common to normal cells. Our study therefore confirmed that Paneth-like carcinoma cells and normal Paneth cells had the same features, and indicated that undifferentiated-type gastric carcinoma could possess specially differentiated cells, providing further support that such carcinoma could express multipotentiality. The difference in the results obtained by the two immunoelectron microscopy methods was discussed.

Topics: Carcinoma; Cytoplasmic Granules; Humans; Immunologic Techniques; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Stomach Neoplasms; Tissue Distribution

Immunohistochemical analysis of 21 prototypic mucosal spindle-cell carcinomas of the aerodigestive tract was performed at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) to establish the usefulness of selected immunohistochemical markers in distinguishing spindle-cell carcinoma from other mucosal spindle-cell neoplasms. Immunoreactive keratin could be demonstrated in only 13/21 (62%) of cases. Coexpression of keratin and vimentin was demonstrated in 10/17 (59%) of the tumors evaluated for both of these intermediate filaments. All spindle-cell carcinomas lacked S100 protein, which is an immunoreactivity we would expect to find in spindle-cell malignant melanoma, one of the principal considerations in a differential diagnosis. Both alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) were demonstrated in the tumor cells in all cases. However, albumin had a similar distribution in the tumors, which suggested that passive uptake was a serious confusing factor. The results of this study indicate that AAT and ACT are unreliable markers for distinguishing spindle-cell carcinomas from malignant fibrous histiocytomas.

Topics: Aged; alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoma; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Keratins; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; S100 Proteins; Serum Albumin; Vimentin

Infiltration of Langerhans cells (LC) and macrophages into tumor tissues was investigated using immunohistochemical methods, anti-S-100 protein and anti-lysozyme antibodies in 174 cases of gastric carcinoma. Varying population densities of S-100-positive LC were noted in tumor tissues; lysozyme-positive macrophages, however, were found in almost equal quantities. LC were mainly interspersed among the tumor cells, whereas macrophages were present in the stroma and around the necrotic foci. Although the survival time of patients with Stage I, II or IV gastric carcinoma did not relate to the density of LC, survival time in Stage III patients correlated well with the density of LC. In patients with a marked infiltration of LC, survival time was longer than in cases of only a slight infiltration (P less than 0.001). Therefore, LC in immunological defense mechanisms of the host against the tumor may be clinically effective in a certain phase of tumor development.

Topics: Carcinoma; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Langerhans Cells; Macrophages; Muramidase; Prognosis; S100 Proteins; Stomach Neoplasms

A clonal neoplastic epithelial duct cell (HSGc) of human salivary gland origin has a fine structure similar to the intercalated duct cell and the capacity to express secretory component and lactoferrin. HSGc cells tend to form an occasional glandular arrangement in vitro and in vivo, and transplantation of cells into nude mice resulted in production of adenocarcinoma. By repeated single cell cloning, different types of clones could be isolated from HSGc. Cuboidal clones resemble the parent cell, but fail to form the glandular arrangement or express lactoferrin, suggesting a less differentiated type. Elongated clones have a fine structure similar to myoepithelial cells and carry myoepithelial markers such as S100 protein, actin, and myosin which are not detected in the HSGc and its cuboidal clones. These myoepithelial-like clones are able to express secretory component, lactoferrin, and lysozyme and to produce glycosaminoglycans, suggesting that they are a functionally active form of the neoplastic cell but different from the normal myoepithelial cell. Judging from their growth properties in vitro and in vivo, the myoepithelial-like clones are less malignant than HSGc or its cuboidal clones. Of four elongated clones, two did not produce tumors in athymic mice, while all of the cuboidal clones were tumorigenic. These findings suggest a possible conversion of the neoplastic duct cell to myoepithelial-like variants with low malignancy.

Topics: Actins; Adenocarcinoma; Antigens; Carcinoma; Cell Cycle; Cell Line; Cell Separation; Clone Cells; Epithelium; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Keratins; Lactoferrin; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Myosins; S100 Proteins; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Secretory Component

Serum lysozyme activity (SLA) was measured in a turbidimetric assay with a microcentrifugal analyzer. In a control group of 53 healthy dogs of both sexes and ranging in age from 4 to 10 years, SLA had a mean value of 1.2 mg/l with a range (+/- 2 SD) of 0.6 - 1.8 mg/l. In 80 dogs with a variety of neoplastic diseases the histopathological diagnosis was compared with the SLA value. SLA value was increased in 83% of the cases with malignant tumors and in 29% of the cases with benign tumors. Proper clinical examination is essential in differentiating between neoplastic disease and some interfering diseases, e.g. chronic dermatitis, pyometra and chronic nephritis. Measuring of SLA in dogs may be helpful in screening those animals with suspected malignancies.

Topics: Adenoma; Animals; Carcinoma; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Immunodiffusion; Male; Mammary Glands, Animal; Melanoma; Muramidase; Neoplasms; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; Reference Values; Sarcoma; Skin Neoplasms; Soft Tissue Neoplasms

Antisera of several secretory products of the salivary gland were used to investigate the histogenesis of acinic cell tumors and mixed salivary gland tumors for comparison. Amylase, lactoferrin, secretory piece, and proline-rich protein (PRP) immunoreactivity was detected in the majority of acinic cell tumors; staining was focal, except for PRP, which was diffuse. Lysozyme immunoreactivity was rare. There was discordance for immunoreactivity with several antisera in identifiable tumor lobules of half of the neoplasms. An antikeratin serum outlined microcystic and follicular areas but rarely solid foci. These findings support the contention that acinic cell tumors derive from a tubular type stem cell. Lactoferrin and secretory piece immunoreactivity was not common in mixed tumors and was confined to scattered ductal cells and luminal contents. Rare small foci of amylase and PRP immunoreactivity were found in two mixed tumors only.

Topics: Adenoma, Pleomorphic; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amylases; Carcinoma; Female; Humans; Immunochemistry; Keratins; Lactoferrin; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Peptides; Proline-Rich Protein Domains; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Staining and Labeling

A protein-free synthetic cell-growth medium has been defined that permits long-term survival (greater than 120 days) of an established human colon tumor cell line, HT-29. Viability is dependent upon both the concentration of L-glutamine in the medium and the cell density at the time of initial transfer into it. Cell proliferation is minimal, thus obviating the necessity for subculturing. HT-29 adenocarcinoma cells maintained in large-scale culture with this medium continue to secrete the established colon tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen as well as growth factors and lysozyme. These and, potentially, other important tumor-derived products can therefore be generated continuously in such cultures so that they can be isolated from a conditioned medium free of contaminating serum and protein supplements.

Topics: Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Carcinoma; Cell Line; Colonic Neoplasms; Culture Media; Fibrosarcoma; Glutamine; Growth Substances; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Muramidase; Proteins

The distribution of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), secretory component (SC), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), J-chain, and lysozyme in tumors of minor salivary glands was investigated using an immunoperoxidase method. Although CEA was demonstrated in both benign and malignant tumors, its distribution was relatively more common and with increased staining intensity in malignant tissues. In pleomorphic adenomas, the distribution of SC was similar to that of IgA and J-chain, suggesting the presence of secretory IgA in the epithelial cells. However, some neoplastic epithelial cells contained SC but not IgA and J-chain. No IgM was detected in such cells. Lysozyme could be demonstrated only in pleomorphic adenomas. Mucoepidermoid tumors and adenoidcystic carcinomas were negative for lysozyme. These findings suggest that some neoplastic ductal epithelial cells of pleomorphic adenomas retain functional characteristics of normal epithelial cells.

Topics: Adenoma, Pleomorphic; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin J-Chains; Immunoglobulin M; Immunologic Techniques; Muramidase; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Salivary Glands; Salivary Glands, Minor; Secretory Component

A case of gastric carcinoma mostly composed of cells with histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of Paneth cells prompted a comparative investigation of the occurrence of similar cells in gastric, colorectal and mammary carcinomas. Cells containing lysozyme were demonstrated by the immunoperoxidase-PAP technique in 34.9% of 83 gastric carcinomas. They were found in 38% of intestinal-type and in 30% of diffuse-type tumours. Paneth-type granules were demonstrated ultrastructurally in 4 of 7 carcinomas in which lysozyme had been demonstrated immunohistochemically. No lysozyme was demonstrated in a series of 30 breast carcinomas and in only 1 of 27 cases of colorectal neoplasm. The possibility of using lysozyme as a marker for some carcinomas of gastric origin is considered.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Stomach Neoplasms

The light microscopic, electron microscopic and histochemical features of a highly malignant colonic tumor resected from a 39 year old man are presented. The tumor was composed predominantly of undifferentiated cells with focally admixed neuroendocrine, exocrine and squamous cells, occasionally arranged in an organoid manner. Histochemically the tumor contained argyrophilic cells as well as cells that reacted positively with the antibodies to alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, carcinoembryonic antigen and lysozyme. The term "stem cell carcinoma of the intestine" is proposed for this highly malignant tumor composed of undifferentiated cells exhibiting only focally their multidirectional developmental capacity.

Topics: Adult; alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Carcinoma; Chymotrypsin; Colonic Neoplasms; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunologic Techniques; Keratins; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Staining and Labeling

In a collection of parotid gland tumors the presence of different antigens was studied by immuno-histochemical methods. The series was composed of different tumors: adeno- and cystadenocarcinomas, adenoid-cystic carcinomas, salivary duct carcinomas, mucoepidermoid tumors, squamous cell carcinomas and anaplastic carcinomas. The following substances were studied: 1. Substances normally present in salivary glands like lysozyme and lactoferrin. 2. Oncofetal antigens: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). 3. Different classes of intermediate-sized filaments: prekeratin and vimentin. The presence of lactoferrin and carcinoembryonic antigen could be demonstrated in the glandular differentiated tumors, whereas the squamous cell carcinomas, although CEA positive, were lactoferrin negative. The anaplastic carcinomas were negative for lactoferrin and CEA. Lysozyme and AFP could not be demonstrated in the tumors of our material. Mucoepidermoid tumors and squamous cell carcinomas were clearly positive for prekeratin filaments whereas the stromal part showed a vimentin filaments in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts. These antigens provide a useful tool to distinguish between the epithelial and mesenchymal tumors.

Topics: alpha-Fetoproteins; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Carcinoma; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lactoferrin; Muramidase; Parotid Neoplasms

Breast carcinoma with multinucleated reactive stromal giant cells is a rare histological type. The number of published cases, to which we add two new cases, is too small for it to be possible to reach a conclusion as to whether this type of complaint, for which the authors put forward morphological criteria, should or should not be considered as an anatomoclinical entity. The diagnosis can be made as soon as cytological examination has shown a large number of multinucleated giant cells associated with carcinomatous cells. Ultrastructural study confirms the macrophagic origin of the giant cells but does not show any macrophagic activity.

Topics: alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Chymotrypsin; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Middle Aged; Muramidase

Lactoferrin and lysozyme, parts of the non-specific defense system, were studied in normal and diseased parotid glands, using the immunohistochemical PAP-method. 31 normal and inflamed glands were investigated. The presence of lactoferrin and lysozyme was demonstrated in the acinar cells and some duct cells. The amount of these substances was increased in obstructive parotitis. The 52 carcinomas showed a distinct distribution pattern for lactoferrin (positive cases: adenocarcinomas 5 of 8; cystadenocarcinoma: 3 of 5; adenoid cystic carcinomas 2 of 4; salivary duct carcinomas 2 of 3). Some of the carcinomas in pleomorphic adenomas were positive for lactoferrin. Squamous cell carcinomas and anaplastic carcinomas were constantly negative. All carcinomas were negative for lysozyme. These observations are discussed with respect to their physiological and pathological significance.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenoma, Pleomorphic; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cystadenocarcinoma; Humans; Lactoferrin; Lactoglobulins; Muramidase; Parotid Neoplasms; Parotitis

A prospective study was conducted to define the content, significance, and source of lysozyme present in the pleural fluid in human diseases. The pleural fluid lysozyme activity is similar in various malignant and nonmalignant transudates and exudates, and is of limited diagnostic value. The pleural fluid activity correlated well with that of paired serum samples but it had poor correlation with the disease state, the pleural fluid granulocyte counts, and total white blood cell counts. The data suggest that the pleural fluid lysozyme may be derived primarily from the blood and that it is not the product of inflammatory or neoplastic cells in the fluid itself.

Topics: Carcinoma; Female; Granulocytes; Heart Failure; Humans; Leukemia; Liver Cirrhosis; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphoma; Male; Muramidase; Pleural Effusion

Topics: Animals; Carcinoma; Cyclophosphamide; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; DNA, Neoplasm; Drug Resistance; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Muramidase; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats; RNA, Neoplasm; Sulfhydryl Compounds

Topics: Adenoma; Carcinoma; Creatinine; Dysgerminoma; Female; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Multiple Myeloma; Muramidase; Ovarian Neoplasms; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Penile Neoplasms; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms; Vaginal Neoplasms

Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Carcinoma; Cell Line; Chick Embryo; Culture Techniques; Embryo, Mammalian; Fibroblasts; Haplorhini; HeLa Cells; Histiocytes; Humans; Kidney; L Cells; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Leukocytes; Lung; Macrophages; Mice; Muramidase; Muscles; Rats; Skin

Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Carcinoma; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Lymphatic Diseases; Muramidase; Neoplasms