muramidase and Brain-Injuries

The macrophage markers non-specific esterase, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and lysozyme were compared with conventional microglial and macrophage stains in the human central nervous system. In a series of specimens from cases of head trauma, conventionally fixed and embedded, the modified Weil-Davenport stain was unequivocally best for demonstrating reactive microglia. alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, however, was the most effective for showing macrophages in a series of specimens from patients with other conditions, which included inflammatory, neoplastic, and non-inflammatory diseases. The non-specific esterase reaction was unsatisfactory in tissues fixed in neutral formalin but was successful in fresh frozen tissue. In a series of specimens from cases of multiple sclerosis, non-specific esterase showed demyelination clearly and stained neuronal cytoplasm. It also stained macrophages but was less satisfactory for lipid-bearing phagocytes in multiple sclerosis than oil red 0.

Topics: alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Brain Injuries; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Central Nervous System; Central Nervous System Diseases; Chymotrypsin; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Macrophages; Muramidase; Neuroglia; Palatine Tonsil; Staining and Labeling

Sixty-four patients were examined clinically and immunologically at a long-term period following craniocerebral trauma. In patients with a history of head trauma impaired adaptation mechanisms were shown to underlie the neurologic disorders, which was reflected in changes in the natural immunity system. The severity and duration of natural resistance impairments were correlated with the gravity of clinical manifestations. The study of the time-course of natural resistance parameters allows the objective evaluation of the degree of central nervous system recovery following closed craniocerebral trauma.

Topics: Acute Disease; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Brain Injuries; Complement System Proteins; Diencephalon; Extrapyramidal Tracts; Humans; Lysine; Mesencephalon; Muramidase

Topics: Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Blood Proteins; Brain Injuries; Complement System Proteins; Hemagglutinins; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Muramidase; Proteins; Shock, Traumatic

Topics: Brain Injuries; Brain Neoplasms; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Craniopharyngioma; Glioma; Humans; Meningioma; Muramidase; Neurilemmoma; Neuroblastoma; Vestibulocochlear Nerve