muramidase and Anemia

The immune response of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, to a natural infection by the copepod parasite Lernanthropus kroyeri was evaluated for the first time in vivo. The results clearly demonstrated the triggering of the fish immune system by the parasite. Lysozyme activity and alternative complement pathway were involved in the early action against the parasitical infection, whilst classical complement and respiratory burst (RB) activity took over in the later stages of infection. It was hypothesized that the levels of alternative and classical complement and RB stimulation indexes may determine the resistance capacity of the fish to the parasite. It is not clear how parasites can survive despite the strong immunological arsenal deployed by the fish. The continual increase of prevalence and severity of parasite infection suggested that the parasite's mechanism of evasion of the immune system was extremely successful. The contrasting decrease in the negative effects of parasites on the fish health (such as gills anaemia) suggested that an equilibrium between the parasites and their hosts was reached in chronic infection. These dynamic interactions between parasites and fish hosts were probably the main determinant of host specificity.

Topics: Anemia; Animals; Bass; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Complement System Proteins; Copepoda; Female; Fish Diseases; Fisheries; Gills; Greece; Host-Parasite Interactions; Immunity, Innate; Male; Muramidase; Nitric Oxide; Respiratory Burst

Topics: Aged; Anemia; Bone Marrow; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Middle Aged; Mortality; Muramidase; Splenomegaly; Thrombocytopenia

Blood lysozyme estimation seems to be important in hematological practice. Serum levels are roughly proportional to the size of the pool and, above all, granulocytic renewal. Thus levels are increased compared with levels of circulating polynuclear cells. In bone marrow disorders, and particularly in myelofibrosis, owing to the infective granulopoiesis and/or increased destruction of the neutrophil polymorphs. It is lowered in neutropenia with a scanty bone marrow. It provides an important contribution to diagnosis of the type of acute leukemia, the fall in the lymphoblastic forms contrast with normal or increased levels in myeloblastic forms. Finally, there is a marked increase in lysosome urea in acute monocytic or myelomonocytic leukemia.

Topics: Anemia; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Granulocytes; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Leukemia; Leukocyte Count; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Polycythemia Vera; Prognosis; Splenomegaly

Topics: Aged; Anemia; Chronic Disease; Female; Hepatomegaly; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukopenia; Muramidase; Reticulocytes; Splenomegaly

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Anemia; Child; Cytarabine; DNA, Neoplasm; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Nausea; Remission, Spontaneous; Sex Factors; Thioguanine; Thrombocytopenia; Time Factors; Vomiting

Topics: Adult; Anemia; Anemia, Sideroblastic; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemoid Reaction; Leukocytosis; Monocytes; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Polycythemia Vera; Primary Myelofibrosis

Topics: Acute Disease; Age Factors; Aged; Agranulocytosis; Anemia; Bone Marrow Examination; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Ecchymosis; Erythropoiesis; Female; Hematocrit; Humans; Iron; Leukemia; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Splenomegaly; Syndrome; Thrombocytopenia

Topics: Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anemia; Autopsy; Bone Marrow Cells; Chromosomes; Humans; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytosis; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Neutrophils

Topics: Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anemia; Blood Cell Count; Bone Marrow Examination; Female; Hematocrit; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Anemia; Blood Cell Count; Bone Marrow Examination; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hematocrit; Humans; Infections; Karyotyping; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase

Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Anemia; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Humans; Leukocytes; Muramidase; Prognosis