muramidase and Anaphylaxis

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Asthma; Complement System Proteins; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Interferons; Lactoferrin; Leukocytes; Lung; Macrophages; Muramidase; Phagocytosis; Reagins; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Sarcoidosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Aminopeptidases; Amylases; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Catalase; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Deoxyribonucleases; Diuresis; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Enzymes; Esterases; Fibrinolytic Agents; Glycoside Hydrolases; Humans; Kallikreins; Kidney Diseases; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Muramidase; Myocardial Infarction; Pepsinogens; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Proteinuria; Rats; Ribonucleases; Sulfatases; Transaminases; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Carbohydrates; Egg White; Fibrinolysin; Globulins; Histamine; Hormones; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Kinins; Mast Cells; Muramidase; Neuraminic Acids; Ovalbumin; Pancreas; Rats; Serotonin; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Child; Child, Preschool; Eczema; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Muramidase; Skin Tests

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Biochemical Phenomena; Biochemistry; Enzymes; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Muramidase; Physiology

Lysozyme chloride is a bactericidal substance that is included as an active ingredient in many medicines and quasi-drugs. We experienced a case of anaphylactic reaction caused by deodorant spray-containing lysozyme chloride.. The patient was a 10-year-old girl who had an egg allergy. She visited an emergency department because of urticaria, wheezing, dyspnea, and pallor after she used deodorant spray that contained lysozyme chloride derived from hen's egg white. Results for deodorant spray and lysozyme chloride were positive in both skin prick tests and basophil activation tests. According to the medical history and the results, her condition was diagnosed as an anaphylactic reaction to lysozyme chloride in the deodorant spray.. Although ingredient labelling is obligatory for lysozyme chloride in quasi-drugs, lysozyme chloride is not often described to be derived from egg white. It is important to alert patients with egg allergy to avoid lysozyme chloride-containing products.

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Chickens; Chlorides; Deodorants; Egg Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Muramidase

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Chlorides; Deodorants; Humans; Muramidase

This paper reports the case of an egg-allergic pediatric patient who, once desensitized to egg following a successful rush oral immunotherapy protocol, could also tolerate Lizipaina®, a drug containing lysozyme (LYS) and papain, which had previously caused him a severe allergic reaction. Because the LYS amount that elicited the anaphylactic reaction (5 mg) was much lower than that tolerated during a double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (corresponding to approximately 60 mg of LYS), the possibility that the presence of papain could increase the allergenic potential of LYS was investigated.. Lizipaina, LYS and LYS hydrolyzed with papain were analyzed by SDS-PAGE under reducing and nonreducing conditions, and Western blotting of sera from egg-allergic patients was performed in order to detect IgE-binding fragments. Finally, sequence identification of the IgE-reactive bands was carried out by MALDI-TOF/TOF.. The SDS-PAGE pattern of LYS treated with papain under nonreducing conditions showed the presence of intact LYS that partially disappeared following reduction with β-mercaptoethanol, releasing IgE-reactive fragments as determined by Western blotting. MALDI-TOF/TOF revealed that papain degraded LYS, giving rise to three IgE-binding fragments: LYS (22-129), LYS (34-96) and LYS (62-128) that likely remained linked through the disulfide bonds present in the LYS molecule.. The combined administration of LYS with proteolytic enzymes such as papain may have developed a severe allergic reaction in the patient studied, underlining the importance of considering all the components and their interactions when drugs are to be consumed by allergic persons.

Topics: Adolescent; Amino Acid Sequence; Anaphylaxis; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Egg Hypersensitivity; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Muramidase; Papain; Peptide Fragments

Oral immunotherapy for food allergy has been the focus of a lot of attention recently. The patients have to eat allergenic food instead of eliminating it in this therapy and there is no established standard method yet. To promote clear understanding and improvement of oral immunotherapy, the present study using B10.A mice investigated the effect of multiple oral administration of a model antigen, egg-white lysozyme, on both the antibody response and the anaphylactic reaction induced by subsequent administration of lysozyme. Various doses of egg-white lysozyme (0-100 mg/mouse) were administered to mice intragastrically for 6 d; then additional lysozyme was administered via the intraperitoneal route in all groups. Lysozyme-specific antibody responses were promptly induced by the first oral administration and enhanced by intraperitoneal administration. An anaphylactic reaction was further induced in these sensitized mice by intragastric administration of lysozyme, and the symptoms of shock were compared in order to evaluate the effects of pretreatment. Interestingly, the decrease in rectal temperature which is one of the common anaphylactic symptoms in mice was suppressed in all of the oral pre-administration groups, and the effects were highest in the group that received 20 mg. Consequently, this study using B10.A mice has shown that sensitization can be induced by intragastric administration of lysozyme instead of oral tolerance; however, anaphylactic shock induced by subsequent intragastric administration of lysozyme is suppressed. This mouse model would be useful for assessing the method of oral immunotherapy.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Egg White; Female; Food Hypersensitivity; Immunotherapy; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Muramidase

There are over 200 food additives that have been approved in Finland. They are being used in order to improve preservability, flavor, appearance and texture. Some of them may cause hypersensitivity reactions, the most common being anaphylactic reactions, urticaria and exacerbation of asthma. Such reactions are, however, very rare. Anaphylactic reactions and other symptoms have resulted from carmine, lysozyme, acetic acid and acetates, gums of plant origin, sulfites and tartrazine.

Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Anaphylaxis; Carmine; Food Additives; Humans; Muramidase; Plant Gums; Sulfites; Tartrazine

The anti-anaphylactic and anti-pruritic activities of a 35% EtOH extract (IT) of the flowers of Impatiens textori MIQ. were investigated by in vivo assay. IT and apigenin (1), apigenin 7-glucoside (2) and luteolin (3), principal compounds from IT, inhibited compound 48/80 (COM)-induced by blood pressure (BP) decrease, which was an immunoglobulin (Ig)E-independent anaphylaxis-like response. Compounds 1-3 all inhibited BP decrease induced by IgE-dependent anaphylaxis. Furthermore, IT also inhibited the blood flow (BF) decrease induced by antigen-induced anaphylaxis in actively sensitized mice. IT showed a significant inhibitory effect on scratching behavior induced by COM without a central depressant. IT also significantly inhibited platelet activating factor (PAF)- and serotonin (5-HT)-induced scratching behavior and mitigated protease (PA)-induced scratching behavior. These findings showed that the flowers of I. textori can be utilized as an anti-anaphylactic and anti-pruritic agent in addition to the traditional applications of this plant.

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Blood Pressure; Flowers; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Immunoglobulin E; Impatiens; Male; Mice; Motor Activity; Muramidase; p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine; Platelet Activating Factor; Pruritus; Regional Blood Flow; Serotonin

Our previous studies have presented evidence that lysed Enterococcus faecalis FK-23 (LFK), a lysozyme and heat-treated probiotic product, can inhibit allergen-induced local accumulation of eosinophils in mice.. The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the influence of orally administrated LFK on the host immune responses.. BALB/c mice were sensitized subcutaneously, and challenged intraperitoneally by cedar pollen allergen. Blood and spleen samples were collected after oral administration of LFK 60 mg/day for 21 days. The serum levels of total and allergen-specific IgE and IgG2a antibodies and the production of IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-gamma generated by allergen-stimulated cultured splenocytes were determined. Additionally, the effect of LFK on active cutaneous anaphylaxis (ACA) induced by ovalbumin (OVA) challenge in mice was measured after 28 days LFK treatment.. No significant differences in serum immunoglobulin levels, as well as in cytokine production of splenocytes were observed between LFK-treated and control mice (P>0.05). There was, however, an increasing tendency of allergen-specific IgG2a level in mice after LFK treatment for 21 days compared with controls (P=0.060). Furthermore, the serum ratio of specific IgE to IgG2a was found to be significantly decreased in the LFK group (P=0.005). In addition, a significant inhibition of OVA-induced ACA reaction was observed in mice that had been fed for 28 days with LFK compared with control mice (P=0.008).. These results suggest that LFK shows an anti-inflammatory effect, which may be part of the mechanism for protection against IgE-mediated allergy.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Allergens; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Cells, Cultured; Cryptomeria; Cytokines; Enterococcus faecalis; Female; Immunoglobulin G; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Muramidase; Pollen; Skin Tests; Spleen

The increase in the transcellular passage of intact antigens across the digestive epithelium infected with Helicobacter pylori may interfere with the regulation of mucosal immune responses. The aim of this work was to study the capacity of Helicobacter infection to inhibit the development of oral tolerance or to promote allergic sensitization and the capacity of a gastro-protective agent, rebamipide, to interfere with these processes in mice. Oral tolerance to ovalbumin (OVA) was studied in 48 C3H/He 4-week-old mice divided into four groups: (i) OVA-sensitized mice; (ii) OVA-"tolerized" mice (that is, mice that were rendered immunologically tolerant); (iii) H. felis-infected, OVA-tolerized mice; (iv) and H. felis-infected, OVA-tolerized, rebamipide-treated mice. Oral sensitization to hen egg lysozyme (HEL) was studied in 48 mice divided into four groups: (i) controls; (ii) HEL-sensitized mice; (iii) H. felis-infected, HEL-sensitized mice; and (iv) H. felis-infected, HEL-sensitized, rebamipide-treated mice. Specific anti-OVA or anti-HEL immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG1/IgG2a serum titers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, the capacity of rebamipide to interfere with antigen presentation and T-cell activation in vitro, as well as absorption of rebamipide across the epithelial monolayer, was tested. H. felis infection led to the inhibition of oral tolerance to OVA, but rebamipide prevented this inhibitive effect of H. felis. H. felis infection did not enhance the sensitization to HEL, but rebamipide inhibited the development of this sensitization. Moreover, rebamipide inhibited in a dose-dependent manner antigen presentation and T-cell activation in vitro and was shown to be able to cross the epithelium at a concentration capable of inducing this inhibitory effect. We conclude that H. felis can inhibit the development of oral tolerance to OVA in mice and that this inhibition is prevented by rebamipide.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Alanine; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Antigen Presentation; Antigens; Chickens; Female; Gastritis; Helicobacter Infections; Immune Tolerance; Immunity, Mucosal; Immunoglobulin E; Immunoglobulin G; In Vitro Techniques; Intestines; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Muramidase; Ovalbumin; Quinolones; T-Lymphocytes

Monitoring the blood flow of unanesthesized mice was found to be a reliable and effective method for studying their anaphylactic responses, in addition to the known method of monitoring blood pressure. Hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL)-specific anaphylaxis in mice was estimated by monitoring the decrease in blood flow with a Doppler blood flow meter. This method is convenient for searching for both anaphylaxis and anti-anaphylactic substances from natural products. Using this system, we estimated the anti-anaphylactic effects of the 35% ethanol extract (IB) of petals of Impatiens balsamina L., as well as those of anti-allergic agents currently used. Kaempferol 3-rutinoside and lawsone from IB significantly inhibited the decrease of blood flow. We also found that platelet-activating factor (PAF) and serotonin participate in decreasing the blood flow, but histamine does not.

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Blood Flow Velocity; Impatiens; Male; Mice; Muramidase; Plant Extracts; Plant Structures; Regional Blood Flow; Tail

Cholera toxin (CTX) is a potent oral adjuvant for the induction of mucosal IgA Ab responses protein Ags. We examined the Ab responses and allergic sensitization of several strains of mice to protein Ags, administered orally with CTX. The mice made strong IgA and IgG1 serum Ab responses, but little IgG2a Ab to Ags such as hen egg lysozyme (HEL) and OVA. However, when given a subsequent i.p. challenge with Ag alone, the same mice had immediate hypersensitivity reactions that included respiratory distress and death. Within 10 min of i.p. challenge, immunized mice had high levels of plasma histamine and extensive degranulation of mast cells in target tissues. These mice had detectable serum IgE Ab. Ag administered orally with the B subunit (CTB) of CTX did not sensitize mice. Intestinal tissues taken from these mice had Ag-specific ion-secretory responses in vitro, typical of intestinal anaphylaxis. Ag given s.c. without adjuvant could also sensitize for systemic and intestinal anaphylaxis. Sensitization with HEL given s.c. was dose dependent and correlated with a critical amount of HEL in the circulation. HEL was detected in the circulation after oral immunization, but CTX did not increase the uptake of HEL. Thus, oral immunization with a protein Ag in the presence of CTX can sensitize an animal for systemic and intestinal anaphylaxis. These results suggest a cautious approach to the use of CTX as an adjuvant in oral vaccines, and provide a new model to study immediate hypersensitivity reactions to intestinal Ag.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Antigens; Cholera Toxin; Female; Hypersensitivity; Immunization; Immunoglobulin E; Immunoglobulin G; Intestines; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Muramidase; Ovalbumin

Mouse hen egg-white lysozyme-specific anaphylaxis was estimated by monitoring changes in blood pressure by using a tail-cuff method. Stimulation of histamine H1 receptors of the vascular endothelium was suggested to be critical for mouse anaphylactic hypotension, because pretreatment with diphenhydramine but not with cimetidine completely inhibited the hypotension. Nitric oxide (NO) was indicated to play an important role in mouse anaphylaxis, because NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a NO synthase inhibitor, significantly blocked the hypotension while a large amount of L-arginine, a precursor of NO synthesis, restored the hypotension.

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Arginine; Blood Pressure; Diphenhydramine; Female; Hypotension; Male; Mice; Muramidase; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide; Receptors, Histamine H1

Hen's egg white lysozyme (HEL) is one of the minor allergen in hen's egg white. HEL is commonly used to treat disease of respiratory tract, because it have the effect to dissolve mucopolysaccharide and anti-inflammatory action. We examined specific IgE antibody titers (IgE-HEL) in patients with egg allergy and allergic patients to other antigen than egg. Results indicated that 16.37 +/- 29.56 (PRU/ml) (mean +/- SD) of IgE-HEL was found in 30 out of the 39 allergic patients to egg, and 23 (66.7%) out of the 39 patients studied showed RAST scores of more than 2. On the other hand, 1.08 +/- 0.92 (PRU/ml) of IgE-HEL in 12 out of the 44 allergic patients to other antigen than egg, and 5 (11.4%) out of the 44 patients studied showed RAST scores of more than 2. Moreover, we treated a patient who developed anaphylaxis after taking HEL. 1.0 (PRU/ml) of HEL-IgE was found in this patient. These results suggest that we should be careful in treating allergic patients with HEL.

Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Anaphylaxis; Antibody Specificity; Child; Child, Preschool; Eggs; Female; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Infant; Male; Muramidase; Peptide Fragments; Radioallergosorbent Test

The effects of lysozyme and sodium diethyl-dithiocarbamate (DTC) were studied on antibody synthesis induced by immunization with a hapten-carrier complex. The immunomodulating effects of lysozyme could be partially reversed by DTC, a sulphur derivative which has been previously shown to modulate the immune response, probably at the macrophage level. The mechanisms whereby lysozyme and DTC modulated the immune response are discussed.

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Antibody Formation; Carrier Proteins; Dinitrophenols; Ditiocarb; Drug Interactions; gamma-Globulins; Guinea Pigs; Haptens; Muramidase; Serum Albumin; Thiocarbamates

In the early stages of anaphylactic shock of rats pretreated with Bordetella pertussis vaccine, a prompt and parallel activation of the factor XIIa-dependent intrinsic coagulation, kinin generation, and fibrinolytic acticity was observed. The coagulation studies, the similarity of anaphylactic results with those produced by a single injection of ellagic acid, and the effective inhibition of the anaphylactic and the ellagic acid-induced activation of these pathways by lysozyme all suggest that factor XII itself becomes activated in rat anaphylaxis. As the reaction proceeded, considerable anticoagulant activities emerged, but the bradykinin and the plasminogen activator levels even further increased. During the first 10 min of anaphylactic shock, factor XII was partly consumed and this was prevented by epsilon-aminocaproic acid infusion. The results show that in pathological conditions such as anaphylaxis there is an intimate in vivo interaction among the three factor XIIa-dependent pathways.

Topics: Aminocaproates; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Blood Coagulation Tests; Bradykinin; Ellagic Acid; Factor XII; Male; Muramidase; Plasminogen Activators; Rats

The mouse sensitized by subcutaneous (sc) injection of lysozyme in emulsion of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) was shown by a modified footpad test to develop three kinds of hypersensitivities. Injecting lysozyme in 2.5-mul emulsion of Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) into the footpad elicited strong footpad swelling in 30 min (anaphylactic reaction), in 3 hr (Arthus-type reaction) and in 24 hr (delayed-type hypersensitivity; DTH). The mice showing anaphylactic reaction in the footpad test manifested severe active systemic anaphylaxis, and the sera of these animals showed high IgG1 antibody titers with only sparingly detectable or no IgE antibody titers. In the sensitizing system with the use of FCA, the antigenicity of S-carboxymethylated lysozyme (CM-lysozyme) devoid of the three-dimensional conformation of lysozyme was compared with that of the native molecule. CM-lysozyme and lysozyme completely cross-reacted to each other in DTH, but not at all in the anaphylactic or Arthus-type reaction or in IgG1 antibody production. CM-lysozyme was shown also to have the ability to bestow immunological memory for the induction of humoral immunity against lysozyme; intravenous (iv) injection of lysozyme in saline or sc injection of CM-lysozyme-FCA alone failed to induce immediate hypersensitivities and IgG1 antibody production against lysozyme, but pre-sensitization by sc injection of CM-lysozyme-FCA enabled the animal to induce these responses to significant levels when iv injection of lysozyme in saline was given as a booster.

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Antibody Formation; Arthus Reaction; Carboxylic Acids; Cross Reactions; Epitopes; Female; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immunity, Cellular; Immunoglobulin E; Immunoglobulin G; Immunologic Memory; Mice; Muramidase

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Complement System Proteins; Horses; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immune Sera; Immunity, Active; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Subcutaneous; Muramidase; Properdin; Rabbits; Radiation Effects; Time Factors; Ultraviolet Rays

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Antigens; Aspirin; Bordetella pertussis; Chloroquine; Corticosterone; Cortisone; Dexamethasone; Diphenhydramine; Flumethasone; gamma-Globulins; Histamine; Hydrocortisone; Hypersensitivity; Immunization, Secondary; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Methysergide; Mice; Muramidase; Ouabain; Paramethasone; Pertussis Vaccine; Prednisolone; Prednisone; Serotonin; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Tranquilizing Agents; Tripelennamine

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Antibodies; Blood Cell Count; Blood Platelets; Erythrocytes; Female; Histamine; Injections, Intravenous; Kidney; Liver; Lung; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Muramidase; Mycobacterium; Rabbits; Serotonin; Spleen; Tuberculosis, Avian

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Antibody Formation; Blood Platelets; Charcoal; Colloids; Erythrocytes; Histamine; Injections, Intravenous; Kidney; Liver; Lung; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Muramidase; Mycobacterium; Rabbits; Serotonin; Spleen; Tuberculosis, Avian

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Anti-Allergic Agents; Bradykinin; Dextrans; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Ileum; Mice; Muramidase; Pharmacology; Rats; Research; Skin Tests; Tissue Culture Techniques

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Catecholamines; Chlorprothixene; Epinephrine; Lagomorpha; Muramidase; Nialamide; Norepinephrine; Ovalbumin; Prednisone; Rabbits; Research; Serotonin; Shock

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Anti-Allergic Agents; Bradykinin; Guinea Pigs; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Intestines; Muramidase; Muscle, Smooth; Ovalbumin; Pharmacology; Piperidines; Prednisone; Rabbits; Research; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Serotonin; Thioxanthenes; Xanthenes