muramidase and Aggressive-Periodontitis

The current knowledge on the cellular, host-response features in juvenile periodontitis (JP) has been reviewed. The chemotaxis of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), known to be defective in JP, is modulated by serum factors and bacteria. The interactions of the putative etiologic pathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.) and the enzyme lysozyme with PMNs modify the host defense. Data on the phagocytic capacity of the peripheral blood and gingival crevice PMNs in JP are still controversial. The monocytes exhibit similar alterations as PMNs in interaction with A.a., but the reports on defective monocyte chemotaxis are conflicting. Both bacterial challenge and genetic factors may regulate the lymphocyte response in JP.

Topics: Actinobacillus; Aggressive Periodontitis; Animals; B-Lymphocytes; Bacteria; Chemotactic Factors; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Lymphocytes; Mice; Monocytes; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Phagocytosis; T-Lymphocytes

The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal association of selected non-immune anti-microbial host factors (peroxidases, lysozyme and lactoferrin) to the localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) disease status.. Peroxidases, lysozyme and lactoferrin were quantitated from seven patients with LJP before and after periodontal therapy. Analyses were performed from simultaneously collected samples of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), gingival crevicular fluid (GCF from diseased sites) and paraffin-stimulated whole saliva. Similar assays were done also from seven periodontally healthy controls.. During untreated phase of LJP myeloperoxidase, lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations were remarkably elevated in peripheral blood PMNs, also reflected in their high concentrations in GCF. All these values normalised with respect to healthy controls during the periodontal therapy. No similar longitudinal changes were seen in whole saliva but during therapy salivary peroxidase concentrations declined below the control values, in accordance with our previous observations in parotid saliva samples of LJP patients.. In LJP the concentrations of lysozyme, lactoferrin and myeloperoxidase are significantly elevated in peripheral blood PMNs, also reflected in GCF. During periodontal therapy these values decline and approach those observed in healthy controls. No similar changes are seen in stimulated whole saliva.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aggressive Periodontitis; Case-Control Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; Lactoferrin; Male; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Peroxidases; Saliva; Time Factors

The local, saliva-associated defense mechanisms of 28 juvenile periodontitis (JP) patients and their age- and sex-matched controls were studied. Lysozyme, lactoferrin, salivary peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, and thiocyanate concentrations were determined from both whole saliva and parotid saliva. The total concentrations of salivary IgA, IgG, and IgM were assayed. The periodontal condition and the salivary flow rates were registered. Among the JP patients, a significantly elevated concentration of IgG was found in parotid saliva but not in whole saliva. Salivary peroxidase activities were significantly low both in the whole and in the parotid saliva samples of the JP patients, and leukocyte-derived myeloperoxidase was present in significantly low amounts in whole saliva of these patients. Because both glandular (salivary peroxidase) and polymorphonuclear-cell-derived (myeloperoxidase) enzyme activities were low among the JP patients, suppressed peroxidase-mediated host defense mechanisms could be characteristic of JP.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aggressive Periodontitis; Amylases; Female; Gingival Hemorrhage; Humans; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Lactoferrin; Male; Muramidase; Periodontal Pocket; Peroxidase; Peroxidases; Saliva