muramidase and Acute-Disease

The discovery of cytosine arabinoside, and then the anthrocycline antibiotics, 6-thioguanine, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and other drugs, has added to the armamentarium of known effective agents. The use of combination chemotherapy, the recognition of the need during induction for virtual marrow aplasia to obtain a remission, and recognition of the predilection of the disease for the central nervous system requiring prophylaxis constitute major advances. The impediment to long-term survival is the lack of effective maintenance therapy.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Agranulocytosis; Antineoplastic Agents; Cells, Cultured; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Graft vs Host Reaction; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Infections; Leukemia; Leukocytosis; Male; Muramidase; Preleukemia; Thrombocytopenia; Uric Acid

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acute Disease; Alanine; Alkaline Phosphatase; Chronic Disease; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glucosidases; Glucuronidase; Graft Rejection; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Transplantation; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucine; Muramidase; Peptide Hydrolases; Postoperative Care; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Female; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Remission, Spontaneous

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Bifilac on reducing the episodes (frequency) and duration of diarrhea induced by rotaviral infection and to evaluate the efficacy of Bifilac to ameliorate the associated symptoms like dehydration and duration of rotaviral shedding in faeces.. 80 children aged between 3 months and 3 years were enrolled and divided into 2 groups, one group received standard therapy + placebo, the other group received standard therapy + probiotic (Bifilac) randomly. Children assessed for frequency and duration of diarrhea. Degree of dehydration, duration and volume of oral rehydration salt [ORS] therapy, duration and volume of Intra venous fluids and duration of rotaviral shedding.. When compared to the placebo, Bifilac showed clinical as well as statistically significant reduction in Number of episodes (frequency) of diarrhea in a day, mean duration of diarrhea (in days) degree of dehydration, duration and volume of oral rehydration salt [ORS] therapy, duration and volume of intravenous fluid [IVF] therapy, duration of rotaviral shedding (P<0.01).. The synbiotic, bifilac, appears to be a safe and very effective adjuvant in the management of acute rotaviral diarrhea.

Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Infective Agents; Child, Preschool; Dehydration; Diarrhea; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Female; Fluid Therapy; Humans; Infant; Male; Muramidase; Probiotics; Rehydration Solutions; Rotavirus; Rotavirus Infections; Treatment Outcome; Virus Shedding

To compare glucose and rice-based oral rehydration solution with rice-based oral rehydration solution containing recombinant human lactoferrin and recombinant human lysozyme in diarrhea outcomes.. We conducted a randomized, double-blind controlled trial in children with acute diarrhea and dehydration. One hundred and forty children 5 to 33 months old were block randomized to receive low osmolarity WHO-ORS (G-ORS), rice-based ORS (R-ORS), or rice-based ORS plus lactoferrin and lysozyme (Lf/Lz-R-ORS). Intake and output were monitored for 48 h in the ORU, with continued monitoring through home and clinic follow-up for 14 d.. The G-ORS and R-ORS groups did not show any differences in diarrhea outcomes and were therefore combined as the control group. Intent-to-treat analysis showed a significant decrease in duration of diarrhea (3.67 d vs 5.21 d, P = 0.05) in the Lf/Lz-R-ORS group as compared with the control group and a significant increase in the number of children who achieved 48 h with solid stool, 85% vs 69% (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences [corrected] in volume of diarrhea or [corrected] the percentage of children who had a new diarrhea episode after achieving the endpoint.. Addition of recombinant human lactoferrin and lysozyme to a rice-based oral rehydration solution had beneficial effects on children with acute diarrhea.

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Child, Preschool; Dehydration; Diarrhea; Double-Blind Method; Fluid Therapy; Glucose; Humans; Infant; Lactoferrin; Male; Muramidase; Oryza; Peru; Prospective Studies; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Ampicillin; Biological Availability; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal

Recurrence rate and symptoms after chemotherapy against acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC) were studied. Upon completion of a 7-day treatment with two regimens, one of CEX alone (Group C) and the other of a combination of CEX with Lysozyme (Neuzym) (Group L), at a dose of 1 g CEX daily, efficacy of the drugs was assessed according to the criteria established by the UTI Study Group. The forty one cases in Group C and 38 cases in Group L showing an excellent response were evaluated for recurrence. The rates of recurrence were 12.2% in Group C and 21.1% in Group L during the first 7 days after treatment. In recurrent cases, bacteriuria was seen in 84.6% (11/13), pyuria in 53.8% (7/13) and miction pain in 30.8% (4/13). Thus, bacteriuria and pyuria should be the items of the criteria for AUC recurrence.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cephalexin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cystitis; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Recurrence

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Conjunctivitis; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Ophthalmic Solutions

In a controlled clinical trial Frubienzym (throat lozenges with 5 mg lysozyme, 2 mg papaine and 200 I.U. bacitracin) or placebo have been given to 100 patients with pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis for 4 days. Under treatment with Frubienzym reddening, swelling, matter and mucus in the throat, coughing, swelling and pain of lymphatic ganglions and pain of swallowing vanished more quickly than under placebo. The differences were significant (p less than 0,05, p less than 0,001 or even p less than 0,001; U-test of Wilcoxon, Man and Whitney). There were no side effects which could be attributed to Frubienzym.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Bacitracin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Male; Muramidase; Papain; Pharyngitis; Tonsillitis

This study shows that the supramolecular arrangement of proteins in nanoparticle structures predicts nanoparticle accumulation in neutrophils in acute lung inflammation (ALI). We observed homing to inflamed lungs for a variety of nanoparticles with agglutinated protein (NAPs), defined by arrangement of protein in or on the nanoparticles via hydrophobic interactions, crosslinking and electrostatic interactions. Nanoparticles with symmetric protein arrangement (for example, viral capsids) had no selectivity for inflamed lungs. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry showed NAPs have tropism for pulmonary neutrophils. Protein-conjugated liposomes were engineered to recapitulate NAP tropism for pulmonary neutrophils. NAP uptake in neutrophils was shown to depend on complement opsonization. We demonstrate diagnostic imaging of ALI with NAPs; show NAP tropism for inflamed human donor lungs; and show that NAPs can remediate pulmonary oedema in ALI. This work demonstrates that structure-dependent tropism for neutrophils drives NAPs to inflamed lungs and shows NAPs can detect and treat ALI.

Topics: Acute Disease; Agglutination; Animals; Antibodies; Cross-Linking Reagents; Dextrans; Humans; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Liposomes; Lung; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Muramidase; Nanoparticles; Neutrophils; Opsonin Proteins; Proteins; Static Electricity; Tissue Distribution; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is usually accompanied by intestinal failure, but its mechanism is still unclear. In AP patients, the functions of Paneth cells (lysozyme, HD5, Reg3γ, and Wnt3a) decreased. Compared with AP mice, injuries and inflammation of the pancreas and ileum were aggravated in AP mice treated with dithizone (Dith) (Dith+AP mice). Intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation were also increased. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the gut microbiota of Dith mice and Dith+AP mice exhibited a marked increase in the pathogenic bacterium

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mice; Muramidase; Pancreatitis; Paneth Cells; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

The objective of the present study was to estimate the efficacy of laripront intended for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the laryngopharynx in the children. Available for the observation were 50 patients aged between 4 and 14 years suffering from the following ENT pathologies: adenoiditis, lacunar tonsillitis, acute laryngitis, chronic tonsillitis, oropharyngeal candidiasis, chronic hypertrophic pharyngitis, atrophic pharyngolaryngitis after the chemical burn of the mouse cavity and laryngopharynx or in the case of gastroesophageal reflux disease. All the patients enjoyed the positive outcome of the treatment that was especially efficacions in the patients with acute pathologies. No adverse effects of the treatment were documented.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Dequalinium; Drug Combinations; Drug Monitoring; Drug Synergism; Female; Humans; Hypopharynx; Male; Muramidase; Pain; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tablets; Treatment Outcome

The objective of the present study was to elucidate the relationship between the activity of the interferon system at the local level and the frequency of the development of relapses of acute inflammation of pharyngeal mucosa. The secondary objective was to estimate the possibility, necessity, and efficacy of the correction of the abnormal local immune response with the use of immunomodulatory agents. A total of 45 patients presenting with acute pharyngitis were available for the examination. They were allocated to two groups comprised of 25 and 20 patients respectively. Those in group 1 were given Hexalyse, a composite preparation for the local application. The patients of group 2 were treated with Strepsils. The study included general and specialized otorhinological examination as well as the evaluation of interferon production at the local level by measuring (using immunoenzyme assay) the concentration of interferon-alpha in the saliva before and on days 3 and 5 after the initiation of therapy. It was shown that the adaptive mechanisms of pharyngeal mucosa in acute pharyngitis are realized through activation of the interferon system. Elimination of the inflammatory process was accompanied by normalization of interferon-alpha level in the saliva regardless of the therapeutic modality used. One third of the patients presenting with acute pharyngitis suffered insufficiency of interferon production. It is concluded that the inclusion of an immunomodulatory agent, such as Hexalyse, in the combined treatment of such patients activates biosynthesis of interferon-alpha and leads to the reduction in the frequency of relapses of the disease. The results of the study of the relationship between the concentration of interferon-alpha in the saliva, the duration of acute pharyngitis, and the frequency of its post-treatment relapses were used to develop the practical recommendations for the prescription of Hexalyse for the treatment of patients with this pathology.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Anesthetics, Local; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Glycyrrhetinic Acid; Humans; Interferon-alpha; Lidocaine; Muramidase; Pharyngitis; Saliva; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major killer worldwide. Atherosclerosis, which is the basis of CHD, is believed to be an inflammatory disorder. Though various aspects of atherosclerosis are extensively studied, leukocytic hydrolytic enzymes are not studied very well with respect to CHD.. This study was planned to assess changes associated with leukocytic hydrolases in CHD patients.. A tertiary care hospital; case-control study.. 106 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 60 patients with unstable angina and 45 healthy controls were included in the study. Acid phosphatase, lysozyme, adenosine deaminase (ADA) and cathepsin-G levels were estimated from leukocytes. Reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured.. Statistical comparison of data was done using student's t-test (unpaired). Correlation difference was calculated by using Pearson correlation coefficient.. Significantly higher levels of acid phosphatase, lysozyme, ADA with lower levels of cathepsin G in leukocytes were observed in CHD group. We also found significantly higher levels of serum MDA with lower concentrations of blood GSH in CHD group. In diabetic CHD group, significantly higher levels of leukocytic acid phosphatase, lysozyme, ADA and serum MDA with lower levels of cathepsin G and blood GSH were observed.. Our study indicates that leukocyte hydrolytic enzymes, mainly acid phosphatase, lysozyme and ADA were more active in CHD patients and may contribute to inflammation related with CHD. Its also indicates that leukocyte cathepsin-G may have antiinflammatory role.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Adult; Angina, Unstable; Cathepsin G; Cathepsins; Coronary Disease; Female; Humans; Leukocytes; Male; Malondialdehyde; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Myocardial Infarction; Serine Endopeptidases

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Intranasal; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans; Influenza, Human; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Muramidase; Orthomyxoviridae; Otitis Media; Pneumococcal Infections; Streptococcus pneumoniae

The anti-inflammatory effect of total phenolics from Laggera alata (TPLA) was evaluated with various in vivo models of both acute and chronic inflammations. In the acute inflammation tests, TPLA inhibited significantly xylene-induced mouse ear oedema, carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema and acetic acid-induced mouse vascular permeability. In the carrageenan-induced rat pleurisy model, TPLA significantly suppressed inflammatory exudate and leukocyte migration, reduced the serum levels of lysozyme (LZM) and malondialdehyde (MDA), increased the serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and also decreased the contents of total protein, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in the pleural exudates. In the chronic inflammation experiment, TPLA inhibited significantly cotton pellet-induced rat granuloma. These results indicated that TPLA possesses potent anti-inflammatory activity on acute and chronic inflammation models. Its anti-inflammatory mechanisms are probably associated with the inhibition of prostaglandin formation, the influence on the antioxidant systems, and the suppression of LZM release. Furthermore, the total phenolic content of Laggera alata and its main component type was quantified, and its principle components were isolated and authenticated. Acute toxicity studies revealed that TPLA up to an oral dose of 8.5 g/kg body weight was almost nontoxic in mice.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Asteraceae; Capillary Permeability; Carrageenan; Chronic Disease; Dexamethasone; Ear, External; Edema; Glutathione Peroxidase; Inflammation; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Muramidase; Nitric Oxide; Plant Extracts; Pleurisy; Quinic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Superoxide Dismutase; Xylenes

Pathophysiologic differences in neural responses to hypertonic saline (HTS) were investigated in subjects with acute sinusitis (n = 25), subjects with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) with nonallergic rhinitis (n = 14), subjects with active allergic rhinitis (AR; n = 17), and normal (n = 20) subjects. Increasing strengths of HTS were sprayed into their nostrils at 5-minute intervals. Sensations of nasal pain, blockage, and drip increased with concentration and were significantly elevated above normal. These parallels suggested activation of similar subsets of afferent neurons. Urea and lysozyme secretion were dose dependent in all groups, suggesting that serous cell exocytosis was one source of urea after neural stimulation. Only AR and normal groups had mucin dose responses and correlations between symptoms and lysozyme secretion (R(2) = 0.12-0.23). The lysozyme dose responses may represent axon responses in these groups. The neurogenic stimulus did not alter albumin (vascular) exudation in any group. Albumin and mucin concentrations were correlated in sinusitis, suggesting that nonneurogenic factors predominated in sinusitis mucous hypersecretion. CFS had neural hypersensitivity (pain) but reduced serous cell secretion. HTS nasal provocations identified significant, unique patterns of neural and mucosal dysregulation in each rhinosinusitis syndrome.

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Intranasal; Adult; Albumins; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mucins; Mucus; Muramidase; Nasal Lavage Fluid; Nasal Mucosa; Nasal Provocation Tests; Neurons, Afferent; Pain; Rhinitis; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Sinusitis; Urea

Children and adolescents aged 4-16 years with the diagnosis of acute respiratory viral infection with long-lasting fever, manifestations of intoxication syndrome, and catarrhal symptoms were examined. In children and adolescents suffering from frequent diseases and presented with acute respiratory viral infection we found disorders in the immune status (depression of the cellular component, helper/suppressor imbalance, suppressed production of IgA and hyperproduction of IgM, decreased concentration of secretory IgA in the saliva) in comparison with children rarely falling ill. The redox potential and lymphocyte cytochrome C content were decreased in adolescents often falling ill, while the content of cytochrome oxidase did not change. A negative multiple correlation (R=6.8, p<0.005) was detected between the decrease in cytochrome C content and NADP/NADPH redox potential and increase in the immunoregulatory index. ATP content in lymphocyte from adolescents frequently falling ill remained 21% decreased during the first 2 weeks after acute respiratory viral infection, while the ATP/ADP ratio was shifted towards dinucleotide, which also indicated disorders in ATP synthesis in lymphocytes.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adolescent; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Case-Control Studies; CD4-CD8 Ratio; Child; Child, Preschool; Cytochrome c Group; Energy Metabolism; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Humans; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Leukocyte Count; Luciferases; Muramidase; NAD; NADP; Oxidation-Reduction; Respiratory Tract Infections; Saliva; T-Lymphocytes; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer

We established a mouse model in which fatal pneumonia was induced by pneumococcal superinfection following influenza virus infection in chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected mice. In this mouse model, influenza virus infection caused a significant increase in inflammatory cells, cytokines and severe tissue damage in the lungs of these P. aeruginosa infected mice, before pneumococcal infection. Intrapulmonary virus titres were significantly increased in mice with chronic P. aeruginosa infection, compared with control mice. Neutrophil function analysis showed significant reduction of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and lysozyme secretion by influenza virus infection in these mice. Our results suggest that influenza virus infection may play an important role in inducing pneumococcal pneumonia in chronic P. aeruginosa infected mice. Our results suggested that our mouse model is useful for investigating the pathogenesis of influenza virus infection in patients with chronic lung infection.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Chronic Disease; Colony Count, Microbial; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Susceptibility; Lung; Lung Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Muramidase; Orthomyxoviridae Infections; Peroxidase; Pneumococcal Infections; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal; Pseudomonas Infections; Superinfection

Lysozyme values are sometimes used as an aid for diagnostic subtyping of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), since monocytic forms often show high levels. We wanted to study if pretreatment serum lysozyme has any relation to prognosis in AML. For this purpose, 232 adult AML patients who had received remission induction therapy at two hospitals were reviewed retrospectively. Their median age was 65.5 yr. Sixty-three patients were FAB classified as "monocytic" AML (M4, M5) and 169 as "non-monocytic" AML (M0, M1, M2, M3, M6). A linear relation was rejected, and a bimodal relation was found between lysozyme and prognosis where values below 20 or above 80 mg L-1 were indicative of better outcome than values in the range 20-80 mg L-1. Analysed in three categories with cut-off levels at 20 and 80 mg L-1, lysozyme showed an independent effect on complete remission (CR) frequency (P = 0.0003), overall survival (P < 0.0001), and CR duration (P = 0.0005) in multivariate analysis. The hazard ratios (HR) for lysozyme <20, 20-80, and >80 mg L-1 regarding overall survival were 1.0, 3.3, and 0.7. Influence of lysozyme on survival was bimodal both in "non-monocytic" AML (HR 1.0, 3.0, and 0.1) and M4-M5 (HR 1.0, 10.1, and 1.2). Our finding of a bimodal relation between serum lysozyme and prognosis in AML should be regarded as a new hypothesis and controlled in other studies.

Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Biomarkers; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Female; Humans; Kidney Function Tests; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Muramidase; Prognosis; Renal Insufficiency; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; Survival Analysis

The respiratory tract produces a number of molecules that act in the first line of host defense to protect against pathogenic colonization and tissue invasion. Most of the innate antimicrobial activity can be attributed to airway fluid proteins, such as lysozyme, lactoferrin, and secretory leukoproteinase inhibitor, and peptides, such as defensins. Human beta-defensins are cationic antimicrobial peptides with broad and potent microbicidal activity that have been shown to play a role in protecting the healthy lung from infection. To determine the effect of thermal injury on the production of the inducible beta-defensin, human beta-defensin-2 (HBD-2), we measured the concentration of HBD-2 by Western blot analysis in bronchoalveolar lavage samples from the lungs of burned patients with and without inhalation injury. Our data demonstrates an increased amount of HBD-2 in the pulmonary airways with thermal injury compared to normal lung. A further substantial increase in levels was noted in chronic lung conditions.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Infective Agents; beta-Defensins; Biomarkers; Blotting, Western; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Burns, Inhalation; Chronic Disease; Humans; Lung; Lung Diseases; Lung Injury; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Respiratory Tract Infections

The role of erythrocytes in realization of interrelation of the immunomodulating effects of lysozyme and naphthoquinones in normal and under conditions of acute hemorrhage was studied. Interaction of lysozyme and menadione at the level of intact erythrocytes and their stroma resulted in formation of highly efficient immunomodulating factors. The effect of such factors under conditions of acute hemorrhage was mediated by cytokines of the spleen macrophagael cells.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Drug Synergism; Erythrocytes; Hemorrhage; Leukocytes; Muramidase; Naphthoquinones; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Spleen; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 3

Oral and pharyngeal cavities harbor a commensal bacterial flora which is kept in check by several innate and acquired agents. In this study, we focused on the proportions in which some antibacterial moderators (lysozyme, lactoferrin, IgG and S-IgA) coat the tonsillar surface bacteria in healthy individuals, in patients with acute tonsillitis (AT) culture-positive for Streptococcus pyogenes, and in patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).. Bacterial samples were collected for aerobic culturing and immunocytochemical evaluation from the tonsillar surfaces of eight healthy individuals (four males, four females; age range 16-22 years), eight patients with current AT (two males, six females; age range 16-29 years) and seven patients with IM (four males, three females; age range 15-21 years). The immunocytochemical assay was based on gold-labeled antiserum to human lysozyme, lactoferrin, IgG and S-IgA followed by gold particle tracing in the transmission electron microscope.. During AT, a significant increase in lysozyme coating (P<0.05) and lactoferrin coating (P<0.0005) of the bacteria was noted, whereas the S-IgA coating was significantly reduced (P<0.0005). During IM infection, a significant increase in lactoferrin coating was noted (P<0.0005) whereas immunoglobulin coating was significantly reduced (IgG P<0.025; S-IgA P<0.0005) compared with healthy controls. During IM, all antibacterial moderators evaluated were significantly reduced compared with the situation during AT.. Noticeable changes in the local innate and acquired bacterial defence system were observed during tonsillar infections, particularly during IM.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Female; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Immunohistochemistry; Infectious Mononucleosis; Lactoferrin; Male; Muramidase; Palatine Tonsil; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus pyogenes; Tonsillitis

The studies conducted for 126 patients with stomach and duodenal ulcers revealed that at the acute state of recurrent ulcer activation of the microflora displaying pathogenetic signs and corresponding to the third or fourth degree of dysbacteriosis takes place in the ulcerous defect zone along with microcirculatory disorders, necrotic inflammatory processes and reduction of the lysozyme content in tissues. This allows comparing ulcers of the gastroduodenal zone to an infected wound. At the sub-acute phase of recurrent ulcer (next one or two weeks) microbiological changes in the per-ulcer zone reduce to dysbacteriosis of the second or third degree as inflammatory and necrotic processes cease, an at the phase of cicatrisation and epithelization they are similar to normal biocenosis.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Bacteria; Duodenal Ulcer; Female; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Microcirculation; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Peptic Ulcer; Recurrence; Stomach Ulcer; Time Factors; Wound Infection

A common complication of virus-induced upper respiratory tract infections is acute otitis media caused by bacterial pathogens. Simultaneously, increased bacterial colonization in the nasopharynx occurs. Our intention in this study was to identify the causes of this increased colonization of bacteria by evaluating their coating with the antibacterial substances lysozyme, lactoferrin and immunoglobulins IgG, S-IgA and IgM and their ability to penetrate epithelial cells during infectious mononucleosis (IM) caused by Epstein-Barr virus.. Cellular samples were collected from the oropharynx of 21 patients (16 males, five females; age range 10-21 years) with current IM. An immunocytochemical assay using gold-labelled antiserum to human lysozyme, lactoferrin, IgG, S-IgA and IgM followed by gold particle and epithelial cell tracing in the transmission electron microscope.. A significant reduction in bacterial coating with IgG (P<0.05) and S-IgA (P<0.01) was noted, whereas there was a significant increase in coating with lactoferrin (P<0.01) and IgM (P<0.01). No significant change in lysozyme coating of the bacteria was noted, compared with healthy controls. Bacterial penetration into epithelial cells was seen particularly in patients culture-positive for beta-haemolytic streptococci.. Reduced bacterial coating with IgG and S-IgA immunoglobulins, combined with bacterial penetration into epithelial cells, may exacerbate the bacterial colonization on oropharyngeal mucosal membranes observed during IM.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Child; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Epithelial Cells; Female; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; Immunity, Mucosal; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Infectious Mononucleosis; Lactoferrin; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Nasal Mucosa; Nasopharynx; Otitis Media; Pharyngitis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic capacity of a number of blood components such as soluble adhesion molecules, interleukin-6 (IL-6), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lysozyme in the distinction of acute bacterial and viral infections. Blood was taken from 115 acutely infected patients at admission before any treatment and in some cases on several consecutive days. 35 of the patients had a definite viral cause for their infection and 66 a bacterial cause. All variables were raised in patients with acute bacterial infections. Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), sE-selectin, lysozyme and MPO were also raised in acute viral infections, but for sE-selectin and MPO less so than in bacterial infections. Evaluation of the diagnostic power showed that for MPO and IL-6 at cut-offs of 1300 microg/l and 100 ng/l, respectively, the positive predictive value was 97% and 100% and the negative predictive value 78% and 76%, respectively, in the classification of acute bacterial infections. In the distinction between viral or bacterial causes of acute infections in otherwise healthy subjects serum measurements of MPO and IL-6 are valuable tools and should be considered as diagnostic aids in the routine setting. The soluble adhesion molecules did not offer any further information in this respect.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacterial Infections; Biomarkers; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Child; Cytokines; Diagnosis, Differential; E-Selectin; Female; Humans; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Interleukin-6; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Peroxidase; Predictive Value of Tests; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Virus Diseases

Topics: Acute Disease; Azure Stains; Cytodiagnosis; Fatal Outcome; Hematuria; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Peroxidase; Staining and Labeling; Urine

Topics: Acute Disease; Antibodies; Cell Membrane Permeability; Flow Cytometry; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Muramidase; Peroxidase; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma

Haemophilus influenzae is one of the most frequent pathogens of acute otitis media. To determine the middle ear response during the early stage of acute inflammation, a small amount of H. influenzae was inoculated into the bullae of guinea pigs through the tympanic membrane. The bullae were harvested at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours after H. influenzae inoculation and washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The number of viable H. influenzae and inflammatory cells, the concentrations of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lysozyme in the washing suspensions were measured, and compared with those in PBS-inoculated control ears. The number of viable H. influenzae increased very rapidly from 6 to 12 hours after inoculation and remained stationary up to 48 hours. The number of inflammatory cells and the MPO concentration were significantly higher in the H. influenzae-inoculated ears than in the control ears from 12 to 48 hours after inoculation. The lysozyme concentration was already significantly higher at 6 hours in the H. influenzae-inoculated ears; the lysozyme was released in the middle ear before the accumulation of inflammatory cells and degranulation of MPO from inflammatory cells. The results indicated that inflammatory reactions were present already at 6 hours after bacterial inoculation, and were rapidly accelerated during the subsequent hours. Consequently, acute middle ear inflammatory responses were seen immediately following inoculation of viable bacteria, and these responses originated in direct responses of middle ear mucosa, and oxidative and non-oxidative neutrophil metabolic products, which may cause tissue injury.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Ear, Middle; Guinea Pigs; Haemophilus influenzae; Muramidase; Otitis Media; Peroxidase; Time Factors

Granule protein deficiencies in morphologically mature neutrophil cells of peripheral blood from human patients with acute myeloid leukemia was demonstrated using post-embedding immunocytochemistry. Abnormal immunoreactivity of granule proteins was detected in seven of nine patients. Decreased immunoreactivity patterns were found more for the primary granule markers elastase and myeloperoxidase than for the secondary granule marker lactoferrin. Leukemias with a predominant myeloid component, in contrast to those with a predominant monocytoid component, had more neutrophil cells showing immunodeficiencies for one or more granule markers. The proportion of neutrophil cells showing immunodeficiencies varied greatly for each granule marker; more variation was obtained for elastase, lactoferrin and myeloperoxidase than for lysozyme, possibly because lysozyme is a marker for both granule types. In addition, no correlation could be found between any of the immunoreactivity deficiencies for the neutrophil granule glycoproteins elastase, lactoferrin, lysozyme and myeloperoxidase and the abundance of a particular set of ultrastructural features in the circulating leukemic cells from any of the nine patients. Nonetheless, most of the immature myeloid cells from peripheral blood of leukemic patients showing neutrophil protein immunoreactivity abnormalities in one or more granule markers often and randomly displayed one or more unusual ultrastructural features. The clinical and pathological significance of neutrophil granule protein deficiencies and the abundance of fibrillar structures in malignant myeloid cells presently is uncertain.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Aged; Cytoplasmic Granules; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lactoferrin; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Elastase; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Pancreatic Elastase; Peroxidase

The aggregation of non-serotypable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) by whole saliva from patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) was investigated. Significant differences were observed between salivary aggregating activity of a control and COLD population (P < 0.001). Saliva from patients less prone to acute exacerbations had a greater capacity to aggregate bacteria compared with saliva from patients with a predilection to infection. The mechanism of saliva-mediated aggregation of NTHI was investigated and shown to be related to lysozyme content. Lysozyme activity in saliva was measured by the turbidimetric technique and results showed that patients with chronic bronchitis had increased levels of salivary lysozyme, with a subpopulation within the non-infection-prone group having greater amounts. A significant difference was observed in salivary lysozyme between controls and non-infection-prone (P < 0.005) and infection-prone (P < 0.05) patients, respectively: the non-infection-prone patients having significantly (P < 0.005) more than the infection-prone patients. There was significant correlation (r = 0.742, P < 0.001) between salivary aggregation of NTHI and lysozyme activity. Chromatographically purified human lysozyme had a similar aggregation profile to that of saliva. There was no difference in serum and saliva lactoferrin concentrations between groups, but there was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in serum lysozyme concentration in the non-infection-prone group. This study suggests that the level of salivary lysozyme derived from macrophages may play an important role in determining resistance or susceptibility to acute bronchitis.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Communicable Diseases; Female; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Inflammation; Lactoferrin; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Macrophages; Male; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Saliva; Salivation

A 30-year-old Japanese woman relapsed into sarcoidosis after two successive parturitions. The cutaneous lesions consisted of scar sarcoidosis, papular type, nodular type, and subcutaneous nodules with histologically typical "naked tubercles". Hypergammaglobulinemia, elevation of both serum angiotensin converting enzyme and lysozyme levels, and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy were found in the acute and subacute stages, and spontaneously returned to normal levels 16 months after the onset. Our case suggests that parturition may trigger the onset of sarcoidosis.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Female; Humans; Hypergammaglobulinemia; Labor, Obstetric; Muramidase; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Recurrence; Remission, Spontaneous; Sarcoidosis; Skin Diseases

Although prolonged Gram-negative sepsis with high permeability alveolar edema, a well documented cause of adult respiratory distress syndrome, has been shown to result in surfactant alterations, the effects of acute endotoxemia on the lung surfactant system are largely unknown. In this study, lethal endotoxemia (> 80% mortality at 24 h) resulting in severe, rapid leukopenia with progressive thrombocytopenia was achieved through intraperitoneal injection of adult Fischer 344 rats with 3.5 mg of Escherichia coli endotoxin/kg. After assessment of pulmonary mechanics under general anesthesia, endotoxin-injected rats and appropriate controls were killed at 4, 8, and 12 h for morphological and biochemical analyses. Morphometric estimation of surfactant membrane subtypes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed prominent alterations including significant decrease (45%) in tubular myelin 12 h post-endotoxin, with a threefold increase in lamellar body-like forms at 8 and 12 h. Acute endotoxicosis resulted in decrease of total dynamic compliance, whereas pulmonary resistance remained unchanged. These changes were associated with margination of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in lung microcirculation, multifocal septal edema, and decrease in lamellar body lysozyme specific activity at 12 h. Alveolar edema, as determined by measurement of total protein in cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, was absent in both controls and endotoxin-injected rats. The results indicate that bloodborne lung injury induced by lethal endotoxicosis initiates acute perturbation of secreted surfactant membranes with pulmonary dysfunction in the absence of high protein alveolar edema.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Biological Products; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Disease Models, Animal; Endotoxins; Lung; Male; Muramidase; Myelin Sheath; Proteins; Pulmonary Surfactants; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Toxemia; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Using an ultrastructural immunogold method, we performed a quantitative study on cellular lysozyme (LZ) content in young normal bone marrow cells and in 14 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) of the M2, M3, M4 and M5 types. In five cases of M2 we found significantly lower LZ content than in normal promyelocytes and than in nine cases of M3, M4 and M5. In M3, M4 and M5 cells a very high LZ content was observed whereas the serum LZ activity was high in M4 and M5 and normal in M3. The intragranular LZ content was especially high in M5 and in most granules of M4 cells. The immunogold reaction (IGR) for LZ was also performed in cells previously reacted for myeloperoxidase (MPO). In M2 the granules showed definite positive MPO reactivity and low LZ density (granulocytic pattern), whereas in M5 we found high granular LZ content and weak or almost negative MPO activity (monocytic pattern). In M4 we found 'granulocytic' and 'monocytic' type of granules in the same cell. The IGR for LZ performed in post-embedded M5 cells which were previously subjected to phagocytosis of latex particles, showed granules that had moved toward the phagosome, releasing LZ without degranulation. The above findings and those showing normal serum LZ in M3 despite their high cellular LZ content, definitely indicate that only leukaemic M4 and M5 cells secrete LZ into their environment, explaining the high serum LZ observed in those leukaemias.

Topics: Acute Disease; Bone Marrow; Gold Colloid; Humans; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Peroxidase; Phagocytosis

Course of the disease and some indices of immunity were studied in 100 children with Sonne's and Flexner's dysentery. Parameters of immunity in 32 children (the 1st group) were normal. 68 patients (the 2-nd group) had secondary immune deficiency and leukopenia. Recovery of immunodeficient children in use of antibiotics and prodigiosan was slowed down by 5.2 days as compared to that of children without immunodeficiency. Antibiotics used in combination with lysozyme in patients of the 1st group resulted in restoration of immunological reactivity and recovery in usual terms.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dysentery, Bacillary; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Infant; Leukopenia; Muramidase; Shigella flexneri; Shigella sonnei; Time Factors

The connection between the level of Staphylococcus Aureus anti-lysozyme activity (ALA) and the character of the experimental infection course has been revealed. The subsiding type of infection was developed by infecting by clones with the low ALA and at the same time there was a shift in the structure of population at the final stage of infectious process to the reduction of its heterogeneity in respect of ALA and the preservation of the colonies only with the zero and low ALA. The protracted form of infection was provoked by the clone with the high ALA and the dynamics of microbial dissemination had rhythmical nature and a high heterogeneity in respect of ALA in the structure of population of staphylococcus was preserved and the selection of colonies with the high ALA was observed. ALA of staphylococcus is an important link of pathogenesis of persistence as it determines the duration and dynamics of the survival of the pathogen in the organism.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred CBA; Muramidase; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus

A grave prognosis is usually associated with leukemic skin infiltrates (leukemia cutis). However, some leukemic skin infiltrates are clinically similar to reactive non-leukemic infiltrates in patients with leukemia; thus it is of great importance to distinguish them. Fifty-four cases which were thought clinically to be leukemia cutis underwent immunophenotyping with a panel of nine T, B, monocytic, and macrophage markers using paraffin sections. Immunohistochemistry helped identify 44 cases with leukemia cutis and 10 with reactive infiltrates. In all cases of leukemia cutis, the staining patterns of skin infiltrates were concordant with cell type in the bone marrow. Furthermore, the panel of markers was usually helpful in distinguishing reactive from leukemia infiltrates, especially in cases with chronic lymphatic leukemia. Immunohistochemistry is a valuable adjunct in histopathologic differentiation of skin infiltrates in most cases of leukemia. With formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsies, we recommend that CD45 (LCA), CD45RO (UCHL-1), CD3, CD20 (L-26), CD43 (Leu-22), CD68 (KP-1), lysozyme, and chloroacetate esterase be considered in cases of systemic leukemia with cutaneous papules and nodules that prove difficult to interpret with routine section.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antigens, CD; Antigens, CD20; Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Bone Marrow; CD3 Complex; Cell Movement; Dermatitis; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell; Leukemic Infiltration; Leukocyte Common Antigens; Leukosialin; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating; Macrophages; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Paraffin; Sialoglycoproteins; Skin; Staining and Labeling

Intrahepatic infiltrate from 18 patients who died of fulminant hepatitis, was analyzed by an immunohistochemical method using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver sections and monoclonal antibodies. Inflammatory cells were characteristically located in the portal and periportal areas adjoining resting hepatocytes, but were infrequently found in the perivenular areas where hemorrhagic hepatocyte necrosis predominated. In the inflammatory infiltrate, T cells were the most predominant cell type, composing about two-thirds of the total hepatic infiltrate, followed by lysozyme-positive macrophages which composed about one-third of the total hepatic infiltrate, irrespective of the etiology of the fulminant hepatitis. On the other hand, B cells made up less than 2% in all cases, and plasma cells were also few, less than 2% in 12 of 18 cases. Furthermore, an enhanced display of beta 2-microglobulin on hepatocyte membranes was demonstrated in all cases with remaining hepatocytes, indicating an increased expression of class I MHC antigens on these cells. These results suggest that T cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the portal and periportal lesions of fulminant hepatitis, probably with a help of MHC class I antigens on hepatocytes, while hemorrhagic necrosis of hepatocytes around the central veins may be caused by a different mechanism, most likely a circulatory disturbance secondary to cell-mediated immune reactions in the periportal areas.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Child, Preschool; Female; Hepatitis; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; Humans; Macrophages; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; T-Lymphocytes

To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain in the diagnosis of acute leukemia in light of the finer characterization of this disorder now available through immunophenotyping, we examined the blasts from 51 patients with newly diagnosed acute leukemia by morphological, cytochemical, and immunophenotypic analyses. The 51 patients represented every new case of acute leukemia subjected to cytochemical stains and flow cytometry between July 1987 and February 1989. By cell-surface marker analysis, 29 exhibited lymphocytic lineage, while 21 were myelocytic. One was mixed lineage. The PAS positivity, defined by the presence of blocks or coarse granules in 5% or more of the blasts, was found in 15 of 29 lymphoblastic leukemias and in four of the myeloblastic leukemias. However, PAS-positive lymphoblastic leukemias were negative with the other cytochemical stains: myeloperoxidase, Sudan black B, and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase. The PAS-positive myeloblastic leukemias were positive with at least one other stain. Three cases of myeloblastic leukemia exhibited greater than 10% PAS-positive blasts, with all three being acute monoblastic leukemia. Thus, the sensitivity and specificity of the PAS stain alone for lymphoblastic leukemia was 52% (15 true positives of 29) and 81% (four false positives), respectively. The sensitivity of a cytochemical-staining combination of PAS positivity and myeloperoxidase, Sudan black B, and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase negativity in defining cases of lymphoblastic leukemia remained at 52%; however, the specificity of this combination for lymphoblastic leukemia was 100% (no false positives). Thus, a positive PAS stain, in combination with negative myeloperoxidase, Sudan black B, and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase stains, continues to have a diagnostic role in the distinction between lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemia, and greater immunologic sophistication serves to support this position.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Leukemia; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Sensitivity and Specificity; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Bronchi; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Humans; Infant; Muramidase; Pneumonia

Middle ear infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae is important in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic otitis media, and lysozyme in middle ear fluid (MEF) is an important inflammatory mediator in this disease. To determine the source of lysozyme during the early period of acute pneumococcal otitis media, chinchillas were irradiated to induce neutropenia, and their middle ears were inoculated with heat-killed, encapsulated pneumococci. The number of inflammatory cells and concentration of lysozyme were measured in MEF between 6 and 72 hours after inoculation. In pneumococcus-inoculated ears, the mean number of inflammatory cells but not lysozyme was significantly lower in MEF from irradiated animals than that from nonirradiated animals at 6 hours. Since lysozyme accumulated in MEF before the influx of inflammatory cells in irradiated animals, the initial release of this inflammatory mediator is most likely not from inflammatory cells; and mucosal epithelial cells, the only other known source of lysozyme in the middle ear environment, were the probable source induced by the direct stimulation of pneumococci. Inflammatory cells may contribute lysozyme later in the inflammatory response, since cellular and lysozyme concentrations in irradiated and nonirradiated animals were similar between 24 and 72 hours. These results suggest that future therapeutic interventions to limit middle ear inflammation in acute otitis media may need to recognize the direct action of pneumococcal cells or their envelope components on middle ear epithelium.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Chinchilla; Leukocyte Count; Muramidase; Otitis Media with Effusion; Pneumococcal Infections

A 20-year-old male developed both coccygeal and leg pain and followed by rectocystic disturbance. Disc herniation between L5 and S was suspected and laminectomy was performed. At surgery, an easily curretable tumor occupied the epidural space from L5 to the end of the sacrum. In part, the tumor spread out of the vertebral canal and invaded the surrounding muscle tissue. This muscle tissue and part of the lamina were checked histologically. Initial blood analysis revealed 5% blast-like cells, but failed to confirm them as leukemic cells. Histologically, the tumor cells had round or oval nuclei with large nucleoli and scanty cytoplasm without granulocytic differentiation. Malignant lymphoma or Ewing's sarcoma was initially suspected, but the definite diagnosis was uncertain. Immunohistochemical staining with the PAP method and enzyme histochemistry revealed that the tumor cells were positive for lysozyme and naphthol ASD chloracetate esterase. Thus, granulocytic sarcoma was finally diagnosed. Electron microscopic findings supported this diagnosis. Subsequent karyotyping of bone marrow cells revealed 8; 21 translocation, thus the final diagnosis of this patient was myelodysplastic syndrome, refractory anemia with excess blast cells in transformation or acute myelogenous leukemia, M2, by the FAB classification.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8; Cytoplasmic Granules; Epidural Neoplasms; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Karyotyping; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Translocation, Genetic

Endotoxin levels and lysosomal protease (collagenase, cathepsin B, and lysozyme) activity were measured in 104 middle ear effusions (MEEs) from patients with otitis media with effusion (OME). The MEE samples were classified into four groups: pediatric serous, mucoid, and acute, and adult serous. Endotoxin levels and lysosomal protease activity in MEEs were significantly different in the following order: adult less than serous less than mucoid less than acute groups, indicating that both endotoxin and lysosomal proteases are more closely related to the pathogenesis of pediatric chronic OME than to adult OME. In pediatric serous and mucoid effusions, endotoxin level had a significant correlation with activity of the lysosomal proteases. In conclusion, endotoxin enhances leukocyte infiltration into the middle ear, and lysosomal proteases released from leukocytes damage the middle ear mucosa and thereby prolong mucosal inflammation, which may be responsible for delayed recovery from acute OME.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cathepsin B; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Endotoxins; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Microbial Collagenase; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Otitis Media with Effusion; Proteins

Recurrent sinusitis (RS) is a very common clinical problem for which no underlying cause can generally be ascertained. We examined nasal mucosal responses in 14 patients with RS to determine if a relative deficiency in secretion of glandular antimicrobial factors might play a role. Twenty-four subjects with no history of sinusitis were studied concurrently as normal control (NC) subjects. RS was defined by two or more episodes of acute sinusitis per year for 2 or more years. After provocation with 25 mg of methacholine or 1 mg of histamine, nasal washings were analyzed for total proteins: the plasma protein albumin, IgG, and nonsecretory IgA (nsIgA), and the glandular proteins secretory IgA (sIgA), lactoferrin (LFN), and lysozyme (LZM). Although baseline secretions in patients with RS were relatively enriched with LFN and LZM as compared to that of secretions in NC subjects, patients with RS had a blunted cholinergic response with decreased secretion of albumin, IgG, nsIgA, sIgA, and LZM. Histamine responses were equivalent in both patients with RS and NC subjects. After 4 to 12 months of medical treatment, the abnormal cholinergic responses improved on repeat methacholine challenge in all eight subjects with RS rechallenged. Thus, patients with RS have a reversible reduction in nasal mucosal secretory responses to cholinergic stimulation. Since glandular secretions are rich in antimicrobial factors, such as LFN, LZM, and sIgA, it appears possible that the inability to secrete glandular proteins normally may predispose to recurrent infections.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Immunoglobulin G; Lactoferrin; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Nasal Mucosa; Nasal Provocation Tests; Recurrence; Serum Albumin; Sinusitis

Microbiological methods for detection of antibiotic residues in milk give no explanations regarding the identity of the inhibitory substance(s). Natural antibacterial substances, present at higher concentrations in mastitic milk and in colostrum, occasionally cause false positive results in antibiotic assays. In an earlier investigation, lysozyme and lactoferrin were shown to inhibit the growth of Bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis spores, used as test organism in Delvotest P. To study the effect of high lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations in milk on the Delvotest P, cows were subjected to acute experimental mastitis by infusion of Salmonella typhimurium SH 4809 endotoxin. Milk samples were collected up to 11 h postinfusion. Concentrations of lactoferrin and lysozyme, somatic cell count, and effect on Delvotest P were determined. A positive reaction in the Delvotest correlated well with an increase in lactoferrin and lysozyme concentrations. The nature of the inhibitory effect is briefly discussed.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Cattle; Cell Count; Female; Lactoferrin; Lactoglobulins; Mastitis, Bovine; Milk; Muramidase

Three variants of the immunoenzymometric assay of human lysozyme with HRP-labeled antibodies were compared. The highest sensitivity (with a detection limit of 0.2 micrograms lysozyme/L) was achieved by a one-step assay lasting 2 h. Between-batch precision for the techniques was 6-11%. Lysozyme reference values were determined in serum, cerebrospinal fluid and urine. In serum they are age-dependent and in urine sex-dependent when related to creatinine excretion. Serum lysozyme is increased in only 57% of the patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and is also unreliable for indicating remission. In Crohn's disease the serum lysozyme reflects activity better, but it does not exceed the diagnostic value of alpha-1-acidic glycoprotein (orosomucoid). The lysozyme quantification in cerebrospinal fluid is useful in distinguishing between viral or bacterial meningitis.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Body Fluids; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Crohn Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Enzyme Stability; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Infant, Newborn; Meningitis; Meningitis, Viral; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Nervous System Diseases; Reference Values

An investigation of the lysozyme activity of the hepatic tissue, B-bile and C-bile has shown that in mechanical jaundice the lysozyme activity of the hepatic tissue is increased. A reliable decrease of the C-bile lysozyme activity is noted in patients with purulent cholangitis. In spite of adequate methods of external drainage of bile ducts in purulent cholangitis the bacterial activity of bile due to lysozyme is recovered slowly. The results obtained allow to make the degree of inflammation of bile ducts objective and to optimize the duration of antibacterial therapy.

Topics: Acute Disease; Bile; Cholangitis; Cholecystitis; Enzyme Repression; Gallstones; Humans; Liver; Muramidase

Topics: Acute Disease; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Appendicitis; Cholecystitis; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Innate; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Peritonitis; Postoperative Care

We studied the contribution of pneumococcal cell wall to the pathogenesis of otitis media in chinchillas after middle ear inoculation of killed, encapsulated type 7F Streptococcus pneumoniae; killed, unencapsulated R6 S. pneumoniae; and isolated R6 pneumococcal cell wall. Ears inoculated with encapsulated and unencapsulated pneumococci had significantly higher concentrations of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes and lysozyme in middle ear fluid and developed more epithelial metaplasia and granulation tissue than did saline-inoculated ears. The mean concentration of lysozyme in middle ear fluid was higher in ears inoculated with killed, unencapsulated than encapsulated pneumococci. The middle ear mucoperiosteum of ears inoculated with pneumococcal cell wall showed significantly more polymorphonuclear leukocytes, epithelial metaplasia, subepithelial congestion, and granulation tissue than did control ears. Because nonviable, unencapsulated pneumococci and pneumococcal cell wall caused middle ear inflammation in the chinchilla model of otitis media, it is possible that cell envelope and cell wall components released during bacterial lysis may contribute to chronic otitis media with effusion in humans.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Cell Wall; Chinchilla; Chronic Disease; Ear, Middle; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Otitis Media with Effusion; Periosteum; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Temporal Bone

We sought to determine whether the clinical setting in which pancreatitis occurs affects the incidence and distribution of increased values of renal clearance of amylase relative to creatinine, CAm/CCr, and whether the increased values reflect a tubular disorder that impairs renal reclamation of certain low molecular weight proteins. We measured the renal clearance of three low molecular weight proteins (amylase, beta 2-microglobulin, and lysozyme) and urinary excretion of three lysosomal enzymes that originate from the renal tubule in three groups of patients (alcoholic pancreatitis, pancreatitis without alcoholism, and alcoholism without pancreatitis). When compared to normal controls, the mean CAm/CCr was significantly elevated in alcoholic pancreatitis (p less than 0.05) but not in equally severe pancreatitis without alcoholism nor in alcoholism without pancreatitis. The clearance ratio of beta 2-microglobulin was significantly increased in each of the three patient groups; mean clearance ratio of lysozyme was not significantly increased in any of the patient groups. Excretion of each of the three lysosomal enzymes was significantly increased in each of the patient groups. We conclude that the etiology of pancreatitis affects the distribution of values for CAm/CCr, impaired tubular reclamation of amylase is the mechanism of the increase in CAm/CCr, and a factor or factors associated with both pancreatitis and with alcoholism per se appear to disorder the renal tubule and to impair tubular reclamation of some but not all low molecular weight proteins-a novel finding of considerable potential significance.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acute Disease; Alcoholism; Amylases; beta 2-Microglobulin; Cerebroside-Sulfatase; Creatinine; Glucuronidase; Humans; Kidney Tubules; Muramidase; Pancreatitis

Systemic and local humoral immunity and nonspecific defense factors were investigated in 88 patients with duodenal peptic ulcers and 18 patients with gastric ulcers. In acute conditions, nonspecific defence was depressed and blood IgG level was increased in peptic ulcer patients. An increase in complement titre, C3 and lysozyme, and a decrease in IgG were recorded after treatment, although normal levels were never attained. Salivary, gastric-juice and duodenal-content secretory IgA levels were characteristically increased during acute phases of peptic ulcer; salivary IgA declined after treatment. The disturbance of nonspecific defence, systemic and local humoral immunity, demonstrated in patients with peptic ulcers, may be regarded as a possible ulcerogenic mechanism.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Antibody Formation; Complement C3; Female; Gastric Juice; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Peptic Ulcer; Saliva

ANLL followed a brief period of aplastic anemia in a man treated intensively 4 years and 3 months previously with dacarbazine as "adjuvant" therapy for malignant melanoma. This is the first reported instance in which the latency between drug exposure and onset of leukemia strongly implicates dacarbazine as a leukemogenic agent.

Topics: Acute Disease; Dacarbazine; Humans; Leukemia; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Scalp; Skin Neoplasms

To identify adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia at risk for the development of central nervous system involvement, we performed periodic cerebrospinal fluid examinations on patients in remission. Among 58 consecutive patients monitored during first remission, central nervous system leukemia developed in nine (16 percent). Four patients, including one who was symptomatic, had central nervous system leukemia detected simultaneously with marrow relapse. Five additional patients were asymptomatic and continue to have bone marrow remission. Following central nervous system and systemic treatment, two of these five patients have never had relapse, and three had relapse in the bone marrow five, 10, and 21 months later. Factors at diagnosis associated with the subsequent development of central nervous system leukemia were elevated leukocyte count, serum lysozyme and lactate dehydrogenase, extramedullary infiltration including splenomegaly, and monocytic (FAB M4 or M5a) morphology. In six of 17 patients (35 percent) with monocytic morphology, central nervous system leukemia developed compared with only three of 41 patients (7 percent) with other subtypes (p = 0.02). Discriminant analysis identified leukocyte count, splenomegaly, and M4 or M5a morphology as the most important risk factors and led to a mathematical formula that correctly identified 90 percent of the patients. Although the risk of central nervous system leukemia in adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia is too low to justify routine prophylaxis, those patients recognized to be at a greater risk should receive prophylaxis or be monitored closely with periodic lumbar punctures.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Female; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia; Leukocyte Count; Male; Meningeal Neoplasms; Muramidase; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Splenomegaly

We have examined sixty-seven surgically removed allograft kidneys to identify the different leukocyte subsets of interstitial infiltration and the early vascular lesions which characterize renal allograft rejection. Histochemical and immunohistochemical results (mouse monoclonal antibodies anti: Leu 1, Leu 3a-3b, Leu 7, Leu 2a, OK Ia-Dr, OKB2, Leu M1, Leu M3; rabbit heteroclonal antibodies anti -: IgA, IgG, IgM, C3, fibrinogen, lysozyme; lectins-ABC: RCA, WGA, UEA) and routine histochemical staining have shown an increase of T-helper and T-activated lymphocyte subsets in acute rejection. Neutrophilic leucocytes were present in hyperacute rejection; macrophages were also noted. In chronic rejection, several lymphocyte subsets, in different ratios, were identified. Monocyte/macrophage leukocytes were the most abundant cell population. IgA deposits were noted on tubular epithelia in hyperacute and chronic rejections. IgM deposits were observed in vascular walls in chronic rejection. C3 and fibrinogen deposits were seen in glomerular capillaries and in arterial walls, although in different ratios, in all cases of renal allograft rejections. We have generally seen weak reactions to IgG deposits. Histochemical analysis of lectin receptors has given different results according to the type of rejection considered. In hyperacute rejection, receptors for WGA were found both on glomerular endothelial cells and on the tubular brush border. In the latter, receptors for RCA were also found. In acute rejection, receptors for UEA and WGA were found in a lower number of cases of acute vascular rejection. In acute cellular rejection, receptors for RCA, UEA and WGA were recognized in tubular epithelia. In acute vascular rejection, as well as in chronic rejection, only receptors for WGA were present on tubular epithelia and on capillary loop endothelium. The use of anti-human lysozyme antibodies has yielded the following results: in acute and hyperacute rejection, when renal failure occurred, we saw a high ratio of lysozyme, either coarsely granular or diffuse in the proximal tubular epithelia. Lysozyme was found in myelocyte/macrophage cells within capillary loops and arterial walls, when acute necrotizing vasculitis was present. In acute rejection, proximal tubular cells were lysozyme-negative or lysozyme-positive only segmentally, especially when obliterative vasculitis by fibrointimal proliferation was present and renal function progressively failed. In most of the chron

Topics: Acute Disease; Graft Rejection; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Inflammation; Kidney; Kidney Transplantation; Lectins; Lymphocytes; Muramidase; Plant Lectins; Receptors, Mitogen; Staining and Labeling; Vascular Diseases; Wheat Germ Agglutinins

The tear lysozyme levels were measured by immunoassay in 92 healthy subjects and 98 patients with acute adenovirus conjunctivitis. They were found to be significantly decreased during the acute phase of the disease. The extent of this decline in the tear lysozyme level was correlated with increased severity of disease. There was no significant difference in the tear lysozyme level in viral isolation-positive and isolation-negative patients. The tear lysozyme level showed return to normal levels with clinical improvement.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adenoviridae Infections; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Conjunctivitis, Viral; Female; Humans; Immunoassay; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Tears

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Coronary Disease; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Nitroglycerin

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Blood Proteins; Chronic Disease; Complement System Proteins; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Lymph; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Pancreatitis; Proteins; Serologic Tests

Immunohistochemical detection of lactoferrin (LF), lysozyme (LZ) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was made in obstructive adenitis of the submandibular glands. Atrophic and altered acinar cells in the early stage of the lesion stained strongly for LF, whereas they were unreactive or stained slightly for LZ. Ductal cells usually stained for LZ. Staining for CEA was strong and irregularly distributed in altered acinar cells. Duct-like structures and dilated ductal segments in the chronic stage were generally negative for LF, LZ and CEA. Secretory components in luminal cavities gave abundant staining for LF, LZ and CEA. Histocytes which infiltrated into the connective tissue in the later stage showed a positive LZ reaction.

Topics: Acute Disease; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Chronic Disease; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lactoferrin; Lactoglobulins; Muramidase; Salivary Gland Diseases; Sialadenitis; Submandibular Gland; Submandibular Gland Diseases

A wide variety of tests for the detection of circulating immune complexes (IC) has been proposed by different authors, but there is very little to no information concerning the performance of IC screening assays in samples known to contain in vivo-formed IC. The purpose of our investigation was to compare the behavior of a non-specific assay, the PEG-IgG screening test for IC, with an antigen-specific assay in serum samples sequentially obtained from rabbits to which we induced acute serum sickness. Five animals were used in the study; we were able to detect an increase of IC constituted by the heterologous antigen (human serum albumin) and corresponding antibodies in all, and in 4 animals the results of the PEG-IgG assay closely correlated with the results of the antigen-specific assay (rho values between 0.975 and 1.00). The 4 animals in which IC showed a definite peak by both assays developed proteinuria and IC deposits at the glomerular level, while the animal that failed to develop IC detectable by the PEG-IgG test remained normal throughout the study. These results demonstrate the ability of the PEG-IgG test to detect in vivo-formed IC and suggest that the IC detected by this test have pathogenic potential.

Topics: Acute Disease; Albuminuria; Animals; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Autoimmune Diseases; Disease Models, Animal; Immunoglobulin G; Longitudinal Studies; Muramidase; Polyethylene Glycols; Proteinuria; Rabbits; Serum Sickness

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Age Factors; Alcoholism; Enzyme Activation; Ethanol; Humans; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Psychoses, Alcoholic

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Blood Donors; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Humans; Immune System Diseases; Intestinal Diseases; Leukemia; Lung Diseases; Muramidase; Sarcoidosis

Sixty-four patients were examined clinically and immunologically at a long-term period following craniocerebral trauma. In patients with a history of head trauma impaired adaptation mechanisms were shown to underlie the neurologic disorders, which was reflected in changes in the natural immunity system. The severity and duration of natural resistance impairments were correlated with the gravity of clinical manifestations. The study of the time-course of natural resistance parameters allows the objective evaluation of the degree of central nervous system recovery following closed craniocerebral trauma.

Topics: Acute Disease; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Brain Injuries; Complement System Proteins; Diencephalon; Extrapyramidal Tracts; Humans; Lysine; Mesencephalon; Muramidase

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Blood Proteins; Dysentery; Feces; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Muramidase; Proteins

Topics: Acute Disease; Child; Gastric Juice; Histamine; Histamine Antagonists; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Muramidase; Peptic Ulcer

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Leukemia; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Muramidase; Phagocytosis

A total of 359 patients with acute pneumonia and 152 practically healthy subjects comprising the control group were examined. Immunofluorescence was used to investigate nasopharyngeal washings for detecting antigens of influenza and parainfluenza viruses, respiratory-syncytial virus, adenoviruses, whereas serological studies according to the hemagglutination delay test with diagnostic agents for detecting influenza A1, A2, B, types 1, 2 and 3 parainfluenza, and the complement fixation test were made to detect antibodies against adenoviruses. Serological (65%) and immunofluorescence (63%) studies revealed associations of different viruses: type 3 and 1 parainfluenza, respiratory-syncytial virus (73%) with adenoviruses, influenza B, A2, type 2 parainfluenza. Association of different bacteria was observed in 67% of patients: hemolytic staphylococcus (65%), hemolytic streptococcus (50%), pneumococci (45%), P. aeruginosa (40%), P. mirabilis (35%), E. coli (30%), enterococci (25%). Associations of 3-2 causative agents were predominant (53%). Marked decrease in the content of complement and beta-lysins, elevation of the level of lysozyme were observed in patients with viral-bacterial and viral pneumonias as compared to the same characteristics in patients with bacterial pneumonia and in control group subjects.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antibodies, Viral; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Blood Proteins; Complement System Proteins; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Viral; Proteins

Plasma and intracellular levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) and lysozyme activities were investigated in 20 patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), 18 patients with acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL) and 10 patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia in blast transformation (CML/BT). Though the plasma levels of LDH and PHI in all patients with acute leukemia were elevated as compared to control persons there was no distinctive pattern which could be of use in the classification of acute leukemia. On the other hand the intracellular levels of these enzymes could be of value in classifying acute leukemia. The leukemic lymphoblasts were characterized by low levels of PHI and lysozyme as compared to leukemic myeloblasts or to normal lymphocytes (p less than 0.01). The LDH/PHI ratio is also significantly higher in leukemic lymphoblasts than in leukemic myeloblasts or in normal lymphocytes (p always less than 0.01). These characteristics might also be made use of in identifying the blasts of CML/BT als "lymphoid" or "myeloid" in corresponding cases.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Female; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Stem Cells

In acute dendritic keratitis, the lacrimal flow is increased in the affected eye but not in the normal fellow eye. After recovery the tearflow returns to normal. The lysozyme concentration in the affected and the normal fellow eye do not differ statistically significantly nor do they differ significantly from values of an age- and sex-matched control group. There is no correlation between tearflow and lysozyme concentration. These findings support the view of a constant composition of stimulated tear fluid, irrespective of tear volume produced.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Female; Humans; Keratitis, Dendritic; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Tears

Eighty nine patients were examined that had various clinical-morphological forms of acute leukosis, the phagocytic activity of leukosis cells being determined and the synthesis and secretion of lysozyme by them followed up, reflected in its serum level. Leukosis cells of monoblast type were established to have the ability to ingest staphylococci, candida and particles of latex, as well as to synthesize lysozyme, confirmed by the highly elevated enzyme quantity in the sera of the patients. Those functional manifestations are proposed to be used as additional criteria in the determination of cellular type of leukosis proliferation.

Topics: Acute Disease; Bone Marrow; Diagnosis, Differential; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukocytes; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Phagocytosis

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Child; Humans; Mucus; Muramidase; Nasal Mucosa; Respiratory Tract Infections; Saliva; Virus Diseases

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Colony-Forming Units Assay; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases; Female; Humans; Interleukin-2; Leukemia; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Phenotype; Prognosis

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Complement System Proteins; Female; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Immunoglobulins; Lysine; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Chronic Disease; Humans; Lymphocyte Activation; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Phytohemagglutinins; Pneumonia; Serotonin; T-Lymphocytes

The state of phagocytic activity of neutrophils, phagocytic index, opsonic coefficient, activity of blood serum lysozyme were studied with acute gastro-intestinal hemorrhages (ulcerous etiology in 116 patients, non-ulcerous etiology in 76 patients). The dependence of reduction of indices of phagocytosis and blood serum lysozyme on the degree of blood loss and duration of the posthemorrhagic period was revealed which may be used in clinical practice.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Volume; Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Peptic Ulcer; Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage; Phagocytosis; Recurrence

Granulocytic sarcoma is an uncommon tumor composed of granulocytic precursor cells. Because it occurs in a variety of clinical settings and because the tumor cells are primitive it is frequently unrecognized during life. This presentation details the authors' experience with 61 biopsy-proven granulocytic sarcomas. The patient age range was from 2 to 81 years (mean 48 years). In eight patients the tumors were multiple. Most common sites of involvement were bone, periosteum, soft tissue, lymph node and skin. Twenty-two tumors occurred in 15 patients with no known disease, 26 occurred in 24 patients with a known myeloproliferative disorder, and 13 occurred in 11 patients with proven acute myeloid leukemia. Thirteen of the 15 patients with no known disease developed acute leukemia in from one to 49 months after the biopsy of their tumors (mean 10 months). Most tumors occurring in patients with a known myeloproliferative disorder were associated with blast crisis. The authors' cases displayed a morphologic range from well-differentiated to those tumors that displayed virtually no evidence of differentiation by conventional microscopy. It was therefore not surprising that most tumors were originally diagnosed as lymphoma. Chloro-acetate esterase (CAE) stains were performed on 56 tumors and 47 were studied with antilysozyme immunoperoxidase technique. Fifty-six of the 57 specimens studied by either technique were positive. Antilysozyme immunoperoxidase stains were particularly useful in confirming the diagnosis.

Topics: Acetates; Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary

Plasma lysozyme levels have been reported to reflect the functional status of the reticuloendothelial system (RES). We measured plasma lysozyme levels in 22 patients with acute hepatitis and 21 patients with cirrhosis and a mesocaval shunt. In 17 of these patients RES function was assessed by measuring the disappearance rate (t/2) of radio-labelled sulphur colloid. In acute hepatitis plasma lysozyme levels and colloid t/2 were significantly lower than in health controls and cirrhotics. In the acute hepatitis patients, the plasma lysozyme levels rose significantly two weeks after admission as the hepatitis improved. The colloid t/2 of the 17 patients with liver disease was significantly correlated with the plasma lysozyme level (r = +0.66, p = 0.005). These results suggest that in human liver disease, in comparison with animal experiments, plasma lysozyme is dependent on RES functional status in the sense that a more active RES will result in a lower lysozyme level.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Female; Hepatitis; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Muramidase; Sulfur; Technetium; Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid

Topics: Acute Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Muramidase; Potassium

To verify whether renal tubular dysfunction may account for the CAm/CCr enhancement in acute pancreatitis (AP), we have measured the renal excretion of amylase, lysozyme, and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGTP) in 22 patients with AP and in 8 with acute tubular necrosis. While the CAm/CCr ratio was elevated in most patients with AP, the CLys/CCr ratio fell within the normal range in 60% of these patients. The subdivision of patients with AP in subgroups with elevated and normal CLys/CCr ratios revealed a mean CAm/CCr not statistically different. Moreover, no correlation was present in AP between amylase vs. both lysozyme and GGTP clearances. These data suggest that tubular dysfunction does occur in some but not in all the patients with AP and seems not to play a major role in the pathogenesis of the increased CAm/CCr ratio in this condition.

Topics: Acute Disease; Amylases; Creatinine; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Humans; Kidney Tubules; Muramidase; Necrosis; Pancreatitis

Topics: Acute Disease; Bronchi; Bronchiectasis; Bronchitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Immunoglobulins; Infant; Lactoferrin; Muramidase; Pneumonia, Staphylococcal

Topics: Acute Disease; Bacteriuria; Child; Child, Preschool; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Humans; Muramidase; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections

Urinary levels of lysozyme activity were measured in 32 children afflicted with acute or chronic urinary tract infection and compared to a group of 30 healthy subjects. A significant difference in the levels of lysozyme activity between the two groups could be observed. In the subjects with acute urinary tract infection the lysozyme levels in the urine were additionally determined at the beginning of the therapy, on the third day, the tenth day and three days after cessation of therapy. High lysozyme levels encountered at the onset of the infection showed under therapy a clear tendency to decrease and in all cases no lysozyme was present three days after therapy was completed. The possible causes of the pathological lysozymuria are discussed. The determination of lysozyme is thus an additional method by which to control the course and outcome of urinary tract infections.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Muramidase; Recurrence; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase

Interrelation between the level of the serum lysozyme and the count of the leucocytes, as well as the severity of the disease was found in testing of the peripheral blood of 133 patients with acute Sonnei and Flexner dysentery. It is recommended to use the lysozyme index in the clinical practice as one of the additional criteria for estimation of the severity of acute dysentery.

Topics: Acute Disease; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Dysentery, Bacillary; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Monocytes; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Shigella flexneri; Shigella sonnei

In order to assess to what extent glomerular or tubular function is involved in the renal handling of amylase and the lysozyme to creatine clearance ratios (CAm/CCr and CLys/CCr) were evaluated in 22 healthy volunteers and in 71 patients with different renal diseases. In normal controls, the mean CAm/CCr was 2.55 +/-1.54 SD, with an upper normal limit of 5.56. A normal ratio was found in patients with glomerulonephritis, with or without a nephrotic syndrome, and in patients with pyelonephritis. A significantly elevated ratio (P less than 0.001) was instead found in patients with uremia and in patients with uremia and in patients with either chronic or acute tubular damage. The CLus/CCr ratio was elevated in all the groups, except in patients with glomerulonephritis and minimal proteinuria. These results show that in humans, as in animals, the amylase filtered load undergoes partial tubular reabsorption. In renal diseases, an increase of the CAm/CCr is caused by either a marked reduction of functioning nephrons or a severe tubular damage, while the glomerular permeability does not seem to be involved. Some other mechanism is probably involved in the elevation of the CAm/CCr during acute pancreatitis.

Topics: Acute Disease; Amylases; Creatinine; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Glomerulus; Muramidase; Nephrotic Syndrome; Pancreatitis; Proteinuria; Pyelonephritis

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Age Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Muramidase; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Antibody Formation; Child; Child, Preschool; Complement C3; Dysentery; Feces; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Infant; Muramidase

Topics: Acute Disease; Antitoxins; C-Reactive Protein; Chronic Disease; Complement System Proteins; Female; Humans; Muramidase; Obstetric Labor Complications; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pyelonephritis; Staphylococcal Infections

Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme in a patient with type 2 acute neuronopathic Gaucher's disease (242 nmol/min/ml) was 10.8 times higher than values for eight patients with other hereditary neurologic abnormalities (22.5 +/- 2.0) and 9.4 times higher than those for 12 patients with other diseases (25.7 +/- 2.6) (P less than 0.001). Serum lysozyme was not elevated in the patient with type 2 Gaucher's disease. These results indicate that elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme in an infant with neurologic involvement and hepatosplenomegaly is suggestive of the possibility of type 2 Gaucher's disease. Typical Gaucher's cells and fibrosis were observed by light and electron microscopy of the liver. An aspect hitherto unreported in Gaucher's disease or in the liver was that approximately 20% of the collagen fibrils were of the long-spacing type, with periodicity of 1,000 to 1,100 A and diameters of 900 to 1,500 A.

Topics: Acute Disease; Gaucher Disease; Humans; Infant; Liver; Male; Muramidase; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Uremia

Serum lysozyme activity was measured in samples from children with acute leukemia, malignant tumours, and in normal children. All children with acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL) had significantly reduced levels of lysozyme at diagnosis, and none of the children fell within the normal range. Children with ALL in complete remission had lysozyme levels comparable to normal chidren, while children with ALL in relapse also had pathological low levels. Children with ALL in remission and off therapy also had normal levels of lysozyme. Children with acute myelogenous leukemia had normal lysozyme levels, while children with monomyelocytic leukemia had substantially elevated lysozyme levels before treatment. Determination of serum lysozyme activity in children with acute leukemia is of value both for diagnosis and for evaluating the effect of therapy.

Topics: Acute Disease; Child; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Muramidase; Remission, Spontaneous

N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30, recommended name beta-N-Acetylglucosaminidase) was found to be a constituent of human cardiac lysosomes. beta-glucuronidase was also found in this tissue, while lysozyme, an enzyme present in leucocyte lysosomes, was not detectable in the heart. The activities of both N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase were elevated in plasma during the first 24 h after the onset of chest pain in patients with acute myocardial infarction and the peak levels of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase correlated well with those of creatine kinase. N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase showed a further rise in plasma activity which gave a peak at 72 h after the onset of chest pain and this was accompanied by a rise in lysozyme activity. It is suggested that lysosome disruption caused by myocardial cell necrosis was responsible for the initial rise in plasma lysosomal enzyme activity and that the subsequent inflammatory reaction gave rise to the second peak.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acute Disease; Creatine Kinase; Female; Glucuronidase; Hexosaminidases; Humans; Isoenzymes; Lysosomes; Male; Muramidase; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardium; Subcellular Fractions

The activity of lysozyme in feces was estimated in a control group of 50 healthy infants and in a group of 152 infants with acute diarrhoea. All infants investigated were artificially nourished. In the latter group the activity of lysozyme was estimated twice: a) at the beginning of clinically active phase of the disease and (b) in the convalescence period immediately after withdrawal of clinical symptoms. The range of normal values was 14.9--77.0 (average 44.0) of egg-white lysozyme units/g dry feces. In acute diarrhoea the activity of lysozyme in feces was found to be elevated in 72.4% of cases in the first determinations and in an additional 7.6% of cases in the second determination (i.e. a total of 80% of cases in both determinations). The average elevations of lysozyme activity in the feces and the dynamics of their normalization after withdrawal of clinical symptoms were generally related to the severity of the disease.

Topics: Acute Disease; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Diarrhea; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Feces; Humans; Infant; Muramidase

Topics: Acute Disease; Chronic Disease; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Leukemia; Muramidase; Reference Values

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anemia, Aplastic; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Leukemia; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Pancytopenia

The lysozyme level in tears of patients with HSV eye infection was examined and correlated with the clinical findings and presence of virus. The concentration of the enzyme in tears of patients during acute attack was 2.83 mg./ml. This value was significantly lower than that in tears from healthy controls (6.1 mg./ml.) and tears from the patient's healthy eye (4.46 mg./ml.). After termination of treatment with either IUDR or poly I:C, the lysozyme level rose to an average of 4.34 mg./ml. During the latent period of the disease the level increased (5.34 mg./ml.), but it remained lower than in healthy subjects who had never suffered from HSV eye infection. This may be an indicator of possible future recurrences.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Idoxuridine; Keratitis, Dendritic; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Poly I-C; Simplexvirus; Tears

44 patients suffering from myelomonocytic leukemia (MML) have been observed over the last four years. They have been subclassified in acute myelomonocytic and acute monoblastic leukemias (AMML, n = 12; AMoL, n = 10), subacute myelomonocytic leukemias (SMML, n = 13), and chronic myelomonocytic leukemias (CMML, n = 9) on the basis of bone marrow cytology(blast and promonocyte counts, maturation of granulopoesis) and cytochemical findings (peroxydase and unspecific esterase reaction). This subclassification has been proved to be of prognostic relevance by its good correlation with the mean survival times (AMML : 4.5 months, AMoL : 2.4 months, SMML : 8 months, CMML : 18 months). The acute forms have been treated in general with combined cytostatic chemotherapy, whereas SMML and CMML have been treated this way only in case of progression to an acute phase. These progressions to an AMML have been observed more often and earlier in subacute forms than in chronic forms. The diagnosis of SMML and CMML is supported by the finding of sea-blue histiocytes in the bone marrow, increased lysozyme levels in serum and urine and by the absence of the Philadelphia-Chromosome.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bone Marrow Examination; Chronic Disease; Female; Histiocytes; Humans; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Prognosis

Topics: Acute Disease; Age Factors; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Ethylenediamines; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Methylamines; Muramidase; Rhinitis

Topics: Acute Disease; Appendicitis; Child; Humans; Muramidase

The amount of immunoglobulins A and G and lysozyme in bronchial secretions of children with pneumonia was higher than in ones of bronchitis and infected asthma patients. Immunoglobulins levels increased also with the age of patients.

Topics: Acute Disease; Bronchi; Child; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Muramidase; Respiratory Tract Infections

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Bone Marrow; Child; Child, Preschool; Complement System Proteins; Humans; Infant; Leukemia; Lymphocytes; Muramidase

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Hematologic Diseases; Hemophilia A; Humans; Leukemia; Male; Muramidase

Topics: Acute Disease; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Humans; Muramidase; Pyelonephritis

Topics: Acute Disease; Antibodies, Bacterial; Appendicitis; Complement System Proteins; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; Immunity, Active; Male; Muramidase

134 cases of acute leukemia in adults were classified according a "double blind" cytological diagnosis, a cytochemical study, and lysozyme assay. Each type has distinct characters, allowing a good nosological definition. The histochemical methods, as well as lysozyme assay are usually unnecessary, particularly in well differenciated myeloblastic, promyelocytic or myelo-monocytic acute leukemia. They are, on the contrary, frequently useful in poorly differenciated myeloblastic or monoblastic leukemia. But, they cannot help to solve every problem in cytological diagnosis: there are still 10% of undifferenciated acute leukemia, the lymphoblastic acute leukemia are not clearly defined and 4% of cases of acute leukemia have atypical characters leading to difficulties in cytological classification. The need for new methods and markers is emphasized.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Blood Cells; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Diagnosis, Differential; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Muramidase

The level of total Enterobacterial Enterotoxins of the blood serum, of beta-lysins, lysozyme activity, complement and normal antibodies were studied in 191 patients with acute Flexner dysentery and in 285 patients with acute Sonne dysentery, depending on the period of the disease, its severity, the treatment applied, and the species of the causative agent. The level of the nonspecific humoral immunity factors increased before the treatment and its normalization depended on the treatment applied.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Antibodies; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Complement System Proteins; Dysentery, Bacillary; Female; Furazolidone; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Shigella flexneri; Shigella sonnei; Sulfathiazoles

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Complement System Proteins; Female; Humans; Immunity; Male; Meningococcal Infections; Muramidase; Time Factors

The amylase:creatinine clearance ratio in patients suffering from acute pancreatitis or acute duodenal perforation was higher than normal in both groups of patients. These findings cast doubt on the value of this parameter as a specific index of acute pancreatitis. The mechanism or mechanisms underlying the increased amylase excretion have not been determined. However, the markedly elevated urinary excretion of lysozyme observed in some patients suggests, by analogy, that diminished tubular reabsorption of amylase may contribute towards the elevated amylase:creatinine ratio.

Topics: Acute Disease; Amylases; Creatinine; Duodenal Ulcer; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Muramidase; Pancreatitis; Peptic Ulcer Perforation

Topics: Acute Disease; Antistreptolysin; C-Reactive Protein; Complement System Proteins; Humans; Muramidase; Orosomucoid; Pneumonia; Sialic Acids

Topics: Acute Disease; Chronic Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Muramidase

Topics: Acute Disease; Child; Child, Preschool; Diarrhea, Infantile; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Muramidase

Topics: Acute Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Leukemia; Muramidase

Topics: Acute Disease; Antibodies, Heterophile; Brain; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Complement System Proteins; Hemolysin Proteins; Humans; Immunity; Infarction; Leukocytes; Muramidase; Phagocytosis; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Time Factors

A series of 30 unselected patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) was treated with combination chemotherapy, including three courses of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) by 5-day continuous i.v. infusion, vincristine i.v. weekly, and prednisone daily to complete remission. Ara-C was administered alone as a 5-day continuous i.v. infusion monthly for maintenance. Ten (33%) achieved a complete remission (CR). The remaining 30 (67%), including temporary partial remissions, hematologic improvements, inadequate trials, and early deaths, were all considered failures. The CR rate was 57% in those 17 cases receiving an adequate trial. After After 5 1/2 years' followup, the overall median survival, including cases failing to achieve CR, was 3.1 months. For those having adequate trials the median survival was 16.6 months, and for those achieving a CR, 36.6 months. Two patients are still alive, one at 55.2 months on maintenance therapy, and the other at 62.8 months, currently unmaintained.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Bone Marrow Diseases; Child; Cytarabine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Leukemia; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Prednisone; Vincristine

Examination of 108 patients showed that burn disease was accompanied by significant impairments in the host natural resistance. Inclusion of intramuscular administrations of crystalline lysozyme into the complex therapy of such patients during septicotoxemia provided an increase in the factors of humoral and cell immunity. In most of the cases the dynamics of the indices of the host immunological reactivity correlated with the character of the clinical signs of the burn disease. The positive effect of lysozyme was evident in the cases with severe complications such as pneumonia, bacteriemia and burns of the upper respiratory organs.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Burns; Female; Humans; Immunity; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Culture Techniques; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; HeLa Cells; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Influenza, Human; Mice; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses; Respiratory Tract Infections; Respirovirus

Topics: Acute Disease; Amylases; Chronic Disease; Creatinine; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Lipase; Muramidase; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pancreatitis; Proteinuria

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Animals; Chronic Disease; Crystallization; Dogs; Glucuronidase; Gout; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Knee Joint; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukocyte Count; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Phagocytosis; Pressure; Synovial Fluid; Synovial Membrane; Synovitis; Time Factors; Uric Acid

Topics: Acetates; Acute Disease; Amino Acids; Animals; Binding Sites; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chickens; Circular Dichroism; Egg White; Glucosamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Leukemia, Myeloid; Mathematics; Mice; Muramidase; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Rats; Tryptophan; Tyrosine

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; L Forms; Leukemia; Leukocyte Count; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Muramidase; Penicillins; Pneumonia; Prednisolone

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase

Topics: Acute Disease; Age Factors; Aged; Agranulocytosis; Anemia; Bone Marrow Examination; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Ecchymosis; Erythropoiesis; Female; Hematocrit; Humans; Iron; Leukemia; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Splenomegaly; Syndrome; Thrombocytopenia

Topics: Acute Disease; Antineoplastic Agents; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Complement System Proteins; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Muramidase; Remission, Spontaneous; Transferrin

On the assumption that increased urinary lysozyme concentration (;lysozymuria') indicates tubular proteinuria and therefore impaired tubular function, urinary lysozyme has been estimated in acute disorders where transient disturbances of renal function might be expected, in cases diagnosed clinically as extrarenal uraemia, and in a few examples of acute renal disease. Reversible lysozymuria occurred with hypokalaemia, postoperative ;collapse', electrolyte depletion, severe extrarenal infection, acute pyelonephritis, the nephrotic syndrome, after a few apparently uncomplicated surgical operations, and very transiently after ventricular fibrillation abolished by DC shock. There was no lysozymuria with severe uraemic heart failure, aspirin and paracetamol poisoning, or severe jaundice, nor in two cases of acute glomerulonephritis. Although lysozymuria may occasionally be useful in the clinical diagnosis of acutely disordered renal function, the results suggest that its value is limited; on the other hand, they have provided information on renal pathophysiology in acute disease.

Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Disease; Aspirin; Electroshock; Glomerulonephritis; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypokalemia; Jaundice; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Tubules; Muramidase; Myocardial Infarction; Nephrotic Syndrome; Pneumonia; Postoperative Complications; Proteinuria; Pyelonephritis; Uremia; Ventricular Fibrillation

Topics: Acute Disease; Bacteriolysis; Humans; Leukemia; Leukocytes; Methods; Muramidase

Topics: Acute Disease; Cellulitis; Chronic Disease; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Lymphadenitis; Muramidase; Osteomyelitis; Pneumonia, Staphylococcal; Staphylococcal Infections

Topics: Acute Disease; C-Reactive Protein; Complement System Proteins; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Muramidase; Pneumonia; Properdin

Topics: Acute Disease; Adenosine; Aminohydrolases; Electrophoresis; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Muramidase; Mycosis Fungoides; Phenotype

Topics: Acute Disease; Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adult; Aged; Blood Platelets; Collagen; Epinephrine; Female; Fibrin; Humans; Kaolin; Leukemia; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Platelet Adhesiveness; Remission, Spontaneous; Thrombin

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Chronic Disease; Complement System Proteins; Eczema; Female; Humans; Male; Muramidase

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Bronchopneumonia; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Muramidase

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Dysentery, Bacillary; Female; Hepatitis A; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase

Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Anemia; Blood Cell Count; Bone Marrow Examination; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hematocrit; Humans; Infections; Karyotyping; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase

Topics: Acute Disease; Antibody Formation; Beta-Globulins; Chronic Disease; Complement System Proteins; Kidney Transplantation; Kidney Tubules; Lymphocytes; Muramidase; Pyelonephritis; Renal Dialysis; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Brucellosis; Chronic Disease; Female; Hemagglutination Tests; Humans; Immunoglobulin M; Immunotherapy; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Vaccines

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Glycoproteins; Humans; Methods; Muramidase; Neuraminic Acids; Pneumonia

Topics: Acute Disease; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Muramidase; Pneumonia

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Dogs; Enzymes; Ischemia; Isoenzymes; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Function Tests; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Methods; Muramidase; Renal Artery Obstruction

Topics: Acute Disease; Chronic Disease; Humans; Leukocytes; Muramidase; Phagocytosis; Pneumonia