mupirocin and AIDS-Related-Opportunistic-Infections

20% of the normal population are nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus (Sa), and the carrier rate is even higher in insulin dependent diabetics, intravenous drug addicts, patients on haemo- and peritoneal dialysis, and HIV infected patients. Nasal Sa carriers have an increased risk of Sa infections following invasive therapy. Mupirocin, a novel topical antibiotic, is highly effective against nasal Sa. A number of studies indicate that it may reduce the incidence of Sa infections in dialysis patients, however experience with other categories of patients is sparse. Surgical wound infection with Sa is a particularly serious complication after implantation of foreign body material, e.g. artificial joints. There is a need for controlled clinical trials to test the efficacy of mupirocin in eradicating Sa in these types of patients. Uncritical use of mupirocin for topical treatment of wounds should be avoided in order to prevent development of resistance.

Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carrier State; Cross Infection; Denmark; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Mupirocin; Nasal Mucosa; Renal Dialysis; Risk Factors; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Surgical Wound Infection

HIV-positive patients at HELP/PSI, Inc, an in-patient drug rehabilitation center, had a high baseline prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus colonization (49%) and incidence of infection (17%) in a previous year-long study.. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted to determine whether repeated nasal application of mupirocin ointment would decrease the odds of S. aureus nasal colonization in 100 HELP/PSI patients over an 8-month period. A 5-day course of study drug was given monthly, and colonization was assessed at baseline and 1 month after each treatment. S. aureus infection was a secondary outcome.. In repeated-measures analysis, mupirocin reduced the odds of monthly S. aureus nasal colonization by 83% compared with placebo [adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) = 0.17; P < 0.0001]. Subjects colonized at study entry had a 91% reduction in subsequent colonization (ORadj = 0.09; P < 0.0001). Mupirocin also suppressed S. aureus colonization in subjects not colonized at baseline (ORadj = 0.23; P = 0.006). There was no difference in infection rates between the mupirocin and placebo groups (hazard ratio = 0.49, P = 0.29).. Monthly application of nasal mupirocin significantly decreased S. aureus colonization in HIV patients in residential drug rehabilitation. Monthly mupirocin application has a potential role in long-term care settings or in HIV-positive patients with high rates of S. aureus colonization and infection.

Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Male; Methicillin Resistance; Mupirocin; Ointments; Staphylococcal Skin Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Treatment Outcome

Seventy-six human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage were randomized to treatment groups receiving intranasal mupirocin or placebo twice daily for 5 days. Nasal cultures for S. aureus were obtained at 1, 2, 6, and 10 weeks after therapy. At 1 week, 88% of mupirocin-treated patients had negative nasal cultures compared with 8% in placebo patients (P<.001). The percentage of mupirocin-treated patients with persistently negative nasal cultures decreased over time (63%, 45%, and 29% at 2, 6, and 10 weeks, respectively) but remained significantly greater than the placebo group (3% at 2, 6, and 10 weeks). In mupirocin-treated patients, most (16/19) instances of nasal recolonization were with pretreatment strains (determined by means of by pulsed field gel electrophoresis); mupirocin resistance was not observed. Five days of treatment with mupirocin eliminated S. aureus nasal carriage in HIV-infected patients for several weeks; however, since the effect waned over time, intermittent dosing regimens should be considered for long-term eradication.

Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Mupirocin; Nasal Lavage Fluid; Ointments; Placebos; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus

Mucous membrane plasmacytosis is a rare, often idiopathic, inflammatory disorder that frequently presents as an erythematous, velvety, or lobulated plaque on a mucosal surface. While mucous membrane plasmacytosis often runs a benign course, plaques are known to erode, ulcerate, and bleed. Moreover, according to a recent review of mucous membrane plasmacytosis, treatments of this disorder are inconsistently successful. We report a case of erosive, hemorrhagic mucous-membrane plasmacytosis of the lips treated successfully with cryotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, this case represents the second case of mucous membrane plasmacytosis successfully treated with cryotherapy. The long term response of our patient's condition to cryotherapy with no functional side effects may warrant further study of this technique for severe erosive mucous membrane plasmacytosis.

Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cryotherapy; Drug Resistance; Hemorrhage; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Impetigo; Lidocaine; Lip Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Mupirocin; Plasma Cells