moxonidine and Hypertension studies

Hypertension: Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"To compare the effect of 12 months of treatment with moxonidine or bisoprolol on telomerase activity (TA) and parameters characterizing the arterial wall state in postmenopausal women with arterial hypertension (AH) and osteopenia."	9.51	Influence of Moxonidine and Bisoprolol on Morphofunctional Condition of Arterial Wall and Telomerase Activity in Postmenopausal Women with Arterial Hypertension and Osteopenia. The Results from a Moscow Randomized Study. ( Bazaeva, E; Dudinskaya, E; Eruslanova, K; Kotovskaya, Y; Larina, V; Matchekhina, L; Sharashkina, N; Tkacheva, O, 2022)
" Serum insulin, glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), lipids, uric acid, YKL-40 and blood pressure were measured and insulin sensitivity was calculated (HOMA) at the beginning and end of each study phase."	9.14	Effect of moxonidine and amlodipine on serum YKL-40, plasma lipids and insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant hypertensive patients-a randomized, crossover trial. ( Majer, J; Masajtis-Zagajewska, A; Nowicki, M, 2010)
"To compare the effects of moxonidine and metformin on glycaemic control in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and signs of the metabolic syndrome."	9.12	Moxonidine improves glycaemic control in mildly hypertensive, overweight patients: a comparison with metformin. ( Almazov, VA; Chazova, I; Shlyakhto, E, 2006)
"Twenty-six patients with mild hypertension were treated with moxonidine and a hypocaloric diet for 3 months, while a second normotensive group (n = 26) were followed-up with calorie restriction alone."	9.12	The effect of moxonidine on endothelial dysfunction in metabolic syndrome. ( Cikim, AS; Cikim, K; Ozdemir, R; Temel, I; Topal, E, 2006)
"This study evaluated the anti-hypertensive and metabolic effects of moxonidine, a selective imidazoline II-receptor agonist that lowers BP by central inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system, and moxonidine plus the angiotensin II-receptor blocker irbesartan in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and mild hypertension."	9.12	Metabolic and antihypertensive effects of moxonidine and moxonidine plus irbesartan in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and mild hypertension: a sequential, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. ( Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Fassi, R; Ferrari, I; Fogari, E; Fogari, R; Gravina, A; Salvadeo, S, 2007)
"Moxonidine is useful and safe for controlling arterial hypertension in obese patients."	9.11	Efficacy of moxonidine in the treatment of hypertension in obese, noncontrolled hypertensive patients. ( Abellán, J; de Vinuesa, SG; García-Galbis, JA; Hernández-Menárguez, F; Leal, M; Luño, J; Martínez-Pastor, A, 2005)
"To assess efficacy of monotherapy with moxonidine in female patients with hypertension and climacteric syndrome."	9.10	[Pathogenetic role of moxonidine in the treatment of hypertension in postmenopausal women]. ( Bragina, AE; Makolkin, VI; Podzolkov, VI, 2002)
"In a randomized, double-blind fashion, 35 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension received placebo run-in medication for 2 weeks, followed by 4 weeks' moxonidine sustained release (1."	9.10	Central nervous system effects of moxonidine experimental sustained release formulation in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. ( Cohen, AF; Kemme, MJ; Schoemaker, RC; Straub, M; van Gerven, JM; vd Post, JP, 2003)
"To study whether insulin sensitivity and insulin response are altered by moxonidine treatment in obese patients with mild essential hypertension."	9.09	Moxonidine improves insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant hypertensives. ( Haenni, A; Lithell, H, 1999)
"Moxonidine, a new imidazoline II receptor agonist was evaluated in patients with essential hypertension."	9.09	Safety and efficacy of moxonidine in mild to moderate hypertension. ( Jain, S; Kumari, S; Malhotra, P; Varma, S, 2001)
"4 mg) of the novel centrally acting antihypertensive agent moxonidine were investigated over 4 hours in ten patients with essential hypertension (WHO I-II)."	9.07	Hemodynamic and neurohumoral effects of moxonidine in patients with essential hypertension. ( Hüting, J; Mitrovic, V; Patyna, W; Schlepper, M, 1991)
"In a six-week multicenter, double-blind comparison study, moxonidine and clonidine HCl were tested in 122 and 30 outpatients, respectively, with mild to moderate hypertension (World Health Organization stage I and II; highest measured diastolic blood pressure, 90 to 115 mm Hg)."	9.06	Comparison of moxonidine and clonidine HCl in treating patients with hypertension. ( Plänitz, V, 1987)
" The advantages of imidazoline receptors in neuroprotective of moxonidine in patients with arterial hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus is discussed in detail."	8.93	[Renoprotecion With Metabolic Syndrome: the Possibility of Receptor Agonist Imidazoline Moxonidine]. ( Ostroumova, OD; Zykova, AA, 2016)
"Moxonidine-induced central sympathoinhibition attenuated brain oxidative stress, prevented cardiac dysfunction and remodelling, and improved the prognosis in rats with hypertensive heart failure."	7.79	Moxonidine-induced central sympathoinhibition improves prognosis in rats with hypertensive heart failure. ( Hirooka, Y; Honda, N; Ito, K; Kishi, T; Matsukawa, R; Shinohara, K; Sunagawa, K; Utsumi, H; Yasukawa, K, 2013)
"A 6-month clinical study with active therapeutic intervention was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of moxonidine for the correction of arterial hypertension in 30 patients with metabolic syndrome."	7.77	Pecularities of prolonged use of moxonidine in patients with hypertension associated with metabolic syndrome. ( Borodulina, EV; Gridneva, TD; Kseneva, SI; Kulakova, NV; Semiglazova, TA; Tarasova, IV; Trifonova, OJ; Udut, VV, 2011)
" Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (16 weeks old; male; n=12 per group) received the sympatholytic imidazoline compound, moxonidine (2."	7.75	Hemodynamic and cardiac effects of chronic eprosartan and moxonidine therapy in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. ( Calderone, A; Gillis, MA; Gutkowska, J; Jankowski, M; Menaouar, A; Mukaddam-Daher, S; Paquette, PA; Shi, YF; Tardif, JC, 2009)
"To investigate the use of the I1-imidazoline receptor agonist moxonidine as an 'add-on' agent in elderly patients with resistant hypertension."	7.73	Use of moxonidine in elderly patients with resistant hypertension. ( Hill, C; Martin, U; O' Mahony, D, 2005)
"Centrally acting (moxonidine) and peripherally acting (metoprolol) sympatholytic agents might have different actions upon penile circulation in hypertensive men with erectile dysfunction."	7.72	Effects of moxonidine and metoprolol in penile circulation in hypertensive men with erectile dysfunction: results of a pilot study. ( Kaaja, R; Piha, J, 2003)
"Moxonidine is a new centrally active imidazoline-receptor agonist being effectively applied in the treatment of arterial hypertension due to its sympathicolytic potency."	7.71	[Effect of the imidazoline receptor agonist moxonidine on hemodynamics, coronary circulation, metabolic ischemia markers and the neurohumoral system in patients with essential hypertension. Effects of moxonidine on coronary circulation]. ( Hamel, M; Hamm, C; Miric, M; Mitrovic, V; Thormann, J, 2001)
"Moxonidine was mostly prescribed as an add-on treatment to other antihypertensives (81."	6.76	[The efficacy and safety of moxonidine in patients with metabolic syndrome (the O.B.E.Z.I.T.A. trial)]. ( Chroust, K; Krupicka, J; Soucek, M, 2011)
" One group received moxonidine, 40 mg, alone in the morning, the other had moxonidine in the same dose in combination with melatonin, 3 mg, overnight."	6.69	[Effect of moxonidine monotherapy and in combination with melatonin on hemodynamic parameters in patients with arterial hypertension]. ( Akhmetov, KZh; Komarov, FI; Shakirova, AN; Teĭblium, MM; Zaslavskaia, RM, 2000)
"Moxonidine is an effective and well-tolerated antihypertensive, at least as good as other established forms of antihypertensive medication."	6.68	Placebo-controlled comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of once-daily moxonidine and enalapril in mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. ( Gräve, MA; Hughes, PR; Jäger, BA; Kaan, EC; Küppers, HE; Luszick, JH, 1997)
"Moxonidine is a new centrally acting alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist that differs from others by a lower incidence of side effects in hypertensive patients."	6.67	Pharmacodynamic action and pharmacokinetics of moxonidine after single oral administration in hypertension patients. ( Hutt, HJ; Kirch, W; Plänitz, V, 1990)
"Moxonidine has been compared with representatives from each important class of antihypertensive drugs, with clonidine, diuretics, both alpha- and beta-blocking drugs, calcium antagonists and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors."	6.40	The use of moxonidine in the treatment of hypertension. ( Graham, BR; Prichard, BN, 1997)
"Moxonidine is a new centrally acting agent showing selective agonism of imidazoline I1 receptors, but very little alpha2-adrenoceptor agonism."	6.40	Safety and tolerability of moxonidine in the treatment of hypertension. ( Jäger, B; Luszick, J; Schachter, M; Söhlke, E; Verboom, C, 1998)
" Compliance may be aided by the once- or twice-daily administration schedule with moxonidine, and dosage adjustment is only necessary in patients with moderate renal impairment."	6.38	Moxonidine. A review of its pharmacology, and therapeutic use in essential hypertension. ( Chrisp, P; Faulds, D, 1992)
"Moxonidine is an oral antihypertensive drug from the group of 2nd generation sympatholytics."	5.62	The use of moxonidine in the treatment of arterial hypertension. ( Vachek, J, 2021)
"To compare the effect of 12 months of treatment with moxonidine or bisoprolol on telomerase activity (TA) and parameters characterizing the arterial wall state in postmenopausal women with arterial hypertension (AH) and osteopenia."	5.51	Influence of Moxonidine and Bisoprolol on Morphofunctional Condition of Arterial Wall and Telomerase Activity in Postmenopausal Women with Arterial Hypertension and Osteopenia. The Results from a Moscow Randomized Study. ( Bazaeva, E; Dudinskaya, E; Eruslanova, K; Kotovskaya, Y; Larina, V; Matchekhina, L; Sharashkina, N; Tkacheva, O, 2022)
" In dose-response experiments, the maximal response (E(max)) was markedly reduced 18."	5.34	Marked insulin resistance in obese spontaneously hypertensive rat adipocytes is ameliorated by in vivo but not in vitro treatment with moxonidine. ( Ernsberger, P; Sun, Z, 2007)
"Treatment with moxonidine in six patients who completed the study resulted in a 10/5 mmHg reduction in 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (p = 0."	5.32	Effect of moxonidine on lipid subfractions in patients with hypertension. ( Chik, G; Lumb, PJ; McMahon, Z; Wierzbicki, AS, 2004)
"Moxonidine is a centrally active imidazoline receptor agonist that effectively lowers blood pressure and has been shown to have beneficial effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism."	5.32	Moxonidine in the treatment of overweight and obese patients with the metabolic syndrome: a postmarketing surveillance study. ( Marsalek, P; Sharma, AM; Wagner, T, 2004)
"The short-term effects of two sympatholytic antihypertensive drug treatments, β-blocking agent atenolol and imidazoline receptor-1 agonist moxonidine, on postmenopausal symptoms and their relationship to antihypertensive and insulin sensitivity effect were studied."	5.19	Effects of sympatholytic therapy on postmenopausal symptoms in hypertensive postmenopausal women. ( Kaaja, RJ; Kujala, SM; Pöyhönen-Alho, M, 2014)
"Treatment with moxonidine is associated with less AF recurrences after ablation treatment for drug-refractory AF in patients with hypertension."	5.19	Central sympathetic inhibition to reduce postablation atrial fibrillation recurrences in hypertensive patients: a randomized, controlled study. ( Deftereos, S; Doudoumis, K; Efremidis, M; Giannopoulos, G; Katsivas, A; Kossyvakis, C; Letsas, K; Manolis, AS; Panagopoulou, V; Pyrgakis, V; Raisakis, K; Rentoukas, I; Stefanadis, C; Tousoulis, D, 2014)
" Serum insulin, glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), lipids, uric acid, YKL-40 and blood pressure were measured and insulin sensitivity was calculated (HOMA) at the beginning and end of each study phase."	5.14	Effect of moxonidine and amlodipine on serum YKL-40, plasma lipids and insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant hypertensive patients-a randomized, crossover trial. ( Majer, J; Masajtis-Zagajewska, A; Nowicki, M, 2010)
" We compared the effect of two sympatholytic antihypertensive drug treatments, the centrally acting imidazoline receptor-1 agonist moxonidine and peripherally acting beta-blocking agent atenolol on sensitive inflammatory markers in overweight postmenopausal women with diastolic hypertension."	5.13	Central sympatholytic therapy has anti-inflammatory properties in hypertensive postmenopausal women. ( Antikainen, RL; Ebeling, PE; Erkkola, RU; Kaaja, RJ; Katzman, P; Kibarskis, A; Manhem, K; Pöyhönen-Alho, MK; Tuomilehto, JO, 2008)
"To compare the effects of moxonidine and metformin on glycaemic control in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and signs of the metabolic syndrome."	5.12	Moxonidine improves glycaemic control in mildly hypertensive, overweight patients: a comparison with metformin. ( Almazov, VA; Chazova, I; Shlyakhto, E, 2006)
"Twenty-six patients with mild hypertension were treated with moxonidine and a hypocaloric diet for 3 months, while a second normotensive group (n = 26) were followed-up with calorie restriction alone."	5.12	The effect of moxonidine on endothelial dysfunction in metabolic syndrome. ( Cikim, AS; Cikim, K; Ozdemir, R; Temel, I; Topal, E, 2006)
"This study evaluated the anti-hypertensive and metabolic effects of moxonidine, a selective imidazoline II-receptor agonist that lowers BP by central inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system, and moxonidine plus the angiotensin II-receptor blocker irbesartan in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and mild hypertension."	5.12	Metabolic and antihypertensive effects of moxonidine and moxonidine plus irbesartan in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and mild hypertension: a sequential, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. ( Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Fassi, R; Ferrari, I; Fogari, E; Fogari, R; Gravina, A; Salvadeo, S, 2007)
"Moxonidine is useful and safe for controlling arterial hypertension in obese patients."	5.11	Efficacy of moxonidine in the treatment of hypertension in obese, noncontrolled hypertensive patients. ( Abellán, J; de Vinuesa, SG; García-Galbis, JA; Hernández-Menárguez, F; Leal, M; Luño, J; Martínez-Pastor, A, 2005)
"To assess efficacy of monotherapy with moxonidine in female patients with hypertension and climacteric syndrome."	5.10	[Pathogenetic role of moxonidine in the treatment of hypertension in postmenopausal women]. ( Bragina, AE; Makolkin, VI; Podzolkov, VI, 2002)
"In a randomized, double-blind fashion, 35 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension received placebo run-in medication for 2 weeks, followed by 4 weeks' moxonidine sustained release (1."	5.10	Central nervous system effects of moxonidine experimental sustained release formulation in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. ( Cohen, AF; Kemme, MJ; Schoemaker, RC; Straub, M; van Gerven, JM; vd Post, JP, 2003)
"To study whether insulin sensitivity and insulin response are altered by moxonidine treatment in obese patients with mild essential hypertension."	5.09	Moxonidine improves insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant hypertensives. ( Haenni, A; Lithell, H, 1999)
"Evidence exists for a state of sympathetic hyperactivity in essential hypertension, and moxonidine, a new central sympathetic inhibitor, has been introduced for its treatment."	5.09	Chronic I(1)-imidazoline agonism : sympathetic mechanisms in hypertension. ( Greenwood, JP; Mary, DA; Scott, EM; Stoker, JB, 2000)
"Moxonidine, a new imidazoline II receptor agonist was evaluated in patients with essential hypertension."	5.09	Safety and efficacy of moxonidine in mild to moderate hypertension. ( Jain, S; Kumari, S; Malhotra, P; Varma, S, 2001)
"4 mg) of the novel centrally acting antihypertensive agent moxonidine were investigated over 4 hours in ten patients with essential hypertension (WHO I-II)."	5.07	Hemodynamic and neurohumoral effects of moxonidine in patients with essential hypertension. ( Hüting, J; Mitrovic, V; Patyna, W; Schlepper, M, 1991)
"In a six-week multicenter, double-blind comparison study, moxonidine and clonidine HCl were tested in 122 and 30 outpatients, respectively, with mild to moderate hypertension (World Health Organization stage I and II; highest measured diastolic blood pressure, 90 to 115 mm Hg)."	5.06	Comparison of moxonidine and clonidine HCl in treating patients with hypertension. ( Plänitz, V, 1987)
" The advantages of imidazoline receptors in neuroprotective of moxonidine in patients with arterial hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus is discussed in detail."	4.93	[Renoprotecion With Metabolic Syndrome: the Possibility of Receptor Agonist Imidazoline Moxonidine]. ( Ostroumova, OD; Zykova, AA, 2016)
" In a long-term (4 weeks) double-blind cross-over study in essential hypertension, rilmenidine was well tolerated and had similar effects to those of atenolol on erect and supine blood pressure."	4.79	Clinical pharmacology of drugs acting on imidazoline and adrenergic receptors. Studies with clonidine, moxonidine, rilmenidine, and atenolol. ( Elliott, HL; MacPhee, G; Panfilov, V; Reid, JL, 1995)
"The I1-imidazoline receptor is a specific high-affinity binding site corresponding to a functional cell-surface receptor mediating the antihypertensive actions of moxonidine and other second-generation centrally-acting agents, and may play a role in countering insulin resistance in an animal model of metabolic syndrome X."	4.79	The I1-imidazoline receptor: from binding site to therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease. ( Ernsberger, P; Friedman, JE; Koletsky, RJ, 1997)
"The centrally antihypertensive drug moxonidine decreases ROS production in the RVLM through inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in hypertension."	3.83	Centrally acting drug moxonidine decreases reactive oxygen species via inactivation of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase signaling in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in hypertensive rats. ( Hu, QK; Tan, X; Wang, WZ; Wang, YK; Wu, ZT; Yang, YH; Yu, Q; Yuan, WJ; Zhang, RW, 2016)
"In case of non-treated hypertension several medications and their combinations were studied (captopril, and moxonidine as such, captopril + nifedipine, captopril + moxonidine)."	3.79	[The efficacy of antihypertension drugs and their combinations in the non-treated hypertension]. ( Chiritso, MM; Grishin, OV; Ruksin, VV, 2013)
"Moxonidine-induced central sympathoinhibition attenuated brain oxidative stress, prevented cardiac dysfunction and remodelling, and improved the prognosis in rats with hypertensive heart failure."	3.79	Moxonidine-induced central sympathoinhibition improves prognosis in rats with hypertensive heart failure. ( Hirooka, Y; Honda, N; Ito, K; Kishi, T; Matsukawa, R; Shinohara, K; Sunagawa, K; Utsumi, H; Yasukawa, K, 2013)
"Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy by moxonidine, a centrally acting sympatholytic imidazoline compound, results from a sustained reduction of DNA synthesis and transient stimulation of DNA fragmentation."	3.77	Moxonidine improves cardiac structure and performance in SHR through inhibition of cytokines, p38 MAPK and Akt. ( Aceros, H; Cobos-Puc, L; Farah, G; Mukaddam-Daher, S; Noiseux, N; Stabile, AM, 2011)
"A 6-month clinical study with active therapeutic intervention was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of moxonidine for the correction of arterial hypertension in 30 patients with metabolic syndrome."	3.77	Pecularities of prolonged use of moxonidine in patients with hypertension associated with metabolic syndrome. ( Borodulina, EV; Gridneva, TD; Kseneva, SI; Kulakova, NV; Semiglazova, TA; Tarasova, IV; Trifonova, OJ; Udut, VV, 2011)
" Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (16 weeks old; male; n=12 per group) received the sympatholytic imidazoline compound, moxonidine (2."	3.75	Hemodynamic and cardiac effects of chronic eprosartan and moxonidine therapy in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. ( Calderone, A; Gillis, MA; Gutkowska, J; Jankowski, M; Menaouar, A; Mukaddam-Daher, S; Paquette, PA; Shi, YF; Tardif, JC, 2009)
"To investigate the use of the I1-imidazoline receptor agonist moxonidine as an 'add-on' agent in elderly patients with resistant hypertension."	3.73	Use of moxonidine in elderly patients with resistant hypertension. ( Hill, C; Martin, U; O' Mahony, D, 2005)
"In the present study, we investigated the effects of pretreatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) injected intravenously (IV) on the hypotension, bradycardia, and vasodilation produced by moxonidine (alpha2-adrenergic/imidazoline receptor agonist) injected into the fourth brain ventricle (4th V) in rats submitted to acute hypertension that results from baroreflex blockade by bilateral injections of kynurenic acid (kyn, glutamatergic receptor antagonist) into the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) or in normotensive rats."	3.73	Antihypertensive responses elicited by central moxonidine in rats: possible role of nitric oxide. ( Colombari, E; Menani, JV; Moreira, TS; Sato, MA; Takakura, AC, 2006)
"Centrally acting (moxonidine) and peripherally acting (metoprolol) sympatholytic agents might have different actions upon penile circulation in hypertensive men with erectile dysfunction."	3.72	Effects of moxonidine and metoprolol in penile circulation in hypertensive men with erectile dysfunction: results of a pilot study. ( Kaaja, R; Piha, J, 2003)
"To assess hypotensive efficacy and metabolic neutrality of moxonidine (physiotenz)--a selective agonist of imidasoline receptors--in patients with mild and moderate arterial hypertension (AH) associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2."	3.72	[The role of hypersympathycotony in development of arterial hypertension in patients with metabolic syndrome: potential of pathogenetically sound therapy]. ( Ametov, AS; Demidova, TIu; Smagina, LV, 2004)
"Moxonidine is a new centrally active imidazoline-receptor agonist being effectively applied in the treatment of arterial hypertension due to its sympathicolytic potency."	3.71	[Effect of the imidazoline receptor agonist moxonidine on hemodynamics, coronary circulation, metabolic ischemia markers and the neurohumoral system in patients with essential hypertension. Effects of moxonidine on coronary circulation]. ( Hamel, M; Hamm, C; Miric, M; Mitrovic, V; Thormann, J, 2001)
" Using radiotelemetry for monitoring cardiovascular parameters of spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with clonidine or moxonidine, we showed that clonidine, unlike moxonidine, resulted in rebound hypertension after drug withdrawal."	3.69	Mechanisms of cardiac cell damage due to catecholamines: significance of drugs regulating central sympathetic outflow. ( Dhalla, KS; Dhalla, NS; Rupp, H, 1994)
"Moxonidine (4-chloro-N-(4, 5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-6-methoxy-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinamine, BDF 5895) reduces blood pressure and heart rate in rats with genetic hypertension (SHR/Okamoto) and in rats with renovascular hypertension (Goldblatt 1 k/1 c)."	3.67	General pharmacology of the novel centrally acting antihypertensive agent moxonidine. ( Armah, BI; Hofferber, E; Stenzel, W, 1988)
"Moxonidine was mostly prescribed as an add-on treatment to other antihypertensives (81."	2.76	[The efficacy and safety of moxonidine in patients with metabolic syndrome (the O.B.E.Z.I.T.A. trial)]. ( Chroust, K; Krupicka, J; Soucek, M, 2011)
"Imidapril is an ACE inhibitor with one ofthe lowest incidences (less than 1% of patients) of dry irritant cough."	2.75	[Combination therapy of hypertension in general clinical practice. The results of the KOHYBA study]. ( Chroust, K; Krupicka, J; Soucek, M, 2010)
"Amlodipine was used as the control drug."	2.72	Selective imidazoline agonist moxonidine in obese hypertensive patients. ( de Abreu, VG; Francischetti, EA; Sanjuliani, AF, 2006)
"Subjects with type 2 diabetes experience an increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, related to a high prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity."	2.71	Effects of moxonidine vs. metoprolol on blood pressure and metabolic control in hypertensive subjects with type 2 diabetes. ( Gödicke, J; Häring, HU; Helsberg, K; Jacob, S; Klimm, HJ; Rett, K, 2004)
" The dosage had to be shifted after a four-week treatment period (moxonidine 0."	2.70	[Comparison of the antihypertensive efficacy of and tolerance to 2 imidazoline receptor agonists: moxonidine and rilmenidine in monotherapy]. ( Camilleri, G; Clerson, P; Portal, B; Quiniou, G, 2001)
"Moxonidine is an I1-imidazoline receptor agonist that reduces blood pressure in hypertensives."	2.69	I1-imidazoline agonist moxonidine decreases sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in hypertensives. ( Lüscher, TF; Noll, G; Qui, S; Shaw, S; Spieker, L; Wenzel, RR, 1998)
"Moxonidine is a new antihypertensive agent whose mechanism of action appears to involve specific stimulation of imidazoline receptors resulting in an inhibition of the activity of the central and peripheral sympathetic nervous system."	2.69	The effect of moxonidine on plasma lipid profile and on LDL subclass distribution. ( Bairaktari, E; Elisaf, MS; Karabina, SA; Petris, C; Siamopoulos, KC; Tselepis, A; Tzallas, C, 1999)
" One group received moxonidine, 40 mg, alone in the morning, the other had moxonidine in the same dose in combination with melatonin, 3 mg, overnight."	2.69	[Effect of moxonidine monotherapy and in combination with melatonin on hemodynamic parameters in patients with arterial hypertension]. ( Akhmetov, KZh; Komarov, FI; Shakirova, AN; Teĭblium, MM; Zaslavskaia, RM, 2000)
"Although similar typical population estimates for the drug action-related parameters were obtained with use of manual blood pressure data and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurements, the latter allowed for a more detailed description of the individual pharmacodynamic profiles because interindividual variability in pharmacodynamic parameters could be estimated together with increased precision in parameter estimates."	2.69	Comparison of manual versus ambulatory blood pressure measurements with pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of antihypertensive compounds: application to moxonidine. ( Callies, S; de Alwis, DP; Mitchell, M; Schaefer, HG; Tillmann, C; Trocóniz, IF, 2000)
"Moxonidine is an effective and well-tolerated antihypertensive, at least as good as other established forms of antihypertensive medication."	2.68	Placebo-controlled comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of once-daily moxonidine and enalapril in mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. ( Gräve, MA; Hughes, PR; Jäger, BA; Kaan, EC; Küppers, HE; Luszick, JH, 1997)
"Moxonidine 0."	2.67	Moxonidine and hydrochlorothiazide in combination: a synergistic antihypertensive effect. ( Frei, M; Gardosch von Krosigk, PP; Koch, HF; Küppers, H; Küster, L, 1994)
"Although essential hypertension is usually defined as a hemodynamic disorder, it is expressed differently among individuals and varies during progression of the disease state."	2.67	I1-imidazoline-receptor agonists in the treatment of hypertension: an appraisal of clinical experience. ( Christen, MO; Ollivier, JP, 1994)
"Moxonidine is a new centrally acting alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist that differs from others by a lower incidence of side effects in hypertensive patients."	2.67	Pharmacodynamic action and pharmacokinetics of moxonidine after single oral administration in hypertension patients. ( Hutt, HJ; Kirch, W; Plänitz, V, 1990)
"Moxonidine has unique effects on a number of cell types through this unusual cellular site of action."	2.48	Pharmacological properties of the central antihypertensive agent, moxonidine. ( Brown-Bryan, TA; Edwards, LP; Ernsberger, P; McLean, L, 2012)
"Moxonidine also has beneficial effects in animal models of diabetes and kidney disease."	2.41	Moxonidine: some controversy. ( Doggrell, SA, 2001)
"Moxonidine is an imidazoline receptor agonist that is highly selective for the I1-imidazoline receptor with little effect at the central alpha2-receptor."	2.41	Moxonidine: a new and versatile antihypertensive. ( Messerli, F, 2000)
"It is urgent to treat hypertension in these patients with drugs that do not further impair glucose control."	2.40	Considerations in the treatment of insulin resistance and related disorders with a new sympatholytic agent. ( Lithell, HO, 1997)
"Moxonidine has been compared with representatives from each important class of antihypertensive drugs, with clonidine, diuretics, both alpha- and beta-blocking drugs, calcium antagonists and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors."	2.40	The use of moxonidine in the treatment of hypertension. ( Graham, BR; Prichard, BN, 1997)
"Moxonidine is a centrally acting antihypertensive."	2.40	Pharmacology and clinical use of moxonidine, a new centrally acting sympatholytic antihypertensive agent. ( Graham, BR; Owens, CW; Prichard, BN, 1997)
"Moxonidine is an imidazoline compound which acts on I1 imidazoline 'receptors' in the central nervous system to reduce blood pressure."	2.40	Moxonidine: a review. ( Morris, ST; Reid, JL, 1997)
"Moxonidine is a new centrally acting agent showing selective agonism of imidazoline I1 receptors, but very little alpha2-adrenoceptor agonism."	2.40	Safety and tolerability of moxonidine in the treatment of hypertension. ( Jäger, B; Luszick, J; Schachter, M; Söhlke, E; Verboom, C, 1998)
"Moxonidine has been shown to improve glucose tolerance in man, probably by two different mechanisms, i."	2.40	Therapy of hypertension and metabolic syndrome: today's standard and tomorrow's perspectives. ( Hansson, L, 1998)
" At a practical level, moxonidine is suitable for single daily dosing in hypertension."	2.40	Moxonidine: pharmacology, clinical pharmacology and clinical profile. ( Elliott, HL, 1998)
" Both drugs, when applied in a once-daily dosage schedule, appear to control hypertension in most patients."	2.40	Central I1-imidazoline receptors as targets of centrally acting antihypertensive drugs. Clinical pharmacology of moxonidine and rilmenidine. ( Peters, SL; Van Zwieten, PA, 1999)
" The most prominent adverse effects have been dry mouth, sedation, dizziness and oedema."	2.40	Moxonidine: a review of safety and tolerability after seven years of clinical experience. ( Schachter, M, 1999)
"Moxonidine is a centrally acting antihypertensive."	2.40	Moxonidine: a new antiadrenergic antihypertensive agent. ( Graham, BR; Owens, CW; Prichard, BN, 1999)
"Moxonidine is an imidazoline receptor modulator, specific for the I1-imidazoline receptor."	2.39	Clinical experience with moxonidine. ( Prichard, BN, 1994)
"Moxonidine is an imidazoline I1-receptor modulator."	2.39	Effective antihypertensive therapy: blood pressure control with moxonidine. ( Graham, BR; Prichard, BN, 1996)
" Compliance may be aided by the once- or twice-daily administration schedule with moxonidine, and dosage adjustment is only necessary in patients with moderate renal impairment."	2.38	Moxonidine. A review of its pharmacology, and therapeutic use in essential hypertension. ( Chrisp, P; Faulds, D, 1992)
"Moxonidine is an oral antihypertensive drug from the group of 2nd generation sympatholytics."	1.62	The use of moxonidine in the treatment of arterial hypertension. ( Vachek, J, 2021)
"Clonidine treatment also reduced arterial pressure and increased functional capillary density in the skin and skeletal muscle of WKY."	1.36	Microvascular effects of centrally acting antihypertensive drugs in spontaneously hypertensive rats. ( Bousquet, P; Lessa, MA; Nascimento, AR; Sabino, B; Tibiriçá, E, 2010)
"CSA hypertension was attenuated in rats pretreated intravenously with drugs that reduce central sympathetic tone including clonidine (mixed alpha(2)/I(1)-receptor agonist, 30 microg/kg) or moxonidine (selective I(1)-receptor agonist, 100 microg/kg) in contrast to no effect for guanabenz (selective alpha(2)-receptor agonist, 30 microg/kg)."	1.35	Interruption of central neuronal pathway of imidazoline I1 receptor mediates the hypertensive effect of cyclosporine in rats. ( El-Mas, MM; Helmy, MM; Mohy El-Din, MM; Omar, AG, 2009)
" In dose-response experiments, the maximal response (E(max)) was markedly reduced 18."	1.34	Marked insulin resistance in obese spontaneously hypertensive rat adipocytes is ameliorated by in vivo but not in vitro treatment with moxonidine. ( Ernsberger, P; Sun, Z, 2007)
"Moxonidine was administered intravenously in daily dose 100 mcg/kg during one week prior to stress condition."	1.33	[The modulatory influence of moxonidine on the different link of sympatho-adrenal system and hemodynamic reactions in normo and hypertensive rats during emotional stress]. ( Bakuridze, KA; Gongadze, NV, 2006)
"Moxonidine is a centrally-active imidazoline compound with preferential affinity for imidazoline receptors (IR) over alpha(2)-adrenoceptors (alpha(2)AR)."	1.32	Non-adrenergic exploratory behavior induced by moxonidine at mildly hypotensive doses. ( Paul, IA; Peeler, DF; Piletz, JE; Stec, DE; Zhu, H, 2003)
" Similar responses were observed after oral dosing and in lean littermates."	1.32	The role of I(1)-imidazoline and alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors in the modulation of glucose metabolism in the spontaneously hypertensive obese rat model of metabolic syndrome X. ( Ernsberger, P; Velliquette, RA, 2003)
"Treatment with moxonidine in six patients who completed the study resulted in a 10/5 mmHg reduction in 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (p = 0."	1.32	Effect of moxonidine on lipid subfractions in patients with hypertension. ( Chik, G; Lumb, PJ; McMahon, Z; Wierzbicki, AS, 2004)
"Moxonidine is a centrally active imidazoline receptor agonist that effectively lowers blood pressure and has been shown to have beneficial effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism."	1.32	Moxonidine in the treatment of overweight and obese patients with the metabolic syndrome: a postmarketing surveillance study. ( Marsalek, P; Sharma, AM; Wagner, T, 2004)
"Moxonidine treatment reduced fasting insulin levels by 71% in SHROB and lowered plasma free fatty acids by 25%."	1.30	Mechanisms of antihyperglycemic effects of moxonidine in the obese spontaneously hypertensive Koletsky rat (SHROB). ( Bedol, D; Ernsberger, P; Farrell, CJ; Friedman, JE; Ishizuka, T; Koletsky, RJ; Liu, S, 1999)
"Moxonidine was more effective by this route than after the injection into the lateral ventricle."	1.30	Effect of moxonidine on blood pressure and sympathetic tone in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. ( Chung, O; Culman, J; Haass, M; Nurminen, ML; Unger, T, 1998)
"Moxonidine treatment enhanced the expression of IRS-1 protein in skeletal muscle by 74% in SHROB and 40% in SHR."	1.30	Anti-hyperglycemic activity of moxonidine: metabolic and molecular effects in obese spontaneously hypertensive rats. ( Bedol, D; Ernsberger, P; Farrell, CJ; Friedman, JE; Ishizuka, T; Koletsky, RJ; Liu, S, 1998)
"Moxonidine is a centrally acting antihypertensive with a selective action on I1-imidazoline receptors in RVLM."	1.29	Selective antihypertensive action of moxonidine is mediated mainly by I1-imidazoline receptors in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. ( Dreshaj, I; Ernsberger, P; Haxhiu, MA; Schäfer, SG, 1994)

Research

Studies (157)

Authors

Clinical Trials (2)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Change in Blood Pressure After Intrathecal Injection of Clonidine.

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	4 (2.55)	18.7374
1990's	66 (42.04)	18.2507
2000's	65 (41.40)	29.6817
2010's	20 (12.74)	24.3611
2020's	2 (1.27)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Dudinskaya, E	1
Tkacheva, O	1
Bazaeva, E	1
Matchekhina, L	1
Eruslanova, K	1
Sharashkina, N	1
Kotovskaya, Y	1
Larina, V	1
Vachek, J	1
Deftereos, S	2
Giannopoulos, G	2
Kossyvakis, C	2
Efremidis, M	2
Panagopoulou, V	2
Raisakis, K	2
Kaoukis, A	1
Karageorgiou, S	1
Bouras, G	1
Katsivas, A	2
Pyrgakis, V	2
Stefanadis, C	2
Ruksin, VV	2
Grishin, OV	2
Chiritso, MM	1
Honda, N	1
Hirooka, Y	1
Ito, K	1
Matsukawa, R	1
Shinohara, K	1
Kishi, T	1
Yasukawa, K	1
Utsumi, H	1
Sunagawa, K	1
Kujala, SM	1
Pöyhönen-Alho, M	1
Kaaja, RJ	2
Doudoumis, K	1
Letsas, K	1
Rentoukas, I	1
Manolis, AS	1
Tousoulis, D	1
Ripley, DP	1
Negrou, K	1
Oliver, JJ	1
Worthy, G	1
Struthers, AD	1
Plein, S	1
Greenwood, JP	2
Wang, YK	1
Yu, Q	1
Tan, X	1
Wu, ZT	1
Zhang, RW	1
Yang, YH	1
Yuan, WJ	1
Hu, QK	1
Wang, WZ	1
Skibitsky, VV	1
Fendrikova, AV	1
Pyhalova, NE	1
Sirotenko, DV	1
Ostroumova, OD	4
Zykova, AA	1
Hausberg, M	1
Hillebrand, U	1
Kisters, K	1
Pöyhönen-Alho, MK	1
Manhem, K	3
Katzman, P	2
Kibarskis, A	2
Antikainen, RL	1
Erkkola, RU	1
Tuomilehto, JO	1
Ebeling, PE	1
El-Mas, MM	1
Omar, AG	1
Helmy, MM	1
Mohy El-Din, MM	1
Mukaddam-Daher, S	4
Menaouar, A	3
Paquette, PA	1
Jankowski, M	2
Gutkowska, J	3
Gillis, MA	1
Shi, YF	1
Calderone, A	1
Tardif, JC	1
Fuckar, K	1
Lakusić, N	1
Cerovec, D	1
Nascimento, AR	1
Lessa, MA	1
Sabino, B	1
Bousquet, P	2
Tibiriçá, E	1
Masajtis-Zagajewska, A	1
Majer, J	1
Nowicki, M	2
Krupicka, J	2
Soucek, M	2
Chroust, K	2
Aceros, H	1
Farah, G	1
Cobos-Puc, L	1
Stabile, AM	1
Noiseux, N	1
Minushkina, LO	1
Edwards, LP	1
Brown-Bryan, TA	1
McLean, L	1
Ernsberger, P	13
Kseneva, SI	1
Borodulina, EV	1
Semiglazova, TA	1
Kulakova, NV	1
Tarasova, IV	1
Trifonova, OJ	1
Gridneva, TD	1
Udut, VV	1
Gupta, A	1
Singh, B	1
Prichard, BN	6
Jäger, BA	2
Luszick, JH	2
Küster, LJ	1
Verboom, CN	1
Hughes, PR	2
Sauermann, W	1
Küppers, HE	2
Gurevich, MA	1
Podzolkov, VI	1
Bragina, AE	1
Makolkin, VI	1
Anichkov, DA	1
Shostak, NA	1
Trusov, VV	2
Aksenov, KV	2
Filimonov, MA	1
Camilleri, G	1
Portal, B	1
Quiniou, G	1
Clerson, P	1
Zhu, H	1
Paul, IA	1
Stec, DE	1
Peeler, DF	1
Piletz, JE	1
Velliquette, RA	2
Kemme, MJ	1
vd Post, JP	1
Schoemaker, RC	1
Straub, M	1
Cohen, AF	1
van Gerven, JM	1
Syrtlanova, ER	1
Gil'mutdinova, LT	1
Piha, J	1
Kaaja, R	3
van Zwieten, PA	3
Rayner, B	1
El-Ayoubi, R	2
Raasch, W	1
Jungbluth, B	1
Schäfer, U	1
Häuser, W	1
Dominiak, P	3
Tuomilehto, J	2
Lumb, PJ	1
McMahon, Z	1
Chik, G	1
Wierzbicki, AS	1
Jacob, S	1
Klimm, HJ	1
Rett, K	1
Helsberg, K	1
Häring, HU	1
Gödicke, J	1
Sharma, AM	1
Wagner, T	1
Marsalek, P	1
Doumas, MN	1
Douma, SN	1
Petidis, KM	1
Vogiatzis, KV	1
Bassagiannis, IC	1
Zamboulis, CX	1
Abellán, J	1
Leal, M	1
Hernández-Menárguez, F	1
García-Galbis, JA	1
Martínez-Pastor, A	1
de Vinuesa, SG	1
Luño, J	1
Ametov, AS	1
Demidova, TIu	1
Smagina, LV	1
Kobalava, ZhD	1
Tolkacheva, VV	1
Ignat'ev, IV	1
Glezer, MG	1
Kuzin, AI	1
Karpov, IuA	1
Konradi, AO	1
Zheleznykh, EA	1
Martin, U	1
Hill, C	1
O' Mahony, D	1
Fenton, C	1
Keating, GM	1
Lyseng-Williamson, KA	1
Sanjuliani, AF	1
de Abreu, VG	1
Francischetti, EA	1
Bakuridze, KA	1
Gongadze, NV	1
Bakhshaliev, AB	2
Sabzalieva, GM	2
Chazova, I	1
Almazov, VA	1
Shlyakhto, E	1
Moreira, TS	1
Takakura, AC	1
Sato, MA	1
Menani, JV	1
Colombari, E	1
Topal, E	1
Cikim, AS	1
Cikim, K	1
Temel, I	1
Ozdemir, R	1
Sun, Z	1
Sica, DA	1
Derosa, G	1
Cicero, AF	1
D'Angelo, A	1
Fogari, E	1
Salvadeo, S	1
Gravina, A	1
Ferrari, I	1
Fassi, R	1
Fogari, R	1
Kujala, S	1
Antikainen, R	1
Ylihärsilä, H	1
Erkkola, R	1
Ma, XJ	1
Shen, FM	1
Liu, AJ	1
Shi, KY	1
Wu, YL	1
Su, DF	1
Kagota, S	1
Tada, Y	1
Kubota, Y	1
Nejime, N	1
Yamaguchi, Y	1
Nakamura, K	1
Kunitomo, M	1
Shinozuka, K	1
Simonenko, VB	1
Fusin, AIa	1
Ovchinnikov, IuV	1
Aleksandrov, AS	1
Praskurnichiĭ, EA	1
Shevchenko, OP	1
Makarova, SV	1
Zhukova, VA	1
Savel'eva, SA	1
Plänitz, V	4
Papp, JG	1
Ollivier, JP	2
Rupp, H	2
Dhalla, KS	1
Dhalla, NS	1
Frei, M	1
Küster, L	1
Gardosch von Krosigk, PP	1
Koch, HF	1
Küppers, H	1
Haxhiu, MA	3
Dreshaj, I	2
Schäfer, SG	3
Kraft, K	1
Vetter, H	1
Christen, MO	2
Reid, JL	2
Panfilov, V	1
MacPhee, G	1
Elliott, HL	2
Graff, LM	1
Collins, LA	2
Grove, DL	1
Graves, ME	1
Molderings, GJ	2
Göthert, M	1
Christen, O	1
Steckelings, UM	1
Unger, T	2
Lotti, G	1
Gianrossi, R	1
Kögler, H	1
Raneburger, J	1
Wiecek, A	1
Chudek, J	1
Maisch, B	1
Brilla, CG	1
Koletsky, RJ	5
Bedol, D	3
Yu, A	1
Frishman, WH	1
Graham, BR	4
Gräve, MA	1
Kaan, EC	1
Friedman, JE	4
Lithell, HO	1
Lada, W	1
Mervaala, EM	1
Malmberg, L	1
Teräväinen, TL	1
Lähteenmäki, T	1
Karjala, K	1
Paakkari, I	1
Pörsti, I	1
Mest, HJ	1
Vapaatalo, H	1
Karppanen, H	1
Lazebnik, LB	1
Malichenko, SB	1
Serebrov, AN	1
Owens, CW	2
Morris, ST	1
Hohage, H	1
Hess, K	1
Jahl, C	1
Greven, J	1
Schlatter, E	1
Krentz, AJ	1
Evans, AJ	1
Baliakina, EV	1
Patrusheva, IF	1
Rynskova, EE	1
Iurenev, AP	1
Ol'binskaia, LI	1
Bochenkov, IuV	1
Alekseeva, IL	1
Leães, CG	1
Rosito, GA	1
Schachter, M	3
Luszick, J	1
Jäger, B	1
Verboom, C	1
Söhlke, E	1
Martina, B	1
Surber, C	1
Jakobi, C	1
Sponagel, L	1
Gasser, P	1
Medvedev, OS	1
Kunduzova, OR	1
Murashev, AN	1
Medvedeva, NA	1
Wenzel, RR	1
Spieker, L	1
Qui, S	1
Shaw, S	1
Lüscher, TF	1
Noll, G	1
Ishizuka, T	2
Liu, S	2
Farrell, CJ	2
Nurminen, ML	2
Culman, J	1
Haass, M	1
Chung, O	1
Hempel, G	1
Karlsson, MO	1
de Alwis, DP	2
Toublanc, N	1
McNay, J	1
Schaefer, HG	2
Hansson, L	1
Drzewoski, J	1
Wiśniewska-Jarosińska, M	1
Peters, SL	1
Haenni, A	1
Lithell, H	1
Sevcík, J	1
Masek, K	1
Elisaf, MS	1
Petris, C	1
Bairaktari, E	1
Karabina, SA	1
Tzallas, C	1
Tselepis, A	1
Siamopoulos, KC	1
Feldman, J	1
Robles, NR	1
Tolentino-Silva, FP	1
Waldbaum, S	1
Dreshaj, IA	1
Scheen, AJ	1
Zaslavskaia, RM	1
Komarov, FI	1
Shakirova, AN	1
Teĭblium, MM	1
Akhmetov, KZh	1
Scott, EM	1
Stoker, JB	1
Mary, DA	1
Trocóniz, IF	1
Tillmann, C	1
Callies, S	1
Mitchell, M	1
Benedict, CR	1
Spinar, J	1
Vítovec, J	1
Doggrell, SA	1
Messerli, F	1
Mamaev, VI	2
Konovalova, VV	1
Kuz'michev, IA	2
Bagramova, IuA	2
Rybkina, TE	1
Mitrovic, V	2
Hamel, M	1
Miric, M	1
Thormann, J	1
Hamm, C	1
Jain, S	1
Malhotra, P	1
Kumari, S	1
Varma, S	1
Martynov, AI	1
Korsakova, NK	1
Sergienko, VB	1
Varako, NA	1
Chrisp, P	1
Faulds, D	1
Schrader, J	1
Amann, K	2
Greber, D	2
Gharehbaghi, H	1
Wiest, G	2
Lange, B	1
Ganten, U	1
Mattfeldt, T	2
Mall, G	2
Patyna, W	1
Hüting, J	1
Schlepper, M	1
Gharenhbaghi, H	1
Schwarz, W	1
Kandziora, J	1
Kirch, W	1
Hutt, HJ	1
Armah, BI	1
Hofferber, E	1
Stenzel, W	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Pharmacologic Suppression of Central Sympathetic Activity for Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence After Pulmonary Vein Isolation (MOXAF)[NCT01791699]	Phase 4	150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-08-31	Completed
Hemodynamic Effect of Intrathecal Clonidine in Hypertensive Subjects: A Pilot Study to Assess Its Effectiveness in Hypertensive Subjects With Poor Blood Pressure Control (Phase II)[NCT01297335]	Phase 2	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-02-28	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

"Subjects baseline blood pressure (systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)), and blood pressures after clonidine injection was compared against baseline to assess efficacy of clonidine in refractory hypertensive subjects. Subject's blood pressure was monitored continuously after intrathecal injection of clonidine until subjects blood pressure nadir and return to pre clonidine injection level. The mean value reported below are the average changes in blood pressure from baseline (pre clonidine injection) in both SBP and DBP during post clonidine injection blood pressure monitoring for 4 hours.~Blood pressure measurements were collected every 10 minutes for first hour after injection, and every 15 minutes after the first hour, up to 4 hours were averaged to report the change from baseline." (NCT01297335)
Timeframe: Baseline, Every 10 Minutes for first hour after clonidine injection, and every 15 minutes after first hour, until 4 hours after clonidine injection

Changes in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Ratings of Sedation and Sensation of Dry Mouth Reported by the Subjects, Pre and 1 Hour Post Injection

Intervention	mm Hg (Mean)
	Change in mean SBP after clonidine injection	Change in DBP after clonidine injection
Intrathecal Clonidine	79	37

Subjects were asked to rate severity of two of the most common side effects of clonidine, sedation and sensation of dry mouth, at pre and post (1 hour after) intrathecal administration of clonidine. The mean changes between pre and post injection VAS ratings of sedation and sensation of dry mouth are reported below. The VAS scale ranges from 1 to 10 cm, with higher values indicating higher level of sedation and higher level of dry mouth. (NCT01297335)
Timeframe: Before clonidine injection (Baseline), and at 1 hour after clonidine injection.

Likert Scale Pain Rating

Intervention	cm (Mean)
	Change in level of sedation	Change in sensation of dry mouth
Intrathecal Clonidine	3.36	3.47

Likert scale is 11 point digital pain rating system that asks subjects to rate their pain from 0 to 10. Rating of 0 means no pain at all, and in increasing order, 10 would mean worst pain imaginable/ unbearable pain. (NCT01297335)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 1 hour post injection.

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Pre-injection average Likert score	Post-injection average Likert score
Intrathecal Clonidine	6.5	3.6

Article	Year
[Renoprotecion With Metabolic Syndrome: the Possibility of Receptor Agonist Imidazoline Moxonidine]. Kardiologiia, 2016, Volume: 56, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Imidazoline Receptors; Kidney; K	2016
[Possibilities of the use of moxonidine in the treatment of arterial hypertension in patients with metabolic syndrome and diabetes]. Kardiologiia, 2011, Volume: 51, Issue:4 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Biological Availability; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothe	2011
Pharmacological properties of the central antihypertensive agent, moxonidine. Cardiovascular therapeutics, 2012, Volume: 30, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Central Nervous System; Heart Failure; Humans; Hyp	2012
[Policy of antihypertensive therapy in arterial hypertension in the elderly. II]. Klinicheskaia meditsina, 2002, Volume: 80, Issue:9 Topics: Acrylates; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiotensin Receptor	2002
Centrally acting imidazoline I1-receptor agonists: do they have a place in the management of hypertension? American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions, 2001, Volume: 1, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Imidazoline Receptors; Oxazoles;	2001
Selective imidazoline agonist moxonidine plus the ACE inhibitor ramipril in hypertensive patients with impaired insulin sensitivity: partners in a successful MARRIAGE? Current medical research and opinion, 2004, Volume: 20, Issue:3 Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Dis	2004
Moxonidine: a review of its use in essential hypertension. Drugs, 2006, Volume: 66, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles	2006
Centrally acting antihypertensive agents: an update. Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2007, Volume: 9, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Contraindications; Gu	2007
[Arterial hypertension in extreme situations]. Klinicheskaia meditsina, 2007, Volume: 85, Issue:10 Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; History, 20th Century; Hu	2007
[Evaluation of the antihypertensive drugs carvedilol, doxazosin and moxonidine]. Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1995, Volume: 145, Issue:15-16 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Clinical Trials as Topic; Doxazosin; Hemodynamics;	1995
Clinical pharmacology of drugs acting on imidazoline and adrenergic receptors. Studies with clonidine, moxonidine, rilmenidine, and atenolol. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1995, Jul-12, Volume: 763 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Atenolol; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Humans; Hypertension; Imidaz	1995
Clinical experience with moxonidine. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 1994, Volume: 8 Suppl 1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Antihypertensive Agents; Half-Life; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension; Imidaz	1994
[Imidazole receptors and blood pressure regulation. High receptor selectivity of moxonidine]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1993, Jun-25, Volume: 118, Issue:25 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Cats; Clonidine; Humans	1993
[New, in Austria registered specialty drugs. Normoxin (moxonidine)]. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 1993, Volume: 105, Issue:3 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Metabolic Clearance Rate;	1993
[Imidazol receptor agonists--new possibilities for treating hypertension]. Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej, 1995, Volume: 49, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension; Imi	1995
Imidazoline receptor agonist drugs: a new approach to the treatment of systemic hypertension. Journal of clinical pharmacology, 1996, Volume: 36, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Imidaz	1996
From alpha and beta to I1: an overview of sympathetic receptors involved in blood pressure control targets for drug treatment. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 1996, Volume: 27 Suppl 3 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Imidazoline Rece	1996
Effective antihypertensive therapy: blood pressure control with moxonidine. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 1996, Volume: 27 Suppl 3 Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Calcium Channel Blockers; Diureti	1996
The I1-imidazoline receptor: from binding site to therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease. Journal of hypertension. Supplement : official journal of the International Society of Hypertension, 1997, Volume: 15, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Binding Sites; Clonidine; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Imidaz	1997
Considerations in the treatment of insulin resistance and related disorders with a new sympatholytic agent. Journal of hypertension. Supplement : official journal of the International Society of Hypertension, 1997, Volume: 15, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Calcium Channel Blockers; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Imidazoline	1997
The use of moxonidine in the treatment of hypertension. Journal of hypertension. Supplement : official journal of the International Society of Hypertension, 1997, Volume: 15, Issue:1 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension; Imi	1997
[Imidazoline receptors and use of drug blocking receptors I1]. Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego, 1996, Volume: 1, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Antihypertensive Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardi	1996
Moxonidine for hypertension. Drug and therapeutics bulletin, 1997, Volume: 35, Issue:5 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles	1997
Pharmacology and clinical use of moxonidine, a new centrally acting sympatholytic antihypertensive agent. Journal of human hypertension, 1997, Volume: 11 Suppl 1 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Catecholamines; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension; Imidaz	1997
Moxonidine: a review. Journal of human hypertension, 1997, Volume: 11, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Central Nervous System; Dose-Response Relationship	1997
[Imidazoline receptor agonists in the practical treatment of hypertension]. Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 1998, Volume: 70, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Guanidines; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Imidazoline Receptor	1998
Safety and tolerability of moxonidine in the treatment of hypertension. Drug safety, 1998, Volume: 19, Issue:3 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles	1998
Therapy of hypertension and metabolic syndrome: today's standard and tomorrow's perspectives. Blood pressure. Supplement, 1998, Volume: 3 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Insulin Resistance; Obes	1998
Moxonidine: pharmacology, clinical pharmacology and clinical profile. Blood pressure. Supplement, 1998, Volume: 3 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles	1998
[Clinical pharmacology of hypotensive drugs acting on central imidazoline receptors]. Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej, 1998, Volume: 100, Issue:6 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Imidazoline	1998
Central I1-imidazoline receptors as targets of centrally acting antihypertensive drugs. Clinical pharmacology of moxonidine and rilmenidine. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1999, Jun-21, Volume: 881 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Brain; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Hemodynamics; Humans;	1999
Moxonidine: a review of safety and tolerability after seven years of clinical experience. Journal of hypertension. Supplement : official journal of the International Society of Hypertension, 1999, Volume: 17, Issue:3 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Imidazoline Receptors; Pr	1999
Moxonidine: a new antiadrenergic antihypertensive agent. Journal of hypertension. Supplement : official journal of the International Society of Hypertension, 1999, Volume: 17, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic Antagonists; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; B	1999
[New, modern, centrally active antihypertensive agents in the treatment of essential hypertension]. Casopis lekaru ceskych, 1999, Jun-07, Volume: 138, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles	1999
Drugs acting on imidazoline receptors: a review of their pharmacology, their use in blood pressure control and their potential interest in cardioprotection. Drugs, 1999, Volume: 58, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Clinical Trials as Topic; Heart Failure; Hum	1999
Centrally acting antihypertensive drugs: re-emergence of sympathetic inhibition in the treatment of hypertension. Current hypertension reports, 1999, Volume: 1, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Randomized Controlled Trials as	1999
Metabolic effects of moxonidine and other centrally acting antihypertensives. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 1999, Volume: 1, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Diabetes Complications; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Insulin	1999
Moxonidine: some controversy. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2001, Volume: 2, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic Agonists; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Heart Failure; Humans	2001
Pharmacology of moxonidine: an I1-imidazoline receptor agonist. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2000, Volume: 35, Issue:7 Suppl 4 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Imidazoline Receptors; Neurons;	2000
Moxonidine: a new and versatile antihypertensive. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2000, Volume: 35, Issue:7 Suppl 4 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Sympathetic Nervous System	2000
[Central nervous system as a target for the new antihypertensive agents]. Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja, 1999, Volume: 115, Issue:20 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Autonomic Fibers, Preganglionic; Brain;	1999
Moxonidine. A review of its pharmacology, and therapeutic use in essential hypertension. Drugs, 1992, Volume: 44, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Randomized Controlled Trials as	1992
[Moxonidine. A new centrally active antihypertensive drug]. Der Internist, 1992, Volume: 33, Issue:10 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Vascular	1992

Article	Year
Influence of Moxonidine and Bisoprolol on Morphofunctional Condition of Arterial Wall and Telomerase Activity in Postmenopausal Women with Arterial Hypertension and Osteopenia. The Results from a Moscow Randomized Study. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 2022, Volume: 36, Issue:6 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Bisoprolol; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Femal	2022
Effectiveness of moxonidine to reduce atrial fibrillation burden in hypertensive patients. The American journal of cardiology, 2013, Sep-01, Volume: 112, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Amiodarone; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Convert	2013
Effects of sympatholytic therapy on postmenopausal symptoms in hypertensive postmenopausal women. Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society, 2014, Volume: 17, Issue:4 Topics: Atenolol; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Double-Blind Method; Drug Monitoring; Female; Hot Flashes	2014
Central sympathetic inhibition to reduce postablation atrial fibrillation recurrences in hypertensive patients: a randomized, controlled study. Circulation, 2014, Oct-14, Volume: 130, Issue:16 Topics: Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Atrial Fibrillation; Catheter Ablation; Double-Blind Method; Female;	2014
Aortic remodelling following the treatment and regression of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993), 2015, Volume: 37, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Amlodipine; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Antihypertensive Agents; Aorta, Th	2015
Central sympatholytic therapy has anti-inflammatory properties in hypertensive postmenopausal women. Journal of hypertension, 2008, Volume: 26, Issue:12 Topics: Adiponectin; Antihypertensive Agents; Atenolol; C-Reactive Protein; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fin	2008
Effect of moxonidine and amlodipine on serum YKL-40, plasma lipids and insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant hypertensive patients-a randomized, crossover trial. Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension, 2010, Volume: 33, Issue:4 Topics: Adipokines; Adult; Amlodipine; Antihypertensive Agents; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Body Size; Chiti	2010
[Combination therapy of hypertension in general clinical practice. The results of the KOHYBA study]. Vnitrni lekarstvi, 2010, Volume: 56, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; D	2010
[The efficacy and safety of moxonidine in patients with metabolic syndrome (the O.B.E.Z.I.T.A. trial)]. Vnitrni lekarstvi, 2011, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antihypertensive Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans;	2011
Placebo-controlled comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of once-daily moxonidine and enalapril in mild to moderate essential hypertension. Blood pressure, 2002, Volume: 11, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Enalapril; Fe	2002
[Pathogenetic role of moxonidine in the treatment of hypertension in postmenopausal women]. Kardiologiia, 2002, Volume: 42, Issue:11 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Middle Aged; Postmenopause	2002
[Moxomidine effectiveness in women with arterial hypertension associated with metabolic syndrome in initially high heart rate]. Kardiologiia, 2002, Volume: 42, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hy	2002
[Clinical assessment of prolonged therapy of patients with hypertension and diabetes with imidazoline receptor agonist moxonidine]. Kardiologiia, 2002, Volume: 42, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Diabetes Complications; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Imi	2002
[Comparison of the antihypertensive efficacy of and tolerance to 2 imidazoline receptor agonists: moxonidine and rilmenidine in monotherapy]. Annales de cardiologie et d'angeiologie, 2001, Volume: 50, Issue:3 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Imidazoline Receptors; Male; Midd	2001
Central nervous system effects of moxonidine experimental sustained release formulation in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2003, Volume: 55, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Tolerance; E	2003
Treatment of postmenopausal hypertension with moxonidine, a selective imidazoline receptor agonist. International journal of clinical practice. Supplement, 2004, Issue:139 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Atenolol; Blood Glucose; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hypertension;	2004
Effects of moxonidine vs. metoprolol on blood pressure and metabolic control in hypertensive subjects with type 2 diabetes. Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association, 2004, Volume: 112, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathi	2004
Different effects of losartan and moxonidine on endothelial function during sympathetic activation in essential hypertension. Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2004, Volume: 6, Issue:12 Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Catecholamines; Chromatography,	2004
Efficacy of moxonidine in the treatment of hypertension in obese, noncontrolled hypertensive patients. Kidney international. Supplement, 2005, Issue:93 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellit	2005
[Clinicogenetic aspects of carbohydrate metabolism disorders and efficacy of their correction with moxonidine and metformine in patients with arterial hypertension]. Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 2005, Volume: 77, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Alleles; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Carbohydrate Metabolism; DNA; Female;	2005
Selective imidazoline agonist moxonidine in obese hypertensive patients. International journal of clinical practice, 2006, Volume: 60, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Amlodipine; Anthropometry; Antihypertensive Agents; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertensio	2006
[Comparison of the effectiveness of moxonidine and prestarium in postmenopausal women with mild and moderate arterial hypertension]. Klinicheskaia meditsina, 2006, Volume: 84, Issue:4 Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Echocardiography;	2006
Moxonidine improves glycaemic control in mildly hypertensive, overweight patients: a comparison with metformin. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2006, Volume: 8, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Double-Blind Method; Female; G	2006
[The use of moxonidine in women with arterial hypertension in postmenopausal period]. Kardiologiia, 2006, Volume: 46, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Drug Combi	2006
The effect of moxonidine on endothelial dysfunction in metabolic syndrome. American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions, 2006, Volume: 6, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure Determination; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality	2006
Metabolic and antihypertensive effects of moxonidine and moxonidine plus irbesartan in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and mild hypertension: a sequential, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Clinical therapeutics, 2007, Volume: 29, Issue:4 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Antihypertensive Agents; Biphenyl Com	2007
Effects of sympatholytic therapy on insulin sensitivity indices in hypertensive postmenopausal women. International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2007, Volume: 45, Issue:7 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Antihypertensive Agents; Atenolol; Double-Blind Method; Female; Finland	2007
[Effect of antihypertensive agents from various pharmacological groups on blood pressure reaction during stress-testing. Part I. Comparative characteristics of medications, exerting effect of sympathoadrenal block]. Kardiologiia, 2008, Volume: 48, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Carbazoles; Carve	2008
Crossover comparison of moxonidine and clonidine in mild to moderate hypertension. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1984, Volume: 27, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Clonidine; Creatine; Double-Blind Metho	1984
Moxonidine and hydrochlorothiazide in combination: a synergistic antihypertensive effect. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 1994, Volume: 24 Suppl 1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Double-Blind Met	1994
Twenty-four-hour blood pressure profiles in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension: moxonidine versus captopril. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 1994, Volume: 24 Suppl 1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulat	1994
I1-imidazoline-receptor agonists in the treatment of hypertension: an appraisal of clinical experience. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 1994, Volume: 24 Suppl 1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Biomarke	1994
[Moxonidine vs. captopril in minor to intermediate hypertension. Double-blind study of effectiveness and tolerance]. Fortschritte der Medizin, 1993, Sep-30, Volume: 111, Issue:27 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Captopril; Dose-Response	1993
Placebo-controlled comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of once-daily moxonidine and enalapril in mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Journal of hypertension, 1997, Volume: 15, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Double-Bli	1997
Effect of moxonidine and cilazapril on microcirculation as assessed by finger nailfold capillaroscopy in mild-to-moderate hypertension. Angiology, 1998, Volume: 49, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Flow Velocity; Cilazapril; Double-Blind Method; Female;	1998
I1-imidazoline agonist moxonidine decreases sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in hypertensives. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 1998, Volume: 32, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Catecholamines; Double-Blind Method; Electromyograph	1998
Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of moxonidine using 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurements. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1998, Volume: 64, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Circadian Rhyt	1998
Moxonidine improves insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant hypertensives. Journal of hypertension. Supplement : official journal of the International Society of Hypertension, 1999, Volume: 17, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulat	1999
The effect of moxonidine on plasma lipid profile and on LDL subclass distribution. Journal of human hypertension, 1999, Volume: 13, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Copper; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Li	1999
[Effect of moxonidine monotherapy and in combination with melatonin on hemodynamic parameters in patients with arterial hypertension]. Klinicheskaia meditsina, 2000, Volume: 78, Issue:4 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Circadian Rhythm; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans;	2000
Chronic I(1)-imidazoline agonism : sympathetic mechanisms in hypertension. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2000, Volume: 35, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Cold Temperature; Hand Strength; Heart Rate; Humans;	2000
Comparison of manual versus ambulatory blood pressure measurements with pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of antihypertensive compounds: application to moxonidine. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2000, Volume: 68, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Blood Pressure M	2000
[Use of phisiotens for the treatment of arterial hypertension in elderly patients]. Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 2001, Volume: 73, Issue:9 Topics: Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles;	2001
Safety and efficacy of moxonidine in mild to moderate hypertension. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2001, Volume: 49 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Epistaxis; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Imida	2001
[Influence of long-term moxonidine (psysiotens) monotherapy on neuropsychological status and brain perfusion in elderly patients with arterial hypertension]. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova, 2002, Volume: 102, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Brain; Cognition; Dementia; Female; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Hypertensio	2002
Hemodynamic and neurohumoral effects of moxonidine in patients with essential hypertension. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 1991, Volume: 5, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Exercise; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hy	1991
[Long-term experiences with moxonidine, a new antihypertensive agent]. Fortschritte der Medizin, 1990, Nov-10, Volume: 108, Issue:32 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypert	1990
Pharmacodynamic action and pharmacokinetics of moxonidine after single oral administration in hypertension patients. Journal of clinical pharmacology, 1990, Volume: 30, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Catecholamines; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hy	1990
Comparison of moxonidine and clonidine HCl in treating patients with hypertension. Journal of clinical pharmacology, 1987, Volume: 27, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Clinical Trials as Topic; C	1987

Article	Year
The use of moxonidine in the treatment of arterial hypertension. Vnitrni lekarstvi, 2021,Summer, Volume: 67, Issue:3 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles	2021
INN Common stem: -onidine. Prescrire international, 2017, Volume: 26, Issue:181 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Antimalarials; Brimonidine Tartrate; Cinchona Alkaloids; Cloni	2017
[The efficacy of antihypertension drugs and their combinations in the non-treated hypertension]. Meditsina truda i promyshlennaia ekologiia, 2013, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antihypertensive Agents; Calcium Channel Blockers; Captopril; Drug Therapy,	2013
Moxonidine-induced central sympathoinhibition improves prognosis in rats with hypertensive heart failure. Journal of hypertension, 2013, Volume: 31, Issue:11 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Heart Failure; Hypertension; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Imidaz	2013
Centrally acting drug moxonidine decreases reactive oxygen species via inactivation of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase signaling in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in hypertensive rats. Journal of hypertension, 2016, Volume: 34, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzofurans; Disease Models, Animal; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Mal	2016
[The Effectiveness of Combination Antihypertensive Therapy in Women With Hypothyroidism and the Metabolic Syndrome]. Kardiologiia, 2016, Volume: 56, Issue:9 Topics: Amlodipine; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Dihydrop	2016
Addressing the relationship between sympathetic activity and inflammation. Journal of hypertension, 2008, Volume: 26, Issue:12 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Atenolol; C-Reactive Protein; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Inf	2008
Interruption of central neuronal pathway of imidazoline I1 receptor mediates the hypertensive effect of cyclosporine in rats. Brain research, 2009, Jan-12, Volume: 1248 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Re	2009
Hemodynamic and cardiac effects of chronic eprosartan and moxonidine therapy in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2009, Volume: 53, Issue:5 Topics: Acrylates; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Blood Pressure; Heart Rate;	2009
Rare psychotropic adverse event of moxonidine. Psychiatria Danubina, 2009, Volume: 21, Issue:4 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Dreams; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles	2009
Microvascular effects of centrally acting antihypertensive drugs in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2010, Volume: 55, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Capillaries; Clonidine; Dise	2010
Moxonidine improves cardiac structure and performance in SHR through inhibition of cytokines, p38 MAPK and Akt. British journal of pharmacology, 2011, Volume: 164, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Cell Death; Cell Survival; Collagen; Cytokines; Ec	2011
[Acute management at the rising of arterial pressure which is not menacing to a life]. Kardiologiia, 2011, Volume: 51, Issue:2 Topics: Acute Disease; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Aged; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors;	2011
Pecularities of prolonged use of moxonidine in patients with hypertension associated with metabolic syndrome. Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2011, Volume: 151, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Antihypertensive Agents; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypertension;	2011
Moxonidine-induced priapism in an autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease dialysis patient. Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation : an official publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia, 2012, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Male; Middle A	2012
[Obesity and hypertension. A dangerous liaison]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2002, Oct-24, Volume: 144, Issue:43 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Obesity; Sympatholytics	2002
Non-adrenergic exploratory behavior induced by moxonidine at mildly hypotensive doses. Brain research, 2003, Feb-21, Volume: 964, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzazepi	2003
[Moxonidine is advantageous for hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. Therapy of hypertension also lowers HbA1c]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2003, Jan-16, Volume: 145, Issue:1-2 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; H	2003
The role of I(1)-imidazoline and alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors in the modulation of glucose metabolism in the spontaneously hypertensive obese rat model of metabolic syndrome X. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2003, Volume: 306, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Animals; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Glucose	2003
[Study examines prescriptions for hypertension. Physicians adhering to guidelines very well]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2003, Jun-19, Volume: 145, Issue:25 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Germany; Guideline Adherence; Humans; Hypertension	2003
[The use of moxonidine in patients with essential hypertension combined with metabolic syndrome]. Kardiologiia, 2003, Volume: 43, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Insulin; Kinins; Ma	2003
Effects of moxonidine and metoprolol in penile circulation in hypertensive men with erectile dysfunction: results of a pilot study. International journal of impotence research, 2003, Volume: 15, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Arteries; Blood Flow Velocity; Cross-Over Studies; Drug Administrati	2003
[Effect of imidazoline receptor agonist moxonidine on the state of microcirculation and renal function in patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2]. Kardiologiia, 2003, Volume: 43, Issue:9 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Hemodynamics; Hu	2003
Cardiac effects of moxonidine in spontaneously hypertensive obese rats. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2003, Volume: 1009 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Blood Pressure; Female; Heart Atria; He	2003
Norepinephrine release is reduced by I(1)-receptors in addition to alpha(2)-adrenoceptors. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2003, Volume: 1009 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Agmatine; Animals; Benzofurans; Blood Pressure; Bridged Bicyclo Compou	2003
Imidazoline receptors but not alpha 2-adrenoceptors are regulated in spontaneously hypertensive rat heart by chronic moxonidine treatment. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2004, Volume: 310, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Heart Atria; Heart Ventricles; Hypertension; Imid	2004
Effect of moxonidine on lipid subfractions in patients with hypertension. International journal of clinical practice, 2004, Volume: 58, Issue:5 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Female; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypertension; Imidazoles;	2004
Moxonidine in the treatment of overweight and obese patients with the metabolic syndrome: a postmarketing surveillance study. Journal of human hypertension, 2004, Volume: 18, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antihypertensive Agents; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure;	2004
[The role of hypersympathycotony in development of arterial hypertension in patients with metabolic syndrome: potential of pathogenetically sound therapy]. Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 2004, Volume: 76, Issue:12 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Male;	2004
Use of moxonidine in elderly patients with resistant hypertension. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 2005, Volume: 30, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Circadian Rhythm; Drug Resistance;	2005
[The modulatory influence of moxonidine on the different link of sympatho-adrenal system and hemodynamic reactions in normo and hypertensive rats during emotional stress]. Georgian medical news, 2006, Issue:133 Topics: Animals; Hemodynamics; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Rats; Stress, Psychologic	2006
Antihypertensive responses elicited by central moxonidine in rats: possible role of nitric oxide. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2006, Volume: 47, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Baroreflex; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Drug Interactions; Endoth	2006
Marked insulin resistance in obese spontaneously hypertensive rat adipocytes is ameliorated by in vivo but not in vitro treatment with moxonidine. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2007, Volume: 320, Issue:2 Topics: Adipocytes; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Glucose; Hypertension; Imidazoles; In	2007
Clonidine, moxonidine, folic acid, and mecobalamin improve baroreflex function in stroke-prone, spontaneously hypertensive rats. Acta pharmacologica Sinica, 2007, Volume: 28, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Baroreflex; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Female; Folic Acid; Hematin	2007
Peroxynitrite is Involved in the dysfunction of vasorelaxation in SHR/NDmcr-cp rats, spontaneously hypertensive obese rats. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2007, Volume: 50, Issue:6 Topics: Acetylcholine; Amlodipine; Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Blotting, Wester	2007
Selective stimulation of I1-imidazoline receptors as a novel mechanism for antihypertensive action. Focus on moxonidine. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 1994, Volume: 24 Suppl 1 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Catecholamines; Death, Sudden; Disease Models, Animal; Heart Arres	1994
Mechanisms of cardiac cell damage due to catecholamines: significance of drugs regulating central sympathetic outflow. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 1994, Volume: 24 Suppl 1 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Calcium; Catecholamines; Clo	1994
Selective antihypertensive action of moxonidine is mediated mainly by I1-imidazoline receptors in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 1994, Volume: 24 Suppl 1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Affinity Labels; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzazepines; Benzo	1994
A novel mechanism of action for hypertension control: moxonidine as a selective I1-imidazoline agonist. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 1994, Volume: 8 Suppl 1 Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Autoradiography; Binding Sites; Blood Pressure; C	1994
[Controlling blood pressure by centrally acting drugs--still a topic?]. Fortschritte der Medizin, 1994, Jan-30, Volume: 112, Issue:3 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Imidazoles; Receptors,	1994
Drug withdrawal and rebound hypertension: differential action of the central antihypertensive drugs moxonidine and clonidine. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 1996, Volume: 10 Suppl 1 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Heart Rate; Hypertension; Imidazoles; R	1996
Sympathetic nervous system in salt-sensitive and obese hypertension: amelioration of multiple abnormalities by a central sympatholytic agent. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 1996, Volume: 10 Suppl 1 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Eating; Female; Glucos	1996
Influence of different dietary salts on the cardiovascular and renal effects of moxonidine in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 1997, Volume: 356, Issue:1 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Drinking;	1997
[Long-term antihypertensive therapy with moxonidine (cynt) in patients with insulin-independent diabetes mellitus]. Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 1997, Volume: 69, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diuretics; Drug Evaluation; Dru	1997
Renal and blood pressure effects of moxonidine and clonidine in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clinical nephrology, 1997, Volume: 48, Issue:6 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Aminoacridines; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Ani	1997
Selective imidazoline receptor agonists for metabolic syndrome. Lancet (London, England), 1998, Jan-17, Volume: 351, Issue:9097 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Imidazoline Receptors; Insulin Resistance	1998
[Efficacy of moxonidine, an imidazoline receptor agonist, in patients with essential hypertension]. Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 1998, Volume: 70, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Echocardiography;	1998
[Moxonidine. A new antihypertensive agent of central action]. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia, 1998, Volume: 70, Issue:6 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles	1998
[The significance of the sympathetic nervous system during therapy for hypertension and related pathologies. Imidazoline-I1-receptor agonists. 17th Scientific Meeting of the International Society of Hypertension. Amsterdam, June 7, 1998]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1998, Aug-14, Volume: 123, Issue:33 Suppl Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Imidazoline Re	1998
Chronopharmacological dependence of antihypertensive effects of the imidazoline-like drugs in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Journal of the autonomic nervous system, 1998, Oct-15, Volume: 72, Issue:2-3 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Circadian Rhythm; Cloni	1998
Mechanisms of antihyperglycemic effects of moxonidine in the obese spontaneously hypertensive Koletsky rat (SHROB). The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1999, Volume: 288, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glucose Transporter Type 4; Hypert	1999
Effect of moxonidine on blood pressure and sympathetic tone in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. European journal of pharmacology, 1998, Nov-27, Volume: 362, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Catecholamines; Clonidine; Heart Rate; Hypertensio	1998
Anti-hyperglycemic activity of moxonidine: metabolic and molecular effects in obese spontaneously hypertensive rats. Blood pressure. Supplement, 1998, Volume: 3 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Hyperglycemia; Hypertension; Hypog	1998
[New central agents in the treatment of arterial hypertension]. Anales de medicina interna (Madrid, Spain : 1984), 1999, Volume: 16, Issue:10 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; Adult; Antihyp	1999
alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors are not required for central anti-hypertensive action of moxonidine in mice. Brain research, 2000, Apr-17, Volume: 862, Issue:1-2 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Amygdala; Animals; Antihypert	2000
[Pharma-clinics. Medication of the month. Moxonidine (Moxon)]. Revue medicale de Liege, 2000, Volume: 55, Issue:1 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Treatment Outcome	2000
Molecular pathology in the obese spontaneous hypertensive Koletsky rat: a model of syndrome X. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1999, Nov-18, Volume: 892 Topics: Animals; Anti-Obesity Agents; Carrier Proteins; Disease Models, Animal; Endocrine System; Female; Hy	1999
[Imidazole receptor agonists--a new advance in the treatment of hypertension?]. Vnitrni lekarstvi, 2000, Volume: 46, Issue:2 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Imidazoline Receptors; Oxazoles; Receptor	2000
[Results of experimental and clinical trials of moxonidine presented at the 8th-10th European Hypertension Conferences]. Klinicheskaia meditsina, 2001, Volume: 79, Issue:7 Topics: Europe; Hypertension; Imidazoles	2001
[Effect of the imidazoline receptor agonist moxonidine on hemodynamics, coronary circulation, metabolic ischemia markers and the neurohumoral system in patients with essential hypertension. Effects of moxonidine on coronary circulation]. Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie, 2001, Volume: 90, Issue:12 Topics: Aged; Angina Pectoris; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Flow Velocity; Coronary Circulation; Electroca	2001
[Moxonidine for hypertension. "A good base for combination therapy"]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2002, Jan-24, Volume: 144, Issue:3-4 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypertension;	2002
Effects of nifedipine and moxonidine on cardiac structure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Stereological studies on myocytes, capillaries, arteries, and cardiac interstitium. American journal of hypertension, 1992, Volume: 5, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Capillaries; Coronary Circulation; Heart; Hyperten	1992
Effects of nifedipine and moxonidine on cardiac structure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)--stereological studies on myocytes, capillaries, arteries, and cardiac interstitium. Basic research in cardiology, 1991, Volume: 86 Suppl 3 Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Heart; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Male; Myocar	1991
General pharmacology of the novel centrally acting antihypertensive agent moxonidine. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1988, Volume: 38, Issue:10 Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Cats; Chemical Phenomena; Ch	1988
Intraindividual comparison of moxonidine and prazosin in hypertensive patients. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1986, Volume: 29, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Imidazol	1986

moxonidine and Hypertension