motilin and Peptic-Ulcer

Ghrelin is the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) which was identified in the pituitary gland and is now named the ghrelin receptor. However, the peptide is most abundant in the stomach and ghrelin receptors are present in all major organ systems and tissues. Ghrelin forms with motilin, a new gut peptide family and the sequence similarities of peptides and receptors suggest they evolved by gene duplication. Nevertheless, no cross-reactivity exits between both peptides. Ghrelin shares with motilin motor effects in the gut, in particular gastric emptying and the induction of the migrating motor complex, but ghrelin also affects gastric acid secretion, offers gastroprotection and may modulate intestinal inflammation. The effects of ghrelin result from the activation of central, vagal and enteric neural receptors and receptors on immune cells. Ghrelin agonists have been developed for the treatment of hypomotility disorders and the peptidomimetic TZP-102 is in phase 2 clinical trials for diabetic gastroparesis.

Topics: Animals; Cross Reactions; Cytoprotection; Gastroenteritis; Gastrointestinal Motility; Gastrointestinal Tract; Ghrelin; Humans; Motilin; Peptic Ulcer; Receptors, Ghrelin

Information concerning GEP hormones has progressively advanced since the initial discovery of a GEP hormone, secretin, in 1902. Studies in this area flourished with the advent of radioimmunoassay, and have provided an understanding of the secretion, regulation, metabolic actions, and role in certain diseases of major GEP hormones. Measurement of GEP hormones has achieved importance in clinical medicine and allowed understanding of the pathophysiology of several clinical disorders. The decade to come should witness additional advances in this rapidly expanding field.

Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cholecystokinin; Diabetes Mellitus; Diarrhea; Endocrine System Diseases; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Gastrins; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Glucagon; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Motilin; Neoplasms; Neurotensin; Pancreatic Polypeptide; Peptic Ulcer; Secretin; Skin Diseases; Somatostatin; Substance P; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Topics: APUD Cells; Cholecystokinin; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Gastrins; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Glucagon; Humans; Motilin; Pancreatic Polypeptide; Peptic Ulcer; Secretin; Somatostatin; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

The present study was designed to observe the effect of quadruple therapy combined with probiotics on

Topics: Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bismuth; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gastrins; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Metronidazole; Motilin; Pectins; Peptic Ulcer; Probiotics; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Somatostatin; Tablets, Enteric-Coated

Topics: Adult; Calcium; Female; Gastrectomy; Gastrins; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Glucagon; Humans; Middle Aged; Motilin; Peptic Ulcer; Secretin; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Insulin, enteroglucagon, neurotensin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and motilin have been measured in plasma during an oral glucose test in 76 patients before or after different upper gastrointestinal operations for peptic ulceration. The patients were divided into three clinical groups in accordance with their spontaneous symptoms of dumping after ordinary meals: 26 postoperative patients into a dumping group, 30 postoperative patients into a non-dumping group, and 20 preoperative patients into a reference group. The fasting values of the five hormones were similar in the operated and non-operated groups. Insulin, enteroglucagon, neurotensin, and GIP rose significantly in all patients. The increment of insulin, enteroglucagon, and neurotensin was greater in the postoperative patients with dumping symptoms than in the postoperative and preoperative patients without dumping symptoms. All the patients had a small decrement of motilin. The resulting hypothesis is that an impaired neural control of the gastric emptying is the essential aetiological factor in the dumping syndrome. The excessively rapid delivery of the meal into the jejunum is the abnormal stimulus to the exaggerated hormone release. The response of the small intestine with regard to the hormone release is considered proportionate to the given stimulus. The abrupt fall in circulating blood volume is suggested to play a role in producing the polymorphic symptoms. Neurotensin and GIP cannot be excluded from being the factors arresting the rapid gastric emptying in patients whose neural control has been impaired after gastric surgery.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Dumping Syndrome; Female; Gastric Emptying; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Glucagon-Like Peptides; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Insulin; Male; Middle Aged; Motilin; Neurotensin; Peptic Ulcer; Vagotomy

Topics: Gastrointestinal Hormones; Glucagon; Humans; Motilin; Peptic Ulcer; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Topics: Adult; Female; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motilin; Peptic Ulcer