motilin and Kidney-Failure--Chronic

Topics: Biomarkers; Constipation; Diabetes Mellitus; Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine; Diarrhea; Duodenal Ulcer; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Motilin; Radioimmunoassay; Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone; Receptors, Neuropeptide; Reference Values; Specimen Handling

In order to study the relationship between plasma motilin and motility of gallbladder in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Gallbladder volumes were determined with ultrasound in 17 normal subjects and 22 patients with CRF. Fasting gallbladder volumes (FGVs) and postprandial residual gallbladder volumes in patients with CRF were much smaller than those of normal subjects (P < 0.01, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference of maximal percentage emptying of gallbladder between normal subjects and patients with CRF (P > 0.05). In 17 normal subjects oral erythromycin administration reduce FGVs and postprandial residual gallbladder volumes (P < 0.05, P < 0.05). In 22 patients with CRF oral erythromycin administration changed neither FGVs nor postprandial residual gallbladder volumes. Radioimmunoassay was employed to measure plasma motilin concentration. The results showed that mean level of plasma motilin of patients with CRF was much higher than that of normal subjects (P < 0.01). There was sighificant negative correlation between plasma motilin level and FGVs. It is suggested that hypermotilinemia may be one of the major reasons for motility disorder of gallbladder in patients with CRF.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Erythromycin; Female; Gallbladder Emptying; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Motilin

The fasting plasma levels of 10 vasoactive regulatory peptides were measured by radioimmunoassay in 23 stable patients with chronic renal failure receiving regular hemodialysis treatment (RDT) and compared with those of healthy controls. The plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide, beta-endorphin, methionine-enkephalin, motilin, neuropeptide Y, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal peptide were increased. The plasma level of calcitonin gene-related peptide was not statistically different from that of the controls. The plasma concentration of gamma 2-melanocyte-stimulating hormone was lowered in the RDT-patients. The arterial blood pressure correlated with the plasma levels of motilin and neuropeptide Y. We conclude that patients with chronic renal failure receiving RDT have increased concentrations of 8 out of 10 measured vasoactive regulatory peptides. The elevated levels of vasoactive peptides may contribute to the adaptation of the cardiovascular system to impaired renal function.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arginine Vasopressin; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; beta-Endorphin; Blood Pressure; Enkephalin, Methionine; Female; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Function Tests; Male; Middle Aged; Motilin; Neuropeptide Y; Neuropeptides; Renal Dialysis; Substance P; Vascular Resistance; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

The fasting plasma levels of 9 gastrointestinal regulatory peptides were measured by radioimmunoassay in 13 stable patients with chronic renal failure receiving hemodialysis treatment regularly and compared with those of 10 healthy controls. The plasma concentrations of gastrin-releasing peptide, motilin, neurotensin, pancreatic polypeptide, peptide YY, somatostatin, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal peptide were increased. The plasma level of gastrin was not statistically different from that of the controls (p = 0.077). We conclude that patients with chronic renal failure receiving hemodialysis treatment regularly have increased concentrations of eight of nine measured gastrointestinal regulatory peptides. The elevated levels of gastrointestinal peptides in patients with chronic renal failure may contribute to uremic gastrointestinal symptoms and dysfunctions. It is necessary to make a renal function evaluation before interpreting measured plasma levels of gastrointestinal regulatory peptides.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Gastrin-Releasing Peptide; Gastrins; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Middle Aged; Motilin; Neuropeptides; Neurotensin; Pancreatic Polypeptide; Peptide YY; Peptides; Radioimmunoassay; Renal Dialysis; Somatostatin; Substance P; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Diabetes Mellitus; Diarrhea; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Motilin; Radioimmunoassay; Reference Values

Topics: Acidosis; Adenoma, Islet Cell; Aged; Diarrhea; Drug Resistance; Female; Humans; Hypokalemia; Injections, Subcutaneous; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Motilin; Neurotensin; Octreotide; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pancreatic Polypeptide; Somatostatin; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Fifteen patients with chronic renal failure (serum creatinine level greater than 5 mg/dl) of long duration (more than 2 years) requiring hemodialysis were studied. Blood samples before and after 4 hours of hemodialysis were assayed for creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, potassium, calcium, glucose, insulin, gastrin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, motilin, and neurotensin levels. Before dialysis, serum gastrin was minimally increased whereas gastric inhibitory polypeptide and pancreatic polypeptide were grossly increased compared with normal fasting values. Hemodialysis produced no changes in serum gastric inhibitory polypeptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, motilin, and neurotensin. Slight increases in serum insulin and gastrin levels may have occurred secondary to a dialysis-induced increase in the serum calcium level. The kidneys appear to be a major site of inactivation of insulin, gastrin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, and pancreatic polypeptide. The gastrin level, although elevated in renal failure patients, may be suppressed by very high circulating levels of gastric inhibitory polypeptide.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Gastrins; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Humans; Insulin; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Middle Aged; Motilin; Neurotensin; Pancreatic Polypeptide; Renal Dialysis; Somatostatin; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antibody Specificity; Chromatography, Gel; Colitis, Ulcerative; Epitopes; Female; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Humans; Ileum; Immunologic Techniques; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Motilin

Plasma immunoreactive motilin (IRM) concentrations were strikingly higher in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) than in normal subjects. IRM in azotemic plasma was heterogeneous in gel-filtration profile. The first peak eluted in the void volume of the column and the second and the third one, comprising a major portion of IRM content, came out coincidentally with insulin and authentic motilin, respectively. By contrast, no discernible amount of IRM was found in the region corresponding with the second peak in gel-filtration of the plasma from normals and very little in a patient with ileus whole plasma IRM level was elevated. The hypermotilinemia and the accumulation of this high molecular weight motilin in patients with CRF suggest that the kidney plays some role in the elimination of motilin, and further, that the clearance of the high molecular motilin is more dependent on renal function than that of authentic motilin. The present paper emphasizes the necessity for clarifying the significance of the heterogeneity of IRM in CRF.

Topics: Chromatography, Gel; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Humans; Intestinal Obstruction; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Molecular Weight; Motilin

Topics: Gastrointestinal Hormones; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Transplantation; Motilin; Peritoneal Dialysis; Renal Dialysis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Child; Creatinine; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Middle Aged; Motilin; Renal Dialysis