motilin and Intestinal-Diseases

Gastrointestinal motility disorders represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Disorders of gastrointestinal motility may result in accelerated transit, delayed transit, impaired relaxation, or inappropriate relaxation. The delayed transit disorders are the most important motility disorders of companion animals and may involve the esophagus (hypomotility and megaesophagus), stomach (delayed gastric emptying), small intestine (postoperative ileus and intestinal pseudo-obstruction), or colon (constipation and megacolon).

Topics: Animals; Benzofurans; Cisapride; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Gastrointestinal Agents; Gastrointestinal Motility; Indoles; Intestinal Diseases; Motilin

Topics: Cisapride; Constipation; Diarrhea; Domperidone; Dumping Syndrome; Gastric Emptying; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction; Intestine, Small; Metoclopramide; Motilin; Parasympathomimetics; Piperidines; Serotonin Antagonists; Stomach Diseases

Motilin, pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin blood concentrations in response to drinking water have been studied in 40 patients with functional bowel disease and compared with results in two groups of healthy control subjects. Patients with slow transit constipation and idiopathic megacolon showed impaired motilin release. Pancreatic polypeptide release was reduced in patients with slow transit constipation, but increased in those with functional diarrhoea. Gastrin release was impaired in all groups complaining of chronic constipation. Circulating motilin, pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin concentrations appear to bear some relationship to intestinal transit time in patients with functional bowel disorders.

Topics: Adult; Colonic Diseases, Functional; Constipation; Diarrhea; Drinking; Female; Gastrins; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Male; Megacolon; Middle Aged; Motilin; Pancreatic Polypeptide; Water

A number of human diseases with intestinal adaptation have been investigated, including acute infective diarrhoea, intestinal resection, jejuno-ileal bypass, coeliac disease, tropical sprue, chronic pancreatitis and cystic fibrosis. In all, the newly isolated hormone enteroglucagon appeared to be elevated in proportion to the degree of adaptation. In rats after gut resection and cold adaptation, enteroglucagon was also elevated and the degree of elevation correlated closely with the crypt cell production rate (CCPR). Chronic administration of somatostatin suppressed both enteroglucagon and CCPR, while bombesin stimulated both. A crude preparation of enteroglucagon was found to directly stimulate DNA synthesis in enterocyte cultures. It is thus concluded that, at present, the most likely candidate for the humoral component of intestinal adaptation is the hormonal peptide enteroglucagon.

Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; Animals; Cattle; Diarrhea; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Glucagon-Like Peptides; Humans; Hypertrophy; Infant; Inflammation; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Intestines; Mice; Motilin; Obesity; Rats