morphine and Weight-Gain

To study the significance of some clinical parameters related to neonatal 'swimming' (water therapy) during hospitalization.. Normal newborns were randomly divided into two groups to observe their birth weight, weight before discharge,time of first defecation and meconium turning yellow. Group one was the swimming (study) group, comprising a total of 223 newborns including 127 babies delivered after spontaneous vaginal delivery and 96 babies after Cesarean section. Group two was the bathing (control) group, comprising 154 newborns including 109 babies delivered after spontaneous vaginal delivery and 45 babies after Cesarean section.. There was no significant difference in birth weight between the two groups (p > 0.05). However, the mean weight before discharge of the babies in the study group was 3.29 + 0.35 and 3.51 + 0.40 kg, spontaneous vaginal delivery vs. Cesarean section, compared with 3.09 + 0.38 and 3.17 + 0.48 kg, respectively, in the control group (p < 0.01). The corresponding mean times of meconium turning yellow were 39.15 + 15.88 and 39.02 + 13.60 h in the study group compared with 48.01 + 19.42 and 55.67 + 25.05 h in the control group. This difference was significant (p < 0.01), as was the difference between the time of first defecation (p < 0.05).. Neonatal swimming can accelerate babies' growth in the early stage.

Topics: Baths; Cesarean Section; Color; Defecation; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Humans; Hydrotherapy; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Obstetrics; Swimming; Time Factors; Weight Gain

Preterm birth may result in adverse health outcomes. Very preterm infants typically exhibit postnatal growth restriction, metabolic disturbances, and exaggerated inflammatory responses. We investigated the differences in the meconium microbiota composition between very preterm (<32 weeks), moderately preterm (32-37 weeks), and term (>37 weeks) human neonates by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Human meconium microbiota transplants to germ-free mice were conducted to investigate whether the meconium microbiota is causally related to the preterm infant phenotype in an experimental model. Our results indicate that very preterm birth is associated with a distinct meconium microbiota composition. Fecal microbiota transplant of very preterm infant meconium results in impaired growth, altered intestinal immune function, and metabolic parameters as compared to term infant meconium transplants in germ-free mice. This finding suggests that measures aiming to minimize the long-term adverse consequences of very preterm birth should be commenced during pregnancy or directly after birth.

Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Germ-Free Life; Growth and Development; Hormones; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Inflammation; Male; Meconium; Metabolism; Mice; Weight Gain

The gut microbiome in newborns may be strongly influenced by their intrinsic host microenvironmental factors (e.g., the gestational age) and has been linked to their short-term growth and potentially future health. It is yet unclear whether early microbiota composition is significantly different in newborns conceived by assisted reproductive technology (ART) when compared with those who were conceived spontaneously. Additionally, little is known about the effect of gut microbiota composition on weight gain in early infancy. We aimed to characterize the features and the determinants of the gut microbiome in ART newborns and to assess the impact of early microbiota composition on their weight gain in early infancy in mother-infant dyads enrolled in the China National Birth Cohort (CNBC). Among 118 neonates born by ART and 91 neonates born following spontaneous conception, we observed significantly reduced gut microbiota α-diversity and declined Bacteroidetes relative abundance in ART neonates. The microbiota composition of ART neonates was largely driven by specific ART treatments, hinting the importance of fetus intrinsic host microenvironment on the early microbial colonization. Following up these neonates for six months after their births, we observed the effects of gut microbiome composition on infant rapid weight gaining. Collectively, we identified features and determinants of the gut microbiota composition in ART neonates, and provided evidence for the importance of microbiota composition in neonatal growth.

Topics: Adult; Bacteroidetes; Child Development; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Models, Statistical; Mothers; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; Weight Gain

SUMMARY The study evaluated the effect of frequent suckling on neonatal serum bilirubin level, weight gain and passage of meconium in exclusively breastfed (Ebfed) neonates in the first week of lactation. These variables were investigated for 358 healthy full-term, EBfed Nigerian newborn, delivered vaginally without complications at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) in their first week of life. Their maternal breast problems and time of achievement of let-down reflex were also evaluated. Mothers nursed their newborns on the average of 13.3 + 1.6 times in the first 24 hours. This non-significantly decreased to 13.1 + 1.2 by the 7th day. Significant positive correlations were found between the frequency of EBfing and passage of meconium in the first 24 hours of life ( r = 0.41, p < 0.05), and weight gain by day 7 ( r = 0.34, p<0.001). Inverse relationship was observed between frequency of suckling and neonatal serum bilirubin level on days 3 and 7 (r = -.13 and -.15), time of achievement of maternal let-down reflex ( r = -.43) and their breast problems (r = -.38), P values < 0.05. We therefore concluded that frequent suckling during EBfing has beneficial health effect on both the mother and her newborn in the first week of lactation. BG.

Topics: Adult; Bilirubin; Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Time Factors; Weight Gain

We sought to compare obstetric and neonatal complications among great-grand multiparous, grand multiparous, and multiparous women.. One hundred thirty-three great-grand multiparas, 314 grand multiparas, and 2195 multiparas who were delivered of their infants between 1988 and 1998 were selected for the study. To facilitate comparison, the patients were all >35 years old and had similar socioeconomic characteristics.. The incidence of malpresentation at the time of delivery, maternal obesity, anemia, preterm delivery, and meconium-stained amniotic fluid increased with higher parity, whereas the rate of excessive weight gain and cesarean delivery decreased. Compared with grand multiparas, great-grand multiparas had significantly elevated risks for abnormal amounts of amniotic fluid, abruptio placentae, neonatal tachypnea, and malformations but lower rates of placenta previa (P <.05). The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, placenta previa, macrosomia, postdate pregnancy, and low Apgar scores was significantly higher in grand multiparas than in multiparas, whereas the proportion of induction, forceps delivery, and total labor complications was significantly lower than in the multiparous group (P <.05). Similar frequency of maternal diabetes, infection, uterine wall scar rupture, variations in fetal heart rate, fetal death, and neonatal mortality was found in the 3 groups.. Both high-parity groups have their own risk factors, but the rate of some complications decreases with higher parity. In addition, perinatal mortality remains low in these patients, and therefore, under satisfactory socioeconomic and health care conditions, high parity should not be considered dangerous.

Topics: Adult; Anemia; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Labor Presentation; Meconium; Obesity; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Parity; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Weight Gain