morphine and Streptococcal-Infections

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection is the leading cause of septicemia, meningitis, and pneumonia in neonates. Aberrant gut colonization in early life may predispose children to various diseases in adulthood. However, the associations between gut microbial changes and GBS colonization is still unclear.. The composition and diversity of meconium microbiota in GBS group were similar to that of healthy controls. However, we identified several specific taxa that were differentially abundant between the two groups (linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe): p < 0.05, LDA > 2.0). Particularly, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus paracasei was significantly reduced, indicating a role in GBS colonization.. Our study presented a series of bacterial species colonized by GBS, thus providing novel evidence in support of initial intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in the neonates with mother's GBS colonization.

Topics: Biodiversity; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Meconium; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus

Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the risk of infection to a mother and neonate, but antibiotic-mediated maternal and neonatal microbiota dysbiosis increases other health risks to newborn infants. We studied the impact of perinatal antibiotic prophylaxis on the microbiota in mothers and newborns with full-term or preterm delivery. Ninety-eight pregnant women and their neonates were divided into the following four groups: full term without antibiotic exposure (FT), full term with antibiotic exposure (FTA), preterm without antibiotic exposure (PT), and preterm with antibiotic exposure (PTA). Bacterial composition was analyzed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene from maternal vaginal swabs (V) and neonatal meconium (F). The results showed that in maternal vaginal and neonatal meconium microbiota, FT and PT groups had a higher load of

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Dysbiosis; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant Health; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Exposure; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Meconium; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Risk Factors; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sepsis; Streptococcal Infections; Vagina; Young Adult

To investigate the determinants of Group B streptococcus (GBS) maternal colonization, as well as factors associated with its vertical transmission.. Case-control study on all singletons pregnancies delivered beyond at least 24 weeks of amenorrhoea in Southern Reunion maternities for which GBS screening was known. Multiple logistic regression analysis using 2004-2007 dataset of South Reunion birth registers.. Out of 17,430 women delivered between 1st January 2004 and 31st December 2007, 2911 (16.7%) carried GBS. In a model adjusted on antenatal care, risk groups for GBS carriage were the women indigenous from another island of the Indian Ocean than Reunion (OR: 1.29, CI95%: 1.05-1.57) and obese women (body mass index ≥ 30, OR: 1.19, CI95%: 1.03-1.18). Protective factors included birthplace in mainland France (OR: 0.82, CI95%: 0.69-0.97) and underweight (OR: 0.81; CI95%: 0.69-0. 95). In a model controlling for a composite obstetrical variable delineating the protective roles of C-section and antibioprophylaxis as well as the putative role of meconium-stained fluids (thin, thick or fetid), all previously found in our setting, three key factors were independently associated with GBS vertical mother-to-child transmission: obesity (OR: 1.48, CI95%: 1.05-2.09), fetal tachycardia (OR: 4.92, CI95%: 2.79-8.68) and late preterm birth (35 to 36 wks, OR: 2.14, CI95%: 1.32-3.45).. These findings strengthen the putative roles of corpulence and ethnicity in GBS acquisition previously found in the United States, while confirming an authentic role of obesity in its vertical transmission, independently of other classical cofactors lighted by our study.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Case-Control Studies; Female; Fetal Diseases; France; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Meconium; Obesity; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Premature Birth; Prenatal Care; Retrospective Studies; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus agalactiae; Tachycardia; Young Adult

To explore risk factors for group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization during pregnancy and at delivery, estimate the predictive value of early GBS colonization for colonization at delivery and in the newborn, and explore the relationship to adverse perinatal factors.. Cohort study of pregnant women from three communities in Zimbabwe.. Information collected by questionnaire at inclusion and from delivery records. Vaginal and rectal swabs collected for GBS culture at 20 and 26 weeks gestation, at delivery and from the newborn infant.. GBS colonization in pregnancy, colonization of mother and newborn, and perinatal factors.. GBS culture results were obtained at one or more occasion for 780 (75.2%) of 1,037 women recruited. Altogether, 470/780 women (60.3%) tested positive for GBS, with colonization rates at 20, 26 weeks and delivery of 47%, 24.2% and 21%, respectively. Positive GBS culture at 20 and 26 weeks gestation had a low positive predictive value on colonization at delivery and in the newborn. Women living in rural areas were significantly more often colonized than those who lived in urban areas (p < 0.001). Other socio-economic, demographic and obstetric factors were not statistically associated with GBS colonization. GBS transmission was not statistically significantly associated with adverse perinatal outcomes.. GBS colonization was common among pregnant women in Zimbabwe. Dwelling in a rural area was significantly associated with GBS colonization while other risk factors were not. Early GBS colonization had a low predictive value for colonization at delivery and colonization was not associated with adverse perinatal outcome.

Topics: Birth Weight; Cohort Studies; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Meconium; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Risk Factors; Rural Population; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus agalactiae; Urban Population; Zimbabwe

Different biological matrices are suitable for drug testing in newborns presenting with an acute withdrawal syndrome.. The newborn of a mother reporting alprazolam use during pregnancy presented with respiratory distress and clinical features consistent with neonatal withdrawal syndrome or neonatal sepsis of vertical transmission. Alprazolam and its main metabolite (alpha-hydroxyalprazolam) were detected in cord serum, neonatal urine and also in neonatal hair, meconium and placenta, accounting for both acute and chronic exposure to this benzodiazepine during intrauterine life. At the same time, the clinical diagnosis of neonatal sepsis was confirmed by isolation of Streptococcus agalactiae from otic cultures. The infant received oxygen therapy and antibiotic treatment and recovered completely at the age of 11 days. Although no congenital anomalies or behavioral alterations were diagnosed during hospitalization, periodic follow-ups were requested to check for potential long-term effects of prenatal exposure to alprazolam.

Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Fetal Blood; Hair; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Maternal Exposure; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Meconium; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Placenta; Pregnancy; Sepsis; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus agalactiae; Substance Abuse Detection; Treatment Outcome; Urine

The results of a 20-year microbiological monitoring of full-term newborns with infectious inflammatory diseases hospitalized from maternity homes of Moscow are presented. The incidence of candidiasis within that period was shown to increase 7 times at the account of the events of cutaneous and mucocutaneous candidiasis, gastrointestinal candidiasis and candidiasis of the central nervous system. One of the sources of the endogenic contamination of the newborns and infants was their intestinal microflora. In 4.6 per cent of the patients the meconium contamination by Candida was stated during the first days after the birth.

Topics: Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Mucosa; Longitudinal Studies; Meconium; Moscow; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections

A retrospective study was carried out on 72 liveborn babies in whom perinatal infection was suspected. Twenty-nine of the 72 neonates were effectively infected. Analysis of intrapartum FHR recordings showed that tachycardia (base line FHR above 160 beats/min) during labor, occurred more often among infected babies (P less than 0.001). When fetal tachycardia is associated with meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF), the relative risk of fetal infection is 51 times as great as in babies without MSAF. Fetal tachycardia is not related to maternal fever nor to prematurity. It is not a sign of limited placental or amniotic fluid infection, but implies infection of the fetus itself. Since most infected babies displayed infectious diarrhea immediately at birth, it is suggested that MSAF may eventually be due to antenatal intestinal infection and intrauterine emission of infected stools. Although great caution is advocated for the management of labor in the presence of fetal tachycardia, MSAF should not be always regarded as a sign of acute fetal distress when antenatal infection of the fetus is suspected.

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Female; Fetal Diseases; Fetal Monitoring; Heart Rate; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Meconium; Pregnancy; Prenatal Diagnosis; Retrospective Studies; Streptococcal Infections; Tachycardia

Topics: Carrier State; Female; Fetus; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Meconium; Pharynx; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Streptococcal Infections; Umbilical Cord