morphine and Respiratory-Sounds

Some cohort studies have suggested that gut microbiota composition is associated with allergic diseases in children. The microbiota of the first-pass meconium, which forms before birth, represents the first gut microbiota that is easily available for research and little is known about any relationship with allergic disease development.. We investigated whether the bacterial composition of the first-pass meconium is associated with the development of allergic diseases before 4 years of age.. Prospective birth cohort study. Bacterial composition of first-pass meconium was analysed using bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Atopic and allergic diseases were evaluated via online survey or telephone to age 4 years, based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire.. During a 6-week period in 2014, 312 children were born at the Central Finland Central Hospital. Meconium was collected from 212 at a mean of 8-hour age. Outcome data at 4 years were available for 177 (83%) children, and 159 of these had sufficient amplification of bacterial DNA in meconium. Meconium microbiota composition, including diversity indices and relative abundances of the main phyla and genera, was not associated with subsequent atopic eczema, wheezing or cow's milk allergy. Principal components analysis did not identify any clustering of the meconium microbiomes of children with respect to wheezing or cow's milk allergy.. We found no evidence that gut microbiota composition of first-pass meconium is associated with atopic manifestations to age 4 years. However, larger studies are needed to fully exclude a relationship.

Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Cattle; Cohort Studies; Dermatitis, Atopic; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Meconium; Microbiota; Milk Hypersensitivity; Prospective Studies; Respiratory Sounds; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

We aimed to evaluate the association between meconium-stained amniotic fluid during labor and offspring's childhood wheezing. This study analyzed the data of participants enrolled in the Japan Environment and Children's Study, a nationwide prospective birth cohort study, between 2011 and 2014. Data of women with singleton live births between 22 and 40 weeks' gestation were analyzed. Participants were categorized into two groups according to the presence or absence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid. The primary outcome measure was the offspring's childhood wheezing up to 3 years of age. A logistic regression model was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio for childhood wheezing in children of women with meconium-stained amniotic fluid, considering those without meconium-stained amniotic fluid as a reference, taking into account the potential confounding factors affecting the incidence of wheezing. We analyzed data from 61,991 participants: 1796 (2.9%) participants had meconium-stained amniotic fluid during labor and 18,919 (30.5%) of the offspring had childhood wheezing. The adjusted odds ratios for the offspring's childhood wheezing were 0.89 (95% confidence interval, 0.79-0.99) in total participants, 0.87 (95% confidence interval, 0.78-0.97) in term births, and 2.00 (95% confidence interval, 0.98-4.09) in preterm births.. This study revealed a decreased incidence of childhood wheezing among the children of women with meconium-stained amniotic fluid in term births. By yet unknown mechanisms, meconium-stained amniotic fluid was associated with a decreased incidence of childhood wheezing in the offspring. Further studies are required to clarify the mechanism of one's own meconium in affecting their health condition.. • Meconium-stained amniotic fluid during labor is associated with several adverse perinatal outcomes, and meconium aspiration syndrome is associated with offspring's childhood asthma and wheezing. • Meconium-stained amniotic fluid during labor could be an independent protective factor for the offspring's dermatitis and skin rash.. • Whole cases with meconium-stained amniotic fluid during labor were associated with a decreased incidence of offspring's childhood wheezing up to 3 years of age. • This study may shed light on the effects of simple meconium-stained amniotic fluid on offspring's childhood health.

Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Child; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Japan; Meconium; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prospective Studies; Protective Factors; Respiratory Sounds

To identify the optimal measure of active and passive prenatal tobacco exposure to predict wheeze in early life.. We conducted a birth cohort study of 398 mother-infant dyads enrolled during the second trimester of pregnancy and followed through age 2 years. We measured tobacco exposure with maternal report, serum cotinine level, and meconium cotinine level. We assessed wheeze with parent report every 6 months. We used a repeated measures logistic regression model.. Of 367 children with respiratory data, 26% percent had parent reported active or passive prenatal maternal tobacco exposure, but cotinine was detected in 61% of mothers during pregnancy. Compared with children of mothers in the fifth percentile of tobacco exposure, children of mothers in the 95th percentile had increased odds of wheeze when exposure was measured with maternal serum cotinine level (adjusted OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3-5.2; P < .006) versus meconium cotinine level (adjusted OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.0-4.0; P = .04) and total parent-reported exposure (adjusted OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.7; P = .01).. Serum cotinine, a biomarker of tobacco exposure, was more strongly associated with wheeze than parent-reported exposure. Studies that rely on parent report of prenatal tobacco exposure may underestimate risk of wheeze.

Topics: Biomarkers; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Cotinine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Multivariate Analysis; Parents; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Respiratory Sounds; Self Report; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution