morphine and Overweight

Several reports have revealed that the first-pass meconium hosts a diverse microbiome, but its clinical significance is not known.. We designed a prospective population-based cohort study to evaluate whether the meconium microbiome predicts subsequent growth in children.. The study comprised 212 consecutive newborns with a meconium sample and a follow-up sample at 1 year of age. Trained nurses measured the children for weight and length using standardized techniques. We used next-generation sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene and machine-learning approach for the analysis.. The children with overweight at 3 years of age differed in their meconium microbiome from those with normal weight, having a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes phylum (29% vs 15%, P = .013). Using the machine-learning approach, the gut microbiome at birth predicted subsequent overweight with area under the curve 0.70 (SD 0.04). A lower proportion of Staphylococcus at birth was associated with greater length/height at 1 year (ß = -.68, P = .029) and 2 years of age (β = -.74, P = .030).. The microbiome of the first-pass meconium predicted subsequent overweight at the age of 3 years. The association between the gut microbiome and overweight appears to start already during pregnancy and at birth.

Topics: Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Overweight; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Obesity is critically important to maternal and fetal health during the perinatal period. We have detected an increasing prevalence of maternal obesity in recent years and investigated its complications during pregnancy.. A total of 931 pregnant females were investigated between March 2012 and March 2013. The patients were divided into four groups: body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m(2) was underweight, 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2) was normal weight, 25-29.9 kg/m(2) was overweight and ≥30 kg/m(2) was obese. The effects of obesity on fetal and maternal outcomes were investigated.. Significant increases in pregnancy-induced hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, cesarean delivery, premature rupture of membranes, shoulder dystocia, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, abnormal heart rate pattern and postpartum infection rates were found in the obese group during the perinatal period. Adverse maternal effects in obese cases were significantly more frequent than those in normal-weight cases. Preterm birth, perinatal mortality, low APGAR scores, newborn intensive care unit requirement, hypoglycemia and macrosomia rates were significantly higher in obese cases than those in non-obese cases. However, low birth weight infant rate was higher in the low BMI cases than that in the other BMI categories (p < 0.01).. We conclude that obesity is an important factor associated with pregnancy complications and the increase in maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality.

Topics: Adult; Apgar Score; Body Mass Index; Cesarean Section; Diabetes, Gestational; Dystocia; Female; Fetal Macrosomia; Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Hypoglycemia; Infant, Newborn; Intensive Care, Neonatal; Meconium; Obesity; Overweight; Perinatal Mortality; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Premature Birth; Puerperal Infection; Shoulder