morphine and Meningitis

Azlocillin, an acylureido penicillin with bactericidal activity, is particularly effective against Pseudomonas, enterococci and Haemophilus influenzae. It is also very active against E. coli, various Proteus species and Bacteroides. Pharmacokinetic studies were carried out in 138 children of various ages (prematures, newborns, infants, schoolchildren) after administering 50-75-100 mg/kg/ body weight azlocillin via the i.v. or i.m. routes; The constant of elimination and the distribution volumes were calculated besides the serum levels. In prematures and newborns, therapeutically effective serum levels were obtained on administering 50 or 100 mg/kg body weight twice daily. Infants and older children required 100 or 75 mg/kg body weight t.i.d. Determination of azlocillin in the bronchial secretion after i.v. doses of 75 mg/kg body weight showed good elimination. Azlocillin was always identified up to the 5th hour post injectionem. Inspite of parenteral administration, azlocillin was identified in different concentrations in the meconium as well. 39 children were treated with azlocillin, 35 of whom had Pseudomonas infection. Very good results were obtained in infections of the urinary tract, wound infections, conjunctivitis, dacryocystitis and in one case of meningitis. Bronchopulmonary diseases did not take an equally good course, but in these cases the conditions had not been favourable. No serious side effects were revealed by testing several laboratory parameters.

Topics: Azlocillin; Child; Child, Preschool; Conjunctivitis; Dacryocystitis; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kinetics; Meconium; Meningitis; Penicillins; Pseudomonas Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Surgical Wound Infection; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Brain Diseases; Candidiasis; Cerebral Aqueduct; Diseases in Twins; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Meconium; Meningitis; Parenteral Nutrition; Peritonitis

The intracranial pressure was monitored via the anterior fontanel, using a noninvasive technique, in 78 acutely ill, 39 normal term, and 6 normal preterm infants. In normal term and preterm infants the anterior fontanel pressure (AFP) was 10.2 +/- 0.4 and 9.5 +/- 0.8 cm H2O, respectively. Infants with hyaline membrane disease had elevated pressure (13.3 +/- 0.6 cm H2O), which was higher than that of normal preterm infants. Following an episode of intracranial hemorrhage in four infants, the AFP increased to 26.2 +/- 2.5 cm H2O. Elevated pressure was noted in infants with meconium aspiration syndrome (24.1 +/- 1.8 cm H2O); the pressure decreased during the phase of recovery (15.6 +/- 3.5 cm H2O). Elevated pressure was noted in infants with meningitis and hydrocephalus. Repeated measurements helped to diagnose shunt obstruction in an infant with hydrocephalus.

Topics: Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; Humans; Hyaline Membrane Disease; Hydrocephalus; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Inhalation; Intracranial Pressure; Meconium; Meningitis; Monitoring, Physiologic; Syndrome

Topics: Amphotericin B; Arthritis; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Joint Diseases; Meconium; Meningitis; Periostitis; Radiography

Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Inhalation; Meconium; Meningitis; Occlusive Dressings; Polyvinyls; Preoperative Care; Sepsis; Spinal Dysraphism; Surgical Wound Infection