morphine and Growth-Disorders

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Appetite; Child; Child, Preschool; Cystic Fibrosis; Diabetes Complications; Female; Growth Disorders; Humans; Hypertension, Portal; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Obstruction; Intussusception; Lactose Intolerance; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Meconium; Pancreas; Pancreatitis; Rectal Prolapse

Topics: Biological Transport; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Child; Chlorides; Cough; Cystic Fibrosis; Digestive System; Female; Genes; Glycoproteins; Growth Disorders; Humans; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Meconium; Potassium; Pregnancy; Research; Sodium; Sweat

Topics: Animals; Bilirubin; Enzyme Induction; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; Food; Growth Disorders; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Light; Lighting; Liver; Liver Circulation; Meconium; Phenobarbital; Photolysis; Phototherapy; Rats; Retina; Sunlight; Time Factors

Cannabis is the most frequently used illicit drug among pregnant women, but data describing the effects of prenatal cannabis exposure and concurrent nicotine and cannabis exposures on neonatal growth are inconsistent. Testing of meconium, the first neonatal feces, offers objective evidence of prenatal cannabis exposure, but the relative ability of meconium testing and maternal self-report to identify affected neonates remains unclear.. Eighty-six pregnant women provided detailed self-reports of daily cannabis and tobacco consumption throughout pregnancy. Cannabinoids and tobacco biomarkers were identified in oral fluid samples collected each trimester and quantified in meconium at birth.. Cannabis-using women were significantly more likely to also consume tobacco, and smoked similar numbers of cigarettes as non-cannabis-using tobacco smokers. As pregnancy progressed, fewer women smoked cannabis and those who continued to use cannabis reported smoking a smaller number of cannabis joints, but positive maternal oral fluid tests cast doubt on the veracity of some maternal self-reports. More neonates were identified as cannabis exposed by maternal self-report than meconium analysis, because many women quit cannabis use after the first or second trimester; meconium was more likely to be positive if cannabis use continued into the third trimester. Cannabis exposure was associated with decreased birth weight, reduced length, and smaller head circumference, even after data were controlled for tobacco coexposure.. Prenatal cannabis exposure was associated with fetal growth reduction. Meconium testing primarily identifies prenatal cannabis exposure occurring in the third trimester of gestation.

Topics: Biomarkers; Cannabinoids; Female; Growth Disorders; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Marijuana Abuse; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Meconium; Pregnancy; Smoking

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Cystic Fibrosis; Female; Growth Disorders; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Obstruction; Male; Meconium; Pancreatic Diseases; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sweating

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Cystic Fibrosis; Growth Disorders; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Meconium

We have just begun our study of fetal growth retardation. Prenatal influences upon fetal growth are poorly understood and little studied. One may list multiple etiologies, catalogue numerous physiologic processes, and still not know in any given child what went wrong. The questions far exceed our preliminary answers. How does maternal undernutrition significantly effect the fetal "parasite?" Is the syndrome of intrauterine growth retardation a manifestation of a host versus graft phenomenon, with "runting" in the offspring? Are deficits in cell number and size unalterable? Can these deficits be overcome with good postnatal care? How can we better detect the fetus who is undergoing deprivation in utero? What altered biochemical processes exist? Can we reverse such abnormal influences in utero and prevent their consequences to the fetus? Certainly there are numerous additional areas for investigation and thought.

Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Estriol; Female; Fetal Diseases; Gestational Age; Growth Disorders; Humans; Meconium; Nutrition Disorders; Pregnancy

Topics: Edema; Electrophoresis; Female; Fetofetal Transfusion; Gestational Age; Growth Disorders; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Pregnancy; Transferrin; Trypsin