morphine and Fetal-Growth-Retardation

Intrapartum asphyxia is increased in several situations such as intrauterine growth retardation, preterm labor, postdate pregnancy or maternal diabetes. In all these cases, fetal heart rate monitoring should be preferred to intermittent auscultation. Fetal scalp blood pH or lactates can be used to identify fetuses at risk of intrapartum asphyxia. However, fetal scalp blood sampling should not delay delivery in case of severe abnormal fetal heart rate as fetal asphyxia could occur rapidly in theses high-risk pregnancies. Data is insufficient to recommend fetal pulse oximetry or ECG analysis. Research should be undertaken to evaluate their performance in these situations.

Topics: Diseases in Twins; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fetal Hypoxia; Fetal Monitoring; Heart Rate, Fetal; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant, Newborn; Labor, Obstetric; Lactates; Meconium; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Diabetics; Pregnancy, High-Risk; Pregnancy, Prolonged; Scalp

Topics: Asphyxia Neonatorum; Blood Viscosity; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypocalcemia; Hypoglycemia; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Meconium; Patient Care Team; Pneumonia, Aspiration; Pregnancy; Prognosis

To quantify the incidence of intrapartum risk factors in labours with an adverse outcome, and compare them with the incidence of the same indicators in a series of consecutive labours without adverse outcome.. Case-control study.. Twenty-six maternity units in the UK.. Sixty-nine labours with an adverse outcome and 198 labours without adverse outcome.. Observational study.. Incidence of risk factors in hourly assessments for 7 hours before birth in the two groups.. A risk score combining suspected fetal growth restriction, tachysystole, meconium in the amniotic fluid and fetal heart rate abnormalities (baseline rate and variability, presence of decelerations) gave the best indication of likely outcome group.. Accurate risk assessment in labour requires fetal heart rate abnormalities to be considered in context with additional intrapartum risk factors.

Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Case-Control Studies; Female; Fetal Distress; Fetal Growth Retardation; Heart Rate, Fetal; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Meconium; Pregnancy

This study aimed to assess the relationship between the foetal superior mesenteric artery (SMA) Doppler and the time to first meconium passage (FMP) in foetuses with late-onset foetal growth restriction. This single-centre, prospective, observational, cohort study included 57 patients with late-onset FGR. The newborn infants were divided into two groups: preterm (36.8%) and term (63.2%). The time to FMP of the infants was compared to the foetal SMA parameters obtained within a week before delivery. The median time to FMP was similar between two groups (

Topics: Cohort Studies; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Meconium; Mesenteric Artery, Superior; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Ultrasonography, Doppler; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

The present study aimed to determine the effect of perceived stress during pregnancy on neonatal outcomes and cortisol and leptin levels in mothers and their newborns.. This longitudinal study was carried out on 110 pregnant women in Miandoab city, Iran. Mothers, who had singleton pregnancies and gestational age of 24 to 28 weeks, were included in the study. The participants were asked to fill out Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The mothers were then tracked in gestational ages of 28-32 weeks, 32-36 weeks, and the time of delivery. The maternal and umbilical cord blood samples were obtained during labor in order to measure leptin and cortisol levels.. Umbilical cortisol level was significantly higher in newborns who had meconium stained amniotic fluid than those who did not. Maternal blood leptin levels at delivery were significantly higher in the mothers whose neonates had respiratory distress, low birth weight, low head circumference, low Apgar score, and were premature than those whose neonates did not have such problems. The level of leptin in umbilical cord blood was significantly higher in neonates who had respiratory distress than those who did not. The results also showed a significant correlation between maternal cortisol levels and PSS during weeks 24-28 and the entire pregnancy. A significant relationship was observed between umbilical leptin and maternal leptin levels.. It can be concluded that stress during pregnancy is accompanied by fetal distress. The probable reason for newborns distress may be related to increased maternal leptin levels.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amniotic Fluid; Apgar Score; Body Height; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetal Growth Retardation; Head; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Leptin; Male; Meconium; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Premature Birth; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; Stress, Psychological; Young Adult

To estimate the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) in cord blood plasma of newborns born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and also to find out the correlation between their levels with birth weight and gestation, we measured the cord blood plasma levels of MDA and 8-OH-dG in 59 newborns born through MSAF and 50 newborns born through clear liquor. The levels of cord blood plasma MDA and 8-OH-dG were significantly higher in full-term and late-preterm newborns born through MSAF. On further comparison, it was found that both full-term and late-preterm intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) neonates had higher levels of these markers as compared to babies born as appropriate for gestational age (AGA) through MSAF. Plasma levels of MDA and 8-OH-dG were significantly correlated with birth weight even after controlling the relationship with gestational age for all cases as well as all full-term cases. These markers are also significantly correlated to each other.. The present study suggest that the neonates born through MSAF experience higher degrees of oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased levels of cord blood plasma MDA and 8-OH-dG. What is known: • Aspirated meconium has been found to induce free radical generation and cellular damage in animal studies. • Its role in free radical generation and oxidative damage in human neonates is scarce. What is new: • Neonates born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid experience significant oxidative stress.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Amniotic Fluid; Biomarkers; Birth Weight; Chi-Square Distribution; Cross-Sectional Studies; Delivery, Obstetric; Deoxyguanosine; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetal Growth Retardation; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Malondialdehyde; Meconium; Oxidative Stress; Pregnancy

As the patterns and frequency of maternal and clinical conditions and outcomes and gross and histological placental features and lesions vary with gestational age at delivery, we aimed to study the impact of these changes on the placental diagnosis, hoping to uncover potential novel clusters of gestational age-associated clinical and pathological diagnoses.. Retrospective statistical analysis of clinicoplacental database.. We analyzed 28 clinical (maternal and fetal) and 49 gross and microscopic placental variables from 3294 consecutively signed placentas received between 2001 and 2012, divided into three gestational age groups: 16-27 weeks, 697 cases; 28-36 weeks, 1365 cases; and 37+ weeks, in all 1232 cases.. Classical statistics by chi-squared and Fischer's tests, and the Ward agglomerative hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling techniques, were used.. The placental phenotypes clustered statistically significantly with severe preeclampsia in the second trimester; preterm premature rupture of membranes, placental abruption, and fetal growth restriction in the whole third trimester; and abnormally invasive placenta, thick meconium, maternal diabetes mellitus, and substance abuse in term pregnancies.. The applied statistical analyses made it possible to simultaneously compare the strength of clinicoplacental associations separately in three pregnancy intervals. Placental clinicopathological associations are strongest for the second trimester, i.e. severe preeclampsia and preterm ascending infection-related conditions, but were not significant for other pregnancy complications such as mild preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or umbilical cord compromise.

Topics: Abruptio Placentae; Adult; Cluster Analysis; Databases, Factual; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture; Gestational Age; Humans; Meconium; Phenotype; Placenta; Placenta Diseases; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy in Diabetics; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Retrospective Studies; Substance-Related Disorders

Prenatal ultrasound (US) diagnosis of fetal intra-abdominal calcification (iAC) is frequently caused by an in utero perforation causing meconium peritonitis. Our ability to predict which fetuses will require postnatal surgery is limited. The aim of our study is to correlate iAC and associated US findings with postnatal outcome.. A single centre retrospective review of all cases of fetal iAC diagnosed between 2004 and 2010 was performed. Maternal demographics, fetal US findings, and outcomes (need for surgery and mortality) were collected. Descriptive and comparative statistical analyses were performed.. Twenty-three cases of iAC were identified. There were no cases of fetal demise or postnatal deaths. Three liveborns (13%) required abdominal surgery at a median of 2 days (0-3) for intestinal atresia. US findings of iAC and dilated bowel with (p=0.008) or without (p=0.005) polyhydramnios predicted a need for postnatal surgery as did the combination of iAC, polyhydramnios, and ascites (p=0.008). Conversely, iAC alone or associated with oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, ascites, or growth restriction did not predict need for postnatal surgery.. The majority of fetuses with iAC on prenatal US do not require surgery. Associated US findings (bowel dilation) can be used to select fetuses for delivery in neonatal surgical centres.

Topics: Abdomen; Ascites; Calcinosis; Delivery Rooms; Delivery, Obstetric; Dilatation, Pathologic; Early Diagnosis; Female; Fetal Diseases; Fetal Growth Retardation; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Intestinal Atresia; Intestinal Perforation; Male; Meconium; Oligohydramnios; Operating Rooms; Patient Selection; Peritonitis; Polyhydramnios; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

The study was designed to investigate obstetric risk factors and pregnancy outcome of patients with pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP).. A population-based study comparing all pregnancies of women with and without PUPPP was conducted. Deliveries occurred during the years 1988-2002 at the Soroka University Medical Center. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed in order to find independent risk factors associated with PUPPP.. During a 15-year period, 159 197 deliveries took place. PUPPP complicated 42 (0.03%) of all pregnancies. Using a multivariable analysis, the following conditions were significantly associated with PUPPP: multiple pregnancies (odds ratio (OR) = 4.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7-14.1), hypertensive disorders (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.1-4.7), and induction of labor (OR = 7.6, 95% CI 4.0-14.5). Higher rates of 5-minute Apgar scores lower than 7 (OR = 8.0, 95% CI 4.4-14.9) and of cesarean deliveries (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.5-5.6) were noted in the PUPPP as compared to the comparison group. While investigating other perinatal outcome parameters such as oligohydramnios, intrauterine growth restriction, meconium-stained amniotic fluid and perinatal mortality, no significant differences were observed between the groups.. Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy is a condition significantly associated with multiple pregnancies, hypertensive disorders, and induction of labor. Perinatal outcome is comparable to pregnancies without PUPPP.

Topics: Adult; Apgar Score; Cesarean Section; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Humans; Hypertension; Infant, Newborn; Logistic Models; Meconium; Obesity; Odds Ratio; Oligohydramnios; Parity; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Pruritus; Risk Factors; Urticaria

(1) To determine the nature and extent of placental pathologic findings; (2) to associate placental pathologic findings with clinical indicators of infection; (3) to evaluate placental pathology in the context of the guidelines outlined by the College of American Pathologists (CAP).. A retrospective cohort study, through review of maternal and neonatal charts and placental pathology, of 100 sequential pregnancies in which placentas were submitted to pathology. Data were examined using descriptive statistics, and proportional differences were compared using the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test.. Overall, 75% of placentas submitted for pathology review had pathologic abnormalities. Fifty percent had findings consistent with inflammation, 38% had findings consistent with vascular abnormalities, and 18% had findings consistent with meconium. Fetal clinical indicators of infection were associated with placental findings of chorioamnionitis (p < or = 0.01), while maternal clinical indicators were not. Similarly, fetal clinical indicators were associated with placental findings of fetal inflammation (p < or = 0.025), whereas maternal indicators were not associated with placental findings of maternal inflammation. A diagnosis of chorioamnionitis in labour by the attending physician was associated with pathologic findings (p < or = 0.05). A CAP indication was found in 75% of the placentas. There was no difference in incidence of placental pathology between those placentas submitted with and without a CAP indication.. Placental findings of inflammation or infection were associated with fetal clinical indicators of infection, but not with maternal indicators. Placental pathology is very useful in identifying undiagnosed maternal infection or inflammation.

Topics: Adult; Chorioamnionitis; Cohort Studies; Congenital Abnormalities; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Inflammation; Meconium; Obstetric Labor Complications; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Placenta; Placenta Diseases; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy, Multiple; Retrospective Studies

The objective was to evaluate the incidence of gastrointestinal abnormalities amongst those fetuses with antenatally diagnosed echogenic bowel (EB).. A retrospective review of all cases delivered from April 2002 to March 2003 with antenatally diagnosed EB was conducted. This was defined as bowel that appeared as echogenic as (if not greater than) the iliac bone on a real-time image. The postnatal outcomes with regard to gastrointestinal abnormalities, till their discharge, were noted.. Of the 13,941 patients delivered, there were 70 cases with antenatally diagnosed EB, giving an incidence of 70/13,941 or 0.50%. Of these, 6 defaulted follow-up and 1 had a mid-trimester termination of pregnancy at 21 weeks' gestation for social reasons. Of the remaining 63 cases with EB, 2 were stillbirths at 31 weeks and 35 weeks of gestation, respectively. Three fetuses (3/63 or 4.76%) were diagnosed with gastrointestinal abnormalities. Meconium plug syndrome was diagnosed postnatally in 2 cases, of which, 1 resolved with conservative management while the other required an emergency laparotomy. Intestinal atresia was diagnosed in the postmortem of one of the stillbirths. There was evidence of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in both the stillbirth and the fetus that had required laparotomy. None of the 3 fetuses exhibited clinical features of aneuploidy.. As the quoted background risk for gastrointestinal pathology is 0.23%, an increased incidence (4.76%) is observed in those fetuses found to have antenatal EB. It is possible that the presence of IUGR is associated with a worse prognosis. Further prospective studies are needed to verify this association.

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Adult; Female; Fetal Diseases; Fetal Growth Retardation; Humans; Incidence; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Obstruction; Intestines; Maternal Age; Meconium; Parity; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy, High-Risk; Prenatal Care; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Singapore; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

We present 4 cases of fetal intestinal obstruction and their ultrasonographical findings. With regard to the reported cases we discuss the diagnostic and differential-diagnostic considerations of this rare but not uncommon fetal malformation.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Down Syndrome; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Atresia; Intestinal Obstruction; Male; Meconium; Pregnancy; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Our objective was to evaluate individualized growth assessment using the Rossavik growth model for detection of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants with a poor perinatal outcome.. Rossavik growth models derived from second-trimester ultrasound measurements were used to predict birth characteristics of 47 singleton SGA infants. Individual fetal growth curve standards for head and abdominal circumference, and weight were determined from the data of two scans obtained before 25 weeks' menstrual age and separated by an interval of at least 5 weeks. Comparisons between actual and predicted birth characteristics were expressed by the Growth Potential Realization Index (GPRI) and Neonatal Growth Assessment Score (NGAS). The proportions of perinatal outcomes [mechanical delivery, low Apgar score, abnormal fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns, neonatal acidosis, meconium staining of amniotic fluid, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and maternal complications] were compared between SGA infants with normal NGAS and those with abnormal NGAS.. Of the 47 fetuses studied, 27 had normal growth outcomes at birth and 20 showed evidence of intrauterine growth restriction, based on NGAS. There were significant increases in mechanical deliveries, abnormal FHR patterns and meconium staining of amniotic fluid in cases of growth-restricted neonates, determined using the NGAS classification, when compared with events related to normally grown infants. However, there were no significant differences in low Apgar score, neonatal acidosis, NICU admission and maternal complications between the 2 groups.. Individualized growth assessment should be useful for detection of SGA infants with poor perinatal outcomes.

Topics: Abdomen; Acidosis; Apgar Score; Body Weight; Cephalometry; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Gestational Age; Heart Rate, Fetal; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Small for Gestational Age; Intensive Care, Neonatal; Meconium; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Our purpose was to determine whether a borderline amniotic fluid index observed during antepartum testing confers a significant risk of adverse perinatal outcome.. We conducted a retrospective review of all patients entering antepartum testing at Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Women's and Children's Hospital during a 4-month period beginning January 1, 1996. Women with singleton pregnancies who underwent antepartum testing within 1 week of delivery and who were delivered at our institution were identified for our study. An amniotic fluid index >5 and <10 cm was defined as "borderline" and an amniotic fluid index of 10 to 24 cm was considered normal. Markers of adverse perinatal outcome included intrapartum fetal distress, 5-minute Apgar score <7, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and intrauterine growth restriction.. There was a 2-fold increase in the incidence of adverse perinatal outcome among the women with borderline amniotic fluid index in comparison with control subjects with normal amniotic fluid volume. This difference reflected a 4-fold increase in the incidence of fetal growth restriction among women with a borderline amniotic fluid index.. A borderline amniotic fluid index observed in antepartum testing is associated with an increased risk of intrauterine growth restriction and overall adverse perinatal outcome. These observations suggest that borderline amniotic fluid index merits twice-weekly antepartum testing.

Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Female; Fetal Distress; Fetal Growth Retardation; Gestational Age; Heart Rate, Fetal; Humans; Meconium; Oligohydramnios; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

To evaluate the perinatal morbidity and mortality of fetuses diagnosed with gastroschisis at our Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment Center.. A retrospective review of a regional prenatal diagnostic center. Twenty-nine cases of gastroschisis which were diagnosed, managed, delivered and had corrective surgeries through the Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment Center were identified from 1985 to 1994. Perinatal morbidity and mortality were reviewed. Antepartum testing schemes were reviewed when available to determine whether morbidity or mortality could have potentially been prevented.. Meconium occurrence, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and oligohydramnios complicated 79%, 41% and 36% of the cases, respectively. The perinatal mortality of this series was 241/1000. Significant differences in perinatal mortality were noted when fetal testing was incorporated (200/1000 vs. 286/1000, P < or = 0.001).. Gastroschisis is associated with a high incidence of IUGR, meconium, oligohydramnios and high perinatal mortality. Antenatal testing appears to significantly lower perinatal mortality in pregnancies complicated by gastroschisis.

Topics: Abdominal Muscles; alpha-Fetoproteins; Female; Fetal Death; Fetal Diseases; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fetal Monitoring; Humans; Meconium; Oligohydramnios; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies

The objectives of this study were to identify, by means of two third-trimester scans, fetuses with ultrasound evidence of inadequate growth but who were born with birth weights above the 10th centile for gestational age; and to determine if these infants constitute a high-risk group by comparing the incidence of obstetric intervention, of intrapartum complications and of neonatal morbidity between this group and the group of infants who showed no ultrasound evidence of intrauterine growth restraint. A total of 285 women with singleton pregnancies who were referred for a third-trimester ultrasound examination were included in this prospective study. Fetal weight was estimated by ultrasound twice in the third trimester and at each examination was assigned a centile score. A fall of > 20 centiles was taken as evidence of inadequate growth. The outcomes measured were the incidence of abnormal umbilical artery Doppler, induction of labor, meconiumstaining of the liquor, intrapartum fetal blood sampling, operative vaginal delivery, Cesarean section, Apgar score of < 7 at 5 min and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. Seventy-five patients showed a drop of > 20 centiles between the first and second scans. The incidence of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit was greater in those infants who had ultrasound evidence of growth restraint. We conclude that infants of normal birth weight with inadequate growth diagnosed on ultrasound are not at increased risk, they have an increased incidence of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, and they are more commonly found in mothers with diabetes mellitus.

Topics: Apgar Score; Birth Weight; Cesarean Section; Delivery, Obstetric; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetal Growth Retardation; Gestational Age; Humans; Incidence; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Intensive Care, Neonatal; Ireland; Labor, Induced; Meconium; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Diabetics; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Umbilical Arteries

Topics: Asphyxia Neonatorum; Congenital Abnormalities; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Glucose; Hematologic Diseases; Hemorrhage; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypothermia; Infant Care; Infant Food; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Small for Gestational Age; Lung Diseases; Meconium; Pregnancy; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; Terminology as Topic; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Apgar Score; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Meconium; Pneumonia, Aspiration; Pregnancy; Resuscitation

Serial human placental lactogen (hPL) determinations were performed on 806 women with normal and abnormal pregnancies late in the pregnancy. These results were not reported to the clinicians involved. For the study population as a whole, low hPL levels did not effectively predict those adverse perinatal outcome variables evaluated. Further analysis revealed that this was true both for the normal and abnormal pregnancy groups. Our data do not support the routine use of antepartum hPL screening, as advocated by others, as a means of improving perinatal outcome. In certain at-risk patients, there was an association between low hPL values and the presence of 1 or more of the adverse outcome variables. However, these patients had been recognized clinically as having fetuses in jeopardy.

Topics: Female; Fetal Death; Fetal Growth Retardation; Humans; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Meconium; Placental Lactogen; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prenatal Diagnosis; Risk

The value of the contraction stress test (CST), although well documented in late pregnancy, has been questioned earlier in gestation. We have evaluated the reliability of the CST in 102 patients tested before 33 weeks' gestation. Eighteen patients with a positive CST had a significantly higher incidence of abnormal urinary estriol excretion (60% of patients), low Apgar scores (44%), growth retardation (39%), and perinatal mortality (277/1000) than did 84 women without a positive CST. Two stillbirths and 3 neonatal deaths occurred in the positive CST group. None of the neonatal losses was due to unnecessary premature intervention. Four patients with a positive CST showed no signs of fetal compromise, a false positive rate of 22%. Delivery was safely delayed an average of 6.1 weeks in patients without a positive CST. These findings demonstrate the predictive value of the CST and support its clinical application early in the third trimester.

Topics: Apgar Score; Estriol; Female; Fetal Death; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fetus; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Meconium; Obstetric Labor Complications; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Prenatal Diagnosis; Retrospective Studies; Uterine Contraction

Topics: Asphyxia; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Blood Glucose; Blood Viscosity; Brain Diseases; Female; Fetal Diseases; Fetal Growth Retardation; Humans; Hypocalcemia; Hypoglycemia; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Inhalation; Kidney Diseases; Meconium; Polycythemia; Pregnancy; Prognosis; Syndrome