morphine and Calcinosis

The human placenta is known to calcify with advancing gestational age, and, in fact, the presence of significant calcifications is one of the components of grade III placenta, typical of late gestation. As such, the presence of significant placental calcifications often prompts obstetric providers to expedite delivery. This practice has been attributed, in part, to the presumed association between grade III placenta and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Such approach, however, can be the source of major anxiety and may lead to unnecessary induction of labor, with its associated predisposition to cesarean delivery as well as a myriad of maternal and neonatal morbidities. The objective of this study was to examine the association between grade III placental calcifications and pregnancy outcomes.. A systematic review of the literature was performed for studies evaluating the association between grade III placenta and a number of pregnancy outcomes, including labor induction, fetal distress (abnormal fetal heart tracing), low Apgar score (less than 7 at 5 min), need for neonatal resuscitation, admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, perinatal death, meconium liquor, and low birth weight.. There was a five-fold increase in risk of labor induction with the presence of grade III placenta (OR 5.41; 95% CI 2.98-9.82). There was no association between grade III placenta and the incidence of abnormal fetal heart tracing (OR 1.62; 95% CI 0.94-2.78), low Apgar score of less than 7 at 5 min (OR 1.68; 95% CI 0.84-3.36), need for neonatal resuscitation (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.67-1.75), and admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.21-3.74). In turn, the incidence of meconium liquor was higher in the setting of grade III placentae (OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.17-2.39). Similarly, a positive association between grade III placental calcifications and low birth weight (OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.19-2.22) and perinatal death (OR 7.41; 95% CI 4.94-11.09) was identified.. The study alerts us to a significant association between grade 3 placental calcifications and labor induction, although it demonstrates that these sonographic findings do not appear to predispose to fetal distress, low Apgar score, need for neonatal resuscitation, or admission to the NICU.

Topics: Apgar Score; Calcinosis; Female; Fetal Distress; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Labor, Induced; Meconium; Perinatal Death; Placenta; Pregnancy; Resuscitation; Risk Factors; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) is a rare genetic disorder consisting of diffuse arterial calcification and intimal proliferation. The disease typically results in progressive arterial stenosis and frequently leads to death from myocardial ischemia by 6 months of life. Affected infants are usually diagnosed before birth or in the neonatal period with symptoms of congestive heart failure. Therapy with bisphosphonate has been used to treat the condition, but with inconsistent results. The disease is associated with mutations in ENPP1 in the majority of the cases. Here we report a unique case of GACI associated with in utero meconium peritonitis and without coding region mutations of the ENPP1 gene. GACI should be considered in the differential diagnosis in infants presenting with arterial calcifications and congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract.

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Adult; Aortic Diseases; Calcinosis; Clubfoot; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; Pyrophosphatases; Scoliosis; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Intraintestinal meconium calcification in the fetus and newborn is a rare finding, occurring in patients with intestinal obstruction. The intraluminal location of the enterolithiasis enables differentiation from calcifications that are secondary to bowel perforation and meconium peritonitis. We report on a term male neonate with VACTERL (vertebral defects, imperforate anus, cardiac anomalies, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal anomalies, limb anomalies) association and rectourethral fistula, in whom enterolithiasis was documented by prenatal ultrasound imaging at 21 weeks' gestation. A review of the literature and a summary of all previously described cases of neonates with intraluminal meconium calcifications are provided. Prenatal ultrasonographic detection of enterolithiasis in fetuses with anal atresia may indicate the presence of an enterourinary fistula.

Topics: Adult; Anus, Imperforate; Calcinosis; Colonic Diseases; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Pregnancy; Rectal Fistula; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Urethral Diseases; Urinary Fistula

A case is presented in which extension of meconium peritonitis through muscular defects in the diaphragm lead to intrathoracic calcifications diagnosed sonographically at 23 weeks of gestation. There were three diaphragmatic defects, two small ones corresponded to foramina of Morgagni and one large posterior defect that did not correspond to the foramen of Bochdelak. There were three additional muscular defects: one in the rectus abdominus and two, bilaterally, in the loins. Despite long-standing fetal ascites and fresh intraperitoneal meconium at laparotomy, postoperative progress was uneventful. The baby did not have other dysmorphic features except for a single palmar crease, the chromosomes were normal, and the baby did not have cystic fibrosis. Follow-up examination at 10 months showed a thriving infant with mild hypotonia and developmental delay, but no respiratory or gastrointestinal problems.

Topics: Adult; Calcinosis; Cesarean Section; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Female; Hernia, Diaphragmatic; Humans; Ileal Diseases; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Perforation; Laparotomy; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Pregnancy; Thoracic Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography

Topics: Calcinosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Genital Neoplasms, Male; Humans; Infant; Male; Meconium; Scrotum; Ultrasonography

A case of meconium peritonitis that was diagnosed ultrasonographically in the second trimester is presented. Fetal ascites, intraabdominal calcification and polyhydramnios were detected on antenatal ultrasonography. Specks of calcification were also demonstrated on abdominal radiography postnatally. The obstetric and neonatal implications of meconium peritonitis are discussed with literature review.

Topics: Adult; Ascites; Calcinosis; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Meconium; Peritonitis; Polyhydramnios; Pregnancy; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Ultrasonographic (US) findings were correlated with clinical outcome in seven cases of meconium peritonitis detected with prenatal US during a 2-year period. Nineteen previously reported cases were also reviewed. US findings included intraabdominal calcifications (n = six cases), fetal ascites (n = 3), echogenic ascites without calcifications (n = 1), bowel dilatation (n = 2), and polyhydramnios (n = 5). Following delivery, six infants were still alive after a mean follow-up of 13 months (range, 6-26 months); the seventh died of hydrocephalus. Of the six, four required surgical correction of a small-bowel perforation and two did not. All six are thriving, and none has yet been found to have cystic fibrosis. In the 19 previously reported cases, there were only two cases of cystic fibrosis, neither with intraabdominal calcifications. The presence of calcifications was significantly associated with causes other than cystic fibrosis. Prenatally diagnosed cases of meconium peritonitis are associated with cystic fibrosis less frequently than previous studies suggest.

Topics: Ascites; Calcinosis; Cystic Fibrosis; Female; Fetal Diseases; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Meconium; Peritonitis; Polyhydramnios; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Prenatal Diagnosis; Ultrasonography

Prenatal ultrasonography (US) in a 39 year-old woman revealed massive fetal ascites. A fetal abdomino-amniotic shunting procedure was performed. Subsequently, plain radiographs demonstrated diffuse gaseous distention of the bowel and multiple punctate calcifications in the left upper abdomen. Postnatal US examination showed multiple echogenic foci in the liver and the left upper abdomen, bowel wall thickening in the right-sided abdomen, and undescended testes. There was no intra-abdominal free air or loculated fluid collections. Medical management was instituted secondary to the clinical suspicion of omental calcification, necrotizing enterocolitis, and undescended testes. Follow-up US examination showed resolution of portal vein gas and bowel wall thickening. The neonate recovered fully.

Topics: Adult; Calcinosis; Cryptorchidism; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing; Female; Fetal Diseases; Fetal Therapies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Omentum; Peritoneal Diseases; Peritonitis; Pregnancy; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Topics: Calcinosis; Humans; Infant; Male; Meconium; Orchitis; Scrotum

Enterolithiasis is an uncommon finding of a dilated hyperechogenic bowel with multiple ball-like echogenic structures at a routine prenatal check-up using ultrasonography. We here report a case of prenatally diagnosed enterolithiasis at 18 weeks of gestation, showing multiple hyperechogenic foci rolling within the bowel fluid after peristalsis. The size of the dilated bowel gradually increased during pregnancy. Magnetic resonance image demonstrated the dilated lower bowel with blind-ending rectum. A postnatal contrast medium study with retrograde urethrography revealed a middle imperforate anus and a rectourethral fistula. A careful examination, even before 20 weeks of gestation, is extremely useful in demonstrating intraluminal coarse calcifications within an echogenic bowel.

Topics: Adult; Calcinosis; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Meconium; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Topics: Calcinosis; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Meconium; Peritonitis; Radiography

Prenatal ultrasound (US) diagnosis of fetal intra-abdominal calcification (iAC) is frequently caused by an in utero perforation causing meconium peritonitis. Our ability to predict which fetuses will require postnatal surgery is limited. The aim of our study is to correlate iAC and associated US findings with postnatal outcome.. A single centre retrospective review of all cases of fetal iAC diagnosed between 2004 and 2010 was performed. Maternal demographics, fetal US findings, and outcomes (need for surgery and mortality) were collected. Descriptive and comparative statistical analyses were performed.. Twenty-three cases of iAC were identified. There were no cases of fetal demise or postnatal deaths. Three liveborns (13%) required abdominal surgery at a median of 2 days (0-3) for intestinal atresia. US findings of iAC and dilated bowel with (p=0.008) or without (p=0.005) polyhydramnios predicted a need for postnatal surgery as did the combination of iAC, polyhydramnios, and ascites (p=0.008). Conversely, iAC alone or associated with oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, ascites, or growth restriction did not predict need for postnatal surgery.. The majority of fetuses with iAC on prenatal US do not require surgery. Associated US findings (bowel dilation) can be used to select fetuses for delivery in neonatal surgical centres.

Topics: Abdomen; Ascites; Calcinosis; Delivery Rooms; Delivery, Obstetric; Dilatation, Pathologic; Early Diagnosis; Female; Fetal Diseases; Fetal Growth Retardation; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Intestinal Atresia; Intestinal Perforation; Male; Meconium; Oligohydramnios; Operating Rooms; Patient Selection; Peritonitis; Polyhydramnios; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

A 2-day-old girl with an urethrorectal fistula as part of an anorectal septum malformation showed intra-abdominal densities in the colon on radiologic examination, due to calcified meconium balls. This calcification is caused by the presence of urine in the intestinal tract and therefore confirms the presence of an urethrorectal fistula.

Topics: Calcinosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Meconium; Radiography, Abdominal; Rectal Fistula; Urinary Fistula

Intra-abdominal calcification is uncommon in newborns and has several causes of which meconium peritonitis is the most frequent. Three neonates with intra-abdominal calcification as a complication of meconium peritonitis are presented. The types of meconium peritonitis were cystic, meconium pseudocyst and meconium ascites. Two required surgical intervention. Meconium peritonitis should be considered in newborns with intra-abdominal calcification.

Topics: Adult; Calcinosis; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Radiography, Abdominal; Ultrasonography

Calcified intraluminal meconium is a rare finding in newborn infants. It is often associated with communication between the urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. Intra-abdominal calcifications are unusual radiographic findings in the newborn and can easily be misinterpreted as meconium peritonitis. We report on a newborn infant with anorectal malformation, meconium balls, intraluminal calcifications, colpocephaly, and agenesis of the corpus callosum, a rare association.

Topics: Agenesis of Corpus Callosum; Anus, Imperforate; Calcinosis; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Nervous System Malformations; Rectal Fistula; Urinary Fistula

Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Calcinosis; Cysts; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature; Meconium; Polyhydramnios; Pregnancy; Radiography; Ultrasonography

Extraluminal calcified meconium is found frequently by prenatal ultrasound in cases with bowel perforation and meconium peritonitis. Intraluminal intestinal meconium calcifications are rarely seen in prenatal sonography. Meconium calcifications result from a mixture of meconium and urine that indicates a connection between intestinal and urinary tract. We report a case of a male newborn prenatally diagnosed with intraluminal echogenic calcifications at 23 weeks of gestation, suggesting an anorectal malformation (ARM) with rectourinary fistula. At birth, the child presented with a complex ARM including high anal atresia with both perineal and rectourethral fistula. Furthermore, a bladder outlet obstruction due to a urethral stenosis was diagnosed. Vesicostomy was performed as an emergency procedure followed by colostomy during neonatal period. Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty was performed at the age of 4 months. Prenatal echogenic calcifications within bowel should raise the suspicion of ARM with rectourinary fistula and bladder outlet obstruction.

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Anal Canal; Calcinosis; Colostomy; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Rectal Fistula; Rectum; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction; Urinary Fistula

Meconium peritonitis (MP) is a chemical peritonitis, and little is known about its natural history. Below we report MP in both fetuses from a twin pregnancy, with identical clinical ultrasonographic findings but a delay in presentation.. A 31-year-old woman with a twin pregnancy was referred to our institution due to fetal bowel dilatation and ascites. Serial ultrasonography demonstrated gradual but dynamic changes. Both infants were delivered at 29 weeks'gestation. The larger infant had type II MP and experienced more postoperative complications and longer ventilatory care, parenteral nutrition and hospital stay than the smaller one, who had type III MP.. The type of MP at birth may be more important than birth weight in terms of neonatal morbidity. This case increases our understanding of the natural history and prognosis of MP.

Topics: Adult; Ascites; Calcinosis; Cysts; Dilatation, Pathologic; Female; Fetal Diseases; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy, Multiple; Twins; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

To study the relationship between prenatal ultrasound features and postnatal course of meconium peritonitis.. We reviewed our cohort of cases of meconium peritonitis (MP) (n = 13/37, 225 pregnancies or 0.3/1000) as well as those published in the English literature with prenatal ultrasonographic findings and postnatal follow-up (n = 56). The total number of cases (n = 69) was divided into 4 grades of progressive severity based on the number of pertinent sonographic findings: grade 0, isolated intra-abdominal calcifications (n = 18); grade 1, intra-abdominal calcifications and ascites (n = 17) or pseudocyst (n = 2) or bowel dilatation (n = 6); grade 2, two associated findings (n = 20); and grade 3, all sonographic features (n = 6). Presence of polyhydramnios was also recorded. Prenatal predictors of need for neonatal surgery and risk of neonatal death were identified using Chi-square and Fisher exact test, with P < 0.05 considered significant.. Neonatal surgical intervention was required in 0% (0/18) of newborns with grade 0 MP; in 52% (13/25) of those with grade 1; in 80% (16/20) with grade 2; and in 100% (6/6) with grade 3 MP (P < 0.001, Chi-square for trend). Moreover, neonatal surgery was more frequent in the presence than absence of polyhydramnios [69% (18/26) vs 37% (16/43); P = 0.007]. Neonatal mortality was 6% (4/69; 3 after surgery and 1 for premature delivery) and it was confined to the subgroup with polyhydramnios (4/26, 15%).. Prenatal sonographic features are related to postnatal outcome. Persistently isolated intra-abdominal calcifications have an excellent outcome. Delivery in a tertiary care center is recommended when calcifications are associated with other sonographic findings.

Topics: Calcinosis; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Italy; Meconium; Peritonitis; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Severity of Illness Index; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

The initial clinical presentation and radiographic finding of microcolon in children with long-segment intestinal aganglionosis involving the entire colon, ileum and sometimes the jejunum can mimic meconium ileus. This makes the diagnosis difficult for the radiologist and surgeon.. To document and describe the clinical and radiographic findings in children with long-segment intestinal aganglionosis who are initially thought to have meconium ileus.. We reviewed the cases of six neonates with long-segment intestinal aganglionosis presenting as meconium ileus at our institutions between 1978 and 2002. We examined the clinical presentation and the radiographic, surgical, and pathologic findings. In addition, 17 cases from the literature were identified and are included in the discussion.. A total of 23 cases were reviewed. Right lower quadrant intraluminal calcifications were noted on abdominal radiographs in all six neonates of our series and were described in 13 of the 17 neonates reported in the literature. Similarly, a microcolon was present in five of the six neonates of our series and in 14 of 16 historical neonates (one not reported).. In a neonate with small-bowel obstruction and a microcolon, the presence of right lower quadrant intraluminal calcifications should raise the suspicion of long-segment intestinal aganglionosis even if the operative findings are typical of meconium ileus and a biopsy should be performed.

Topics: Biopsy; Calcinosis; Colon; Diagnosis, Differential; Hirschsprung Disease; Humans; Ileus; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Obstruction; Male; Meconium; Radiography; Rectum; Retrospective Studies

Enterolithiasis (multiple calcifications of intraluminal meconium) is a rare, prenatal ultrasonographic finding. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the prenatal diagnostic features and discuss the management of the patients.. The data of two cases of prenatally diagnosed fetal enterolithiasis were collected from ultrasound scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neonatal or postnatal autopsy records. The findings were evaluated in both prenatal and postnatal periods. Chromosomal analysis was performed in one case. An evaluation of primary and secondary malformations was done. Coexisting anomalies were searched for via radiology, neonatal surgery and histopathology.. Malformations in two cases (both males) with partial and complete urorectal septum malformation (URSM) sequence were described. The absence of an anal opening and presence of a fistula between the urinary and gastrointestinal tract were common findings. These features were considered as primary malformations contributing to the formation of enterolithiasis. Secondary anomalies (urinary and gastrointestinal system malformations, pulmonary hypoplasia, genital and other coexisting anomalies) were evaluated.. The prenatal detection of enterolithiasis carries a poor prognosis. Most of the previously reported cases were invariably associated with major fetal malformations of the urinary and gastrointestinal tract. It is a warning sign for large bowel obstruction with or without enterourinary fistula. Therefore, adequate gastrointestinal and urologic studies must be undertaken after birth for the final diagnosis. There is a high mortality rate in the reported cases, mostly attributed to associated anomalies, and all survivors required neonatal surgery. It is important to differentiate the partial from the full URSM sequence because the prognosis in the partial URSM sequence is generally good, with long-term survival being common.

Topics: Adult; Calcinosis; Diseases in Twins; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Intestines; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Meconium; Oligohydramnios; Pregnancy; Prenatal Diagnosis; Rectum; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Urinary Tract

Topics: Calcinosis; Humans; Infant; Male; Meconium; Orchitis; Scrotum; Ultrasonography

Topics: Calcinosis; Cryptorchidism; Cysts; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Radiography; Scrotum

Two preterm infants with non-immune hydrops fetalis associated with meconium peritonitis are reported. The first presented with a cystic abdominal mass and the second had positive parvovirus B19 serology. The association of meconium peritonitis with hydrops fetalis was through different mechanisms in each patient.

Topics: Adult; Calcinosis; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Hydrops Fetalis; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Male; Meconium; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus B19, Human; Peritonitis; Radiography

Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Calcinosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Ileal Diseases; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Perforation; Meconium; Peritonitis; Radiography; Ultrasonography

Topics: Calcinosis; Humans; Infant; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Testis; Ultrasonography

Topics: Calcinosis; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Testicular Diseases; Ultrasonography

Cloacal malformation is a rare abnormality, characterized by direct communication between the gastrointestinal, urinary, and genital structures, resulting in a single perineal opening. Prenatal diagnosis is difficult because of nonvisualization of the communication. We report a case of prenatal diagnosis of this condition, in which the recognition of calcified meconium in the colon and urinary tract provided an important clue.

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Adult; Calcinosis; Cloaca; Female; Humans; Meconium; Pregnancy; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Fetus-in-fetu (FIF), a rare congenital anomaly, is a fetus incorporating the well-differentiated tissue of its twin. The authors describe a newborn who presented with massive abdominal distension and severe respiratory distress. Abdominal x-rays showed multiple calcifications. The diagnosis of meconium pseudocyst was made. At emergency laparotomy an irregular fetiform mass was found in the retroperitoneum lying within a fluid-filled amniotic sac. It contained a vertebral column, 10 limblike structures, and cranial and caudal ends, supporting the diagnosis of fetus-in-fetu. This case highlights several important points. FIF often is overlooked in the differential diagnosis of a newborn abdominal mass and, as in this case, may be confused with meconuim pseudocyst. FIF should be differentiated from a teratoma because of the latter's malignant potential. Because this diagnosis is not made until pathological analysis, all parts of the mass should be removed to prevent malignant recurrence.

Topics: Abdomen; Adult; Calcinosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Fetus; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Laparotomy; Meconium; Mesenteric Cyst; Peritonitis; Pregnancy; Radiography, Abdominal; Teratoma; Treatment Outcome; Twins, Monozygotic

Topics: Calcinosis; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Infant; Male; Meconium; Scrotum; Ultrasonography; Urogenital Surgical Procedures

Meconium periorchitis (MPO) is an uncommon entity associated with healed meconium peritonitis. The typical presentation is soft hydrocele at birth which becomes harder in weeks as the meconium calcifies. It mimics a scrotal mass, and, without knowledge of this rare disease, this may lead to unnecessary surgery. Both the masses and the calcifications have the tendency to resolve spontaneously without compromising the testicle. Sonographic features together with an abdominal plain film are diagnostic, and visualization of the normal testicle may be helpful in differentiating this tumor-like lesion from scrotal tumors. A case of a meconium periorchitis is reported on and the radiological and histological features are discussed with a literature review on the subject.

Topics: Calcinosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Orchitis; Scrotum; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography

Topics: Calcinosis; Cystic Fibrosis; Down Syndrome; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Intestines; Meconium; Pregnancy; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Meconium peritonitis is a form of chemical peritonitis resulting from in utero perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, with subsequent leakage of sterile meconium into the peritoneal cavity and the potential spaces connected with it. Involvement of the tunica vaginalis may be the sole presenting clinical manifestation of the gut perforation resolving spontaneously. In such instances, radiologically detectable calcifications in the abdomen, scrotum, and thorax are essential diagnostic points. In this study, a 4-month-old baby with abdominal, scrotal, and thoracic calcifications owing to healed meconium peritonitis is presented.

Topics: Abdomen; Calcinosis; Disease Progression; Genital Diseases, Male; Hernia, Diaphragmatic; Humans; Infant; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Radiography; Scrotum

We report sibs (a brother and a sister) who presented prenatally with ultrasound findings of meconium peritonitis and postnatally were found to have perforation of the terminal ileum. The sister presented with fetal ultrasound findings of severe ascites and peritoneal calcifications. She had no prenatal intervention and was born at 38 weeks' gestation. Laparatomy revealed perforation of the terminal ileum with meconium peritonitis. Her post-surgical course was uncomplicated and at 30 months of age her growth and development are normal. Her brother presented prenatally with signs of meconium peritonitis including severe ascites and peritoneal calcifications. Prenatal aspiration of the ascitic fluid was performed and unlike his sister he was born prematurely, was operated on at 8 days, and developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia. He is currently 1 year old and has normal growth and development. The aetiology of the ileal perforation is not known. There were no findings suggesting connective tissue disorder and the aetiology of the intestinal perforation is not known. The occurrence of the same rare abnormality in sibs of different sexes points towards an autosomal recessive disorder.

Topics: Adult; Ascites; Calcinosis; Female; Humans; Intestinal Perforation; Male; Meconium; Peritoneal Diseases; Peritonitis; Pregnancy; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Topics: Adult; Calcinosis; Down Syndrome; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Intestines; Meconium; Pregnancy; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Topics: Abdomen; Calcinosis; Female; Foreign Bodies; Hernia, Inguinal; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Perforation; Meconium; Peritonitis; Physical Examination; Treatment Outcome; Ultrasonography; Ureter; Vulva

Enterolithiasis is a rare, prenatal ultrasonographic finding. Previously reported cases were invariably associated with major fetal malformations. We describe a case of fetal enterolithiasis and anhydramnios in an anatomically normal fetus who, at autopsy, showed end-stage fetal liver disease. Fetal hepatorenal syndrome is the most probable cause of this in utero sonographic combination.

Topics: Adult; Calcinosis; Female; Fetal Diseases; Gestational Age; Hepatorenal Syndrome; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Male; Meconium; Oligohydramnios; Pregnancy; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

There is confusion in the radiological literature as to the site of abdominal calcification in cystic fibrosis (CF) with meconium ileus (MI) in neonates.. To correlate the site of radiographic abdominal calcification with histologic and operative findings.. A review of clinical, radiographic, surgical and histologic data in 58 neonates with CF and MI.. Abdominal calcification was identified in 15 (26 %) neonates: on an abdominal radiograph in 8 (13 %), at laparotomy in 3 and histologically in 10 (37 %) of the 27 resected specimens. The radiographic pattern of calcification varied from small specks in three cases to small, better-defined areas in two. In the other three patients, the calcification was more extensive and curvilinear. Histologically, calcification was found to be intramural in ten resected specimens, of which two also had intraluminal and one serosal calcification. The more extensive, curvilinear calcification identified radiographically correlated with histologically proven dystrophic intramural calcification. The less marked flecks or discrete areas of radiographic calcification may represent intramural, serosal or intraluminal calcification.. Intramural calcification is common microscopically in CF with MI. Extensive radiographic calcification in these patients is more likely to represent intramural rather than serosal or intraluminal calcification.

Topics: Calcinosis; Cystic Fibrosis; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Obstruction; Intestines; Male; Meconium; Radiography

Topics: Calcinosis; Cryptorchidism; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Infant; Male; Meconium; Orchitis

Topics: Calcinosis; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Infant; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Radiography, Abdominal; Scrotum

The authors reviewed their experience with meconium peritonitis (MP) diagnosed in utero to define criteria for prenatal and postnatal management. Prenatal diagnosis was made by identifying abdominal calcification on serial ultrasound examinations in nine fetuses, between 18 and 37 weeks' gestation. Cases without associated bowel abnormalities were considered "simple MP" and those with bowel abnormalities were considered "complex MP." Five cases of simple MP were identified at 18, 23, 30, 34, and 37 weeks' gestation. These five fetuses were delivered at term and had normal abdominal examinations. Abdominal radiographs were obtained in three showing normal bowel gas patterns, and abdominal calcifications in only two. All five patients were fed uneventfully. Four cases of complex MP were identified at 26, 26, 31, and 31 weeks' gestation. All four fetuses had dilated loops of bowel. Two of the four had meconium cysts, one of which was associated with ascites and the other with polyhydramnios. Shortly after birth both infants with meconium cysts required ileal resection and ileostomy for ileal atresia and ileal perforation, respectively. The remaining two infants had no evidence of dilated bowel, meconium cyst, or ascites on postnatal radiograph and were fed uneventfully. These data suggest that only 22% of fetuses with a prenatal diagnosis of MP develop complications that require postnatal operation. Gestational age at diagnosis does not correlate with postnatal outcome. Fetuses with complex MP are at increased risk for postnatal bowel obstruction and perforation.

Topics: Ascites; Calcinosis; Cysts; Dilatation, Pathologic; Female; Fetal Diseases; Follow-Up Studies; Gases; Gestational Age; Humans; Ileal Diseases; Ileum; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Atresia; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Perforation; Intestines; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Polyhydramnios; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Radiography; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

In nine patients with meconium peritonitis prenatal ultrasonographic findings were correlated with the clinical course and outcome. Ultrasound findings included polyhydramnion (n = 4), ascites (n = 4), disseminated (n = 3) and solitary echogenic areas (n = 1), echopoor cystic areas (n = 3) and echogenic-echopoor solitary areas (n = 1). Intra-abdominal calcifications were found in five patients before delivery. Eight neonates survived and were subsequently followed up, one fetus died in utero. Four of the eight survivors required surgery, namely for meconium ileus (n = 1), perforation secondary to intestinal volvulus (n = 2) and inguinal hernia associated with prenatal rubella infection (n = 1). Three patients were healthy, one patient required drainage of pleural effusion and respirator therapy but recovered without further problems. Cystic fibrosis was diagnosed in the patient with meconium ileus. Postnatal outcome could not be predicted from the prenatal sonographic findings.

Topics: Adult; Calcinosis; Cesarean Section; Cystic Fibrosis; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Obstruction; Intestinal Perforation; Meconium; Peritonitis; Polyhydramnios; Pregnancy; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Topics: Calcinosis; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Male; Meconium; Orchitis; Scrotum; Ultrasonography

Topics: Adult; Calcinosis; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Meconium; Peritonitis; Pregnancy; Radiography, Thoracic; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Topics: Calcinosis; Humans; Infant; Male; Meconium; Orchiectomy; Peritonitis; Testicular Diseases; Testis

Topics: Adult; Anus, Imperforate; Calcinosis; Colonic Diseases; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Meconium; Pregnancy; Prenatal Diagnosis; Ultrasonography

Anorectal agenesis is usually associated with a fistula to the bladder, urethra, or vagina. The sonographic detection of a meconium concretion in the fetal bladder strongly suggests the presence of an enterovesical fistula.

Topics: Calcinosis; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Fistula; Meconium; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prenatal Diagnosis; Ultrasonography; Urinary Bladder Fistula

A case of a premature infant with meconium peritonitis and intraperitoneal calcifications is described. The course of illness was mild and recovery complete. No evidence of congenital intestinal obstruction or cystic fibrosis was found.

Topics: Calcinosis; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Radiography

Topics: Adult; Calcinosis; Female; Fetal Diseases; Hernia, Inguinal; Humans; Meconium; Peritoneal Diseases; Peritonitis; Pregnancy; Radiography; Ultrasonography

Topics: Calcinosis; Granuloma; Hernia, Inguinal; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Scrotum

Intraluminal meconium calcifications are a rare cause of neonatal abdominal calcifications and can easily be misinterpreted as meconium peritonitis. We report three patients with anorectal anomalies, rectourethral fistula, and intraluminal calcified meconium. Intestinal stasis and mixing of urine and meconium may be predisposing factors for the calcification of meconium. Intraluminal calcifications appear as discrete punctate flecks within the distribution of the bowel, in contrast to meconium peritonitis, where the calcifications are linear and plaque-like, occurring anywhere in the abdominal cavity and scrotum. Careful differentiation of abdominal calcifications will allow more appropriate planning of the need and timing of surgery and can suggest the possibility of other anomalies that may not be suspected initially.

Topics: Abdomen; Calcinosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Radiography, Abdominal

Topics: Calcinosis; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Meconium; Peritonitis; Radiography

Topics: Adult; Calcinosis; Female; Humans; Ileal Diseases; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Obstruction; Meconium; Peritonitis; Pregnancy; Prenatal Diagnosis; Ultrasonography

Perforation of the bowel wall in utero, with meconium gaining access to the tunica vaginalis, results in meconium periorchitis. The clinical and pathologic features in four infants were studied; the findings were compared with those in the 20 cases reported in the literature. In the majority of cases, the intestinal perforation had apparently healed before birth, and the scrotal mass became increasingly obvious following birth. Cystic fibrosis was documented in only one case. A yellowish green paratesticular mass with multifocal dystrophic calcification was the principal gross finding. Lobules of fibromyxoid tissue containing the calcifications were separated by bands of connective tissue. A granulomatous reaction per se was not prominent in the four cases of the present study, although some authors have characterized the process as meconium granuloma. Before orchiectomy is performed in an infant with a scrotal mass, the possibility of meconium periorchitis should be considered.

Topics: Calcinosis; Hernia, Inguinal; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Orchiectomy; Orchitis; Scrotum; Testicular Hydrocele; Testis

Topics: Calcinosis; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Meconium; Peritonitis; Radiography; Thoracic Diseases

Seven cases of increased echogenicity in the fetal abdomen detected on prenatal sonography were reviewed for findings and causes. In four cases, the findings corresponded to calcification secondary to meconium peritonitis, infection, or unknown cause. One infant with meconium ileus had inspissated but noncalcified meconium corresponding to the increased echoes. In two cases, follow-up prenatal sonography was normal, and the neonate was also normal. Eight cases from the literature with increased echogenicity in the fetal abdomen were also reviewed: Two cases were secondary to meconium ileus, and six were caused by meconium peritonitis. Increased abdominal echogenicity on prenatal sonography may result from various processes that may affect obstetric and neonatal management.

Topics: Abdomen; Calcinosis; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Ileal Diseases; Infant, Newborn; Meconium; Pregnancy; Ultrasonography

Intraluminal meconium calcification of unknown mechanism is reported in three neonates who did not have distal intestinal obstruction. The condition was benign in all three cases and did not require surgical intervention. This new form of intra-abdominal calcification should be differentiated from other forms that invariably are due to surgical disorders.

Topics: Calcinosis; Colonic Diseases; Humans; Ileal Diseases; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Intestinal Diseases; Male; Meconium; Radiography

Calcification is the most characteristic pathologic feature of healed meconium peritonitis. Occurrence of calcification in meconium peritonitis has been reported, but its mechanism has not been discussed. According to our studies, the cause of calcification and giant cell reaction is meconium peritonitis is related to several distinct factors leading to three morphologic presentations described under type I, II and III in this paper. These factors can be traced to components of meconium. These morphologic findings are specific and in the proper context diagnostic of meconium peritonitis.

Topics: Calcinosis; Child, Preschool; Female; Granuloma, Giant Cell; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis

Topics: Adult; Calcinosis; Cysts; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Meconium; Peritonitis; Polyhydramnios; Pregnancy; Prenatal Diagnosis; Prognosis; Ultrasonography

The radiographic findings of 200 cases of meconium peritonitis were analyzed; 194 cases were discovered in newborn infants and six cases in fetuses. The radiographic features in the newborn group could be categorized as pneumoperitoneum with intestinal obstruction (adhesions) and calcification (35 cases), intestinal obstruction with calcification (143 cases), intestinal obstruction with no radiographically visible calcification (5 cases), and calcification alone (11 cases). All six cases of the fetal group were diagnosed when the mothers had been hospitalized for polyhydramnios and a plaque-like or ring-like calcification showed up in the fetal abdomen on the plain radiograph. Meconium peritonitis is one of the few conditions that can be diagnosed before birth and is almost the only condition around the time of birth to produce calcification in the abdomen. Therefore, if there is any sign of polyhydramnios, radiographs or ultrasonograms of the maternal abdomen should be obtained to detect any calcification within the peritoneal cavity of the fetus. A simple experiment carried out in rats showed that it takes at least eight days after the meconium escapes into the peritoneal cavity for calcification in the meconium to be radiographically demonstrable.

Topics: Adult; Calcinosis; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Obstruction; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Pneumoperitoneum; Polyhydramnios; Pregnancy; Radiography

The prenatal diagnosis of fetal bowel obstruction with perforation and meconium peritonitis is described. Characteristic ultrasound findings include polyhydramnios, fetal ascites, and echogenic calcific foci with acoustical shadowing.

Topics: Adult; Calcinosis; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Intestinal Perforation; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Polyhydramnios; Pregnancy; Ultrasonography

Calcified intraluminal meconium is rarely observed in newborn. Only 27 cases are related in litterature; the authors report 4 new cases and point out the role of intestinal obstruction (principaly anorectal malformations, but also atresia, meconium ileus or Hirschsprung disease). Pathogenesis is unknown, while intestinal urinary fistula is frequently described.

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Calcinosis; Digestive System Abnormalities; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Fistula; Intestinal Obstruction; Male; Meconium; Urinary Fistula; Urinary Tract

Although sonography is the procedure of choice in evaluating testicular masses in infants, x-ray examination can confirm the diagnosis of healed meconium peritonitis by showing scattered intra-abdominal as well as intrascrotal calcifications. Failure to include an abdominal radiograph early in the evaluation of 2 infants admitted with hard scrotal masses resulted in delayed diagnosis of healed meconium peritonitis. The clinical progression of meconium peritonitis involving the scrotum starts with soft hydroceles at birth and progresses, as the meconium calcifies, to hard "tumor-like" masses at age 4-5 weeks. This paper stresses the sonographic characteristics of meconium peritonitis in the scrotum and the need for confirming radiographs of the abdomen.

Topics: Calcinosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Genital Diseases, Male; Genital Neoplasms, Male; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Scrotum; Ultrasonography

In 20 years the authors have met with 115 cases of meconium peritonitis (MP). The high incidence in China is shown. In all cases there were intraabdominal calcifications. There were no cases of fibrocystic disease. The authors classify 3 types: 1. Neonatal obstructive type 41 cases. 2. Free perforation with: Free pneumoperitoneum 15 cases. Localized pneumoperitoneum 23 cases. 3. No signs or symptoms, with potential intestinal obstruction 23 cases. The series shows a low incidence of atresia. The authors suggest necrotizing enterocolitis as a cause because of the high incidence of stenosis. Three prenatally diagnosed cases are discussed. All had hydramnios and fetal abdominal calcifications. Two of these were confirmed after birth. The mortality is high (42.6%). Abdominal x-ray in all cases with polyhydramnios may lead to a positive diagnosis of MP.

Topics: Abdomen; Adult; Calcinosis; China; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Intestinal Obstruction; Intestinal Perforation; Meconium; Peritonitis; Pneumoperitoneum; Polyhydramnios; Pregnancy; Prenatal Diagnosis

Topics: Ascites; Calcinosis; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Ileum; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Perforation; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Pregnancy; Prenatal Diagnosis; Ultrasonography

Twelve cases of meconium peritonitis were retrospectively reviewed in this study. Five of these patients had cystic fibrosis. Of the patients with cystic fibrosis, intraperitoneal calcifications were present in three (60%) and two (40%) had none. All seven patients (100%) who had meconium peritonitis without cystic fibrosis had abdominal calcifications. These results indicate that the presence of intraperitoneal calcifications does not exclude the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis and that the absence of calcification favors cystic fibrosis. However, a review of the literature indicates the absence of calcification is merely of clue and not definitive as to the etiology of the meconium peritonitis.

Topics: Calcinosis; Cystic Fibrosis; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Peritoneal Diseases; Peritonitis

The diagnosis of meconium peritonitis has received little attention in the pathology literature. Morphologic features of meconium peritonitis can be confusing to the pathologist unfamiliar with this specific entity, especially in case of extraperitoneal lesions presenting clinically as tumor nodules in the tunica vaginalis. Unfamiliarity with this entity can lead to unnecessary removal of the testis. This paper describes four cases of meconium peritonitis and reviews the literature on the pathology, evolution and diagnostic features of the disease, with emphasis on the healed stage, presenting as a tumor mass in the inguinal canal or tunica vaginalis.

Topics: Calcinosis; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Testicular Neoplasms

Topics: Abscess; Animals; Calcinosis; Cystic Fibrosis; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Meconium; Peritoneal Diseases; Peritonitis; Radiography; Rats

Topics: Calcinosis; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Radiography

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Calcinosis; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intestines; Meconium; Urogenital Abnormalities; Urography

Topics: Calcinosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Orchitis

Topics: Adult; Ascites; Calcinosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Ileal Diseases; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Perforation; Meconium; Peritonitis; Pregnancy; Ultrasonography

The authors report six cases of meconium peritonitis with intra-abdominal calcifications; surgical intervention was successful in four. In five patients, fibrocystic desease of pancreas was eliminated. Presenting this report, it is their intention to underline the good prognosis of calcifications which generally eliminate the meconium ileus.

Topics: Calcinosis; Cystic Fibrosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Radiography

Topics: Anus, Imperforate; Calcinosis; Colon; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Meconium

Six neonates are described in whom plain films of the abdomen demonstrated scattered flecks of calcification. Three of the patients had rectal atresia with recto-urethral fistula, one rectal atresia without fistula, one jejunal atresia and one a severe stenosis of the distal small bowel associated with log segment aganglionosis. At operation the calcification was found to be in meconium within the bowel lumen and not as expected to represent serosal plaques following meconium peritonitis due to an intrauterine bowel perforation. Previous case reports are reviewed and possible mechanism discussed.

Topics: Calcinosis; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Intestinal Atresia; Intestinal Obstruction; Male; Meconium; Radiography

Meconium peritonitis results from perforation of the gastrointestinal tract during fetal life. Involvement of the tunica vaginalis may be the sole presenting clinical manifestation of the disease in the unusual event of the gut perforation resolving spontaneously. In such instances radiologically detectable calcification in the abdomen and scrotum is an essential diagnostic point. A case is described in which a baby had hydroceles and bilateral intrascrotal nodules but in which calcification was radiologically undetectable, presumably owing to its having undergon resolution. The typical histology of the nodules provided the diagnosis in this otherwise clinically undiagnostic case.

Topics: Calcinosis; Epididymis; Granuloma; Humans; Infant; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Radiography, Abdominal; Scrotum; Testicular Hydrocele; Testis

Topics: Calcinosis; Castration; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Infant; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Scrotum

This case illustrates a complex of congenital ano-rectal and renal abnormalities not previously reported. Colonic ureteral ectopy, an extremely rare occurance, was also found in this patient and an explanation of the probable embryogenesis is proposed. The roentgen pattern of intraluminal calcified meconium is also illustrated.

Topics: Anus, Imperforate; Calcinosis; Colon; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Radiography; Ureter

Topics: Calcinosis; Constipation; Female; Fetal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Obstruction; Intestinal Perforation; Meconium; Peritonitis; Pregnancy; Radiography, Abdominal; Time Factors; Tissue Adhesions; Vomiting

Topics: Adult; Calcinosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Inguinal Canal; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Radiography; Testis

Topics: Calcinosis; Female; Fetal Diseases; Hernia; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Obstruction; Intestinal Perforation; Jejunum; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Pregnancy; Radiography; Tissue Adhesions

Topics: Abdomen; Calcinosis; Cystic Fibrosis; Cysts; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Pregnancy; Radiography; Umbilicus

Topics: Achondroplasia; Adult; Calcinosis; Humans; Infant; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Meconium; Middle Aged; Peritonitis; Radiography

Topics: Calcinosis; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Intestinal Obstruction; Meconium; Peritoneum

Topics: Calcinosis; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Scrotum

Topics: Calcinosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Radiography; Scrotum; Teratoma; Testicular Hydrocele; Testicular Neoplasms

Topics: Calcinosis; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Ileostomy; Ileus; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Intestinal Obstruction; Meconium; Radiography

Topics: Calcinosis; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Meconium; Peritonitis

Topics: Calcinosis; Congenital Abnormalities; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Ileus; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Intestinal Atresia; Intestinal Obstruction; Intestinal Perforation; Meconium; Peritonitis; Surgical Procedures, Operative

Topics: Calcinosis; Gastric Fistula; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature; Intestinal Fistula; Meconium; Peritonitis; Radiography; Surgical Procedures, Operative

Topics: Calcinosis; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Intestinal Perforation; Male; Meconium; Peritoneum; Peritonitis; Scrotum

Topics: Calcification, Physiologic; Calcinosis; Child; Disease; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Scrotum