morphinans and Cerebrovascular-Disorders

Cardio/cerebral-vascular diseases seriously threaten human health and are the leading cause of death. As such, there is great interest in identifying a potential mechanism that controls the development process of cardio/cerebral vascular diseases. Present studies demonstrate that inflammasomes play an important role in the process of ischemic cardio/cerebral vascular diseases (ICCVDs). Among the pathological process of ICCVDs, inflammasomes activated the sterile inflammatory response that accelerated the development of diseases and aggravated the acute lesion of tissue. As the most thoroughly studied inflammasome, the NLRP3 inflammasome has been proven to be a potential therapeutic target for ICCVDs. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicine which can affect ICCVDs via the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Our study discovers that active compounds of Chinese medicines have a negative effect on NLRP3 in different ICCVDs models. Astragaloside IV may influence the receptor of the cell membrane to inhibit NLRP3 activation. Resveratrol, colchicinesis, salvianolic acid B, chrysophanol and sulforaphane may directly damage the formation of NLRP3 by inhibiting ASC or Caspase-1. Most of the active natural compounds can negatively regulate the downstream products of NLRP3 inflammasome such as IL-18 and IL1

Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Inflammasomes; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Morphinans; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Resveratrol; Spirostans

The effects are reported of acute and long-term continuous administration of three opiate antagonists--naloxone, naltrexone, and diprenorphine--on neurological function, survival, and infarct size in a feline model of acute focal cerebral ischemia. All three drugs produced statistically significant improvement in motor function following acute administration without concomitant changes in level of consciousness; saline had no effect. Naloxone and naltrexone significantly prolonged survival (p less than 0.01); diprenorphine did not. Infarct size was not altered by any treatment administered. These findings confirm previous work suggesting that, with the appropriate methodology, treatment with opiate antagonists partially reverses neurological deficits. They also show that opiate antagonists prolong survival in certain conditions of acute and subacute focal cerebral ischemia without altering the area of infarcted tissue.

Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cats; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Consciousness; Diprenorphine; Disease Models, Animal; Male; Morphinans; Movement; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Pupil; Sensation