morphinans and Acute-Disease

The safety and efficacy of single intramuscular doses of dezocine (10 or 15 mg) were compared with butorphanol (2 mg) and placebo in 157 patients with moderate to severe postoperative pain. A verbal pain intensity scale, an analog pain intensity scale, and a verbal pain relief scale were used to record the patients' subjective assessments. The results of this study indicate that a single 10 or 15 mg intramuscular injection of dezocine is safe and more effective than placebo for four to six hours, respectively, in the treatment of moderate to severe postoperative pain (P less than .05). During the first hour of treatment the pain relief afforded by 2 mg of butorphanol was significantly greater than that afforded by 10 mg of dezocine (P less than .05), but both doses of dezocine provided long-lasting relief. The scores on all three efficacy scales were highest with the 15 mg dose of dezocine after the first hour, while the 10 mg dose of dezocine and butorphanol were compared during this period. Nausea and vomiting were the most commonly reported side effects; injection site reactions were reported more frequently in the butorphanol group.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Butorphanol; Clinical Trials as Topic; Consumer Behavior; Cycloparaffins; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Middle Aged; Morphinans; Nausea; Pain, Postoperative; Placebos; Tetrahydronaphthalenes; Time Factors; Vomiting

Topics: Acute Disease; Analgesia; Buprenorphine; Humans; Meperidine; Morphinans; Pancreatitis

Pain relief was evaluated in 81 patients with acute ureteral colic and the confirmed presence of a calculus. A randomized double-blind comparison of intramuscular 2 and 4 mg. butorphanol and 80 mg. meperidine was used. Pain intensity and pain relief were evaluated at half hour and hourly intervals for 4 hours. A 2 mg. dose of butorphanol was found to be analgesically equivalent to 80 mg. meperidine, while a 4 mg. dose of butorphanol was found to be more effective than 80 mg. meperidine and 2 mg. butorphanol. Each patient received up to 2 doses of analgesic medication when necessary. There was no significant difference in the incidence of side effects among treatments. One patient had visual hallucinations after a 2 mg. dose of butorphanol, possibly owing to its antagonistic activity to significant narcotic experience given previously at another hospital. There was no other evidence of toxicity with butorphanol. It was found to be a safe, effective and wall tolerated drug for the treatment of ureteral colic and is recommended in place of narcotics.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Butorphanol; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Meperidine; Middle Aged; Morphinans; Ureteral Diseases

The therapeutic value of an antirheumatic alkaloid, sinomenine (SIN), was investigated in the acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis (MS). SIN is a bioactive alkaloid derived from the Chinese medicinal plant, Sinomenium acutum REHDER & E. H. WILSON (Family Menispermaceae). Chinese doctors have utilized this plant to treat rheumatic and arthritic diseases for over one thousand years. Experiments in which EAE-induced Lewis rats exhibit an acute monophasic episode of disease demonstrated that SIN is effective in preventing clinical signs of disease. The therapeutic effect on disease activity was observed at preonset administration times and at various doses tested. Consistent with disease activity in vivo, SIN-treated animals have reduced cellular infiltration within the spinal cord along with decreased TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma expression levels. SIN can significantly inhibit proliferation response of splenocytes induced by MBP(68-82). TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, secreted by splenocytes induced by MBP(68-82) are inhibited by SIN by dose-dependence manner. The mRNA levels of CC chemokines, RANTES, MIP-1alpha and MCP-1, are inhibited in SIN-treated EAE rats. The data in this proof of concept study support the premise that SIN may be a promising new therapeutic intervention in MS.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aquaporins; Cell Proliferation; Chemokine CCL5; Chemokines; Cytokines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Eye Proteins; Female; Interferon-gamma; Membrane Glycoproteins; Morphinans; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Receptors, CCR2; Receptors, Chemokine; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Spinal Cord; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Aging; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Cough; Drug Combinations; Humans; Laryngitis; Morphinans; Pentylenetetrazole; Pharyngitis; Respiratory Insufficiency

Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Disease; Blood Transfusion; Hemarthrosis; Hematoma; Hemophilia A; Hemophilia B; Humans; Immobilization; Meperidine; Morphinans; Muscles; Physical Therapy Modalities; Plasma Substitutes