monoiodotyrosine and Goiter

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Deafness; Female; Goiter; Goiter, Nodular; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Infant; Iodide Peroxidase; Iodides; Iodoproteins; Male; Middle Aged; Monoiodotyrosine; Syndrome; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Hormones

Topics: Biopsy; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromosomes; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Culture Techniques; Decarboxylation; Female; Genes, Dominant; Genes, Recessive; Goiter; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Iodine; Iodine Isotopes; Male; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Monoiodotyrosine; Oxidoreductases; Thyroid Gland; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine

The recent cloning of the human iodotyrosine deiodinase (IYD) gene enables the investigation of iodotyrosine dehalogenase deficiency, a form a primary hypothyroidism resulting from iodine wasting, at the molecular level.. In the current study, we identify the genetic basis of dehalogenase deficiency in a consanguineous family.. Using HPLC tandem mass spectrometry, we developed a rapid, selective, and sensitive assay to detect 3-monoiodo-l-tyrosine and 3,5-diodo-l-tyrosine in urine and cell culture medium. Two subjects from a presumed dehalogenase-deficient family showed elevated urinary 3-monoiodo-l-tyrosine and 3,5-diodo-l-tyrosine levels compared with 57 normal subjects without thyroid disease. Subsequent analysis of IYD revealed a homozygous missense mutation in exon 4 (c.658G>A p.Ala220Thr) that co-segregates with the clinical phenotype in the family. Functional characterization of the mutant iodotyrosine dehalogenase protein showed that the mutation completely abolishes dehalogenase enzymatic activity. One of the heterozygous carriers for the inactivating mutation recently presented with overt hypothyroidism indicating dominant inheritance with incomplete penetration. Screening of 100 control alleles identified one allele positive for this mutation, suggesting that the c.658G>A nucleotide substitution might be a functional single nucleotide polymorphism.. This study describes a functional mutation within IYD, demonstrating the molecular basis of the iodine wasting form of congenital hypothyroidism. This familial genetic defect shows a dominant pattern of inheritance with incomplete penetration.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amino Acid Sequence; Calibration; Cell Line; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Diiodotyrosine; DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Goiter; Humans; Hydrolases; Male; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Monoiodotyrosine; Mutation, Missense; Phenotype; Plasmids; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Hormones; Transfection; Young Adult

DEHAL1 has been identified as the gene encoding iodotyrosine deiodinase in the thyroid, where it controls the reuse of iodide for thyroid hormone synthesis. We screened patients with hypothyroidism who had features suggestive of an iodotyrosine deiodinase defect for mutations in DEHAL1. Two missense mutations and a deletion of three base pairs were identified in four patients from three unrelated families; all the patients had a dramatic reduction of in vitro activity of iodotyrosine deiodinase. Patients had severe goitrous hypothyroidism, which was evident in infancy and childhood. Two patients had cognitive deficits due to late diagnosis and treatment. Thus, mutations in DEHAL1 led to a deficiency in iodotyrosine deiodinase in these patients. Because infants with DEHAL1 defects may have normal thyroid function at birth, they may be missed by neonatal screening programs for congenital hypothyroidism.

Topics: Adult; Amino Acid Sequence; Child; DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Frameshift Mutation; Goiter; Homozygote; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Iodide Peroxidase; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Sequence Data; Monoiodotyrosine; Mutation, Missense; Open Reading Frames; Phenotype; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Deletion

The 22 kDa fragment (Asn1-Met171) purified from iodine-poor human thyroglobulin (hTg) is capable by itself to synthesize thyroxine at Tyr5, the preferential hormonogenic acceptor site of the protein, after iodination in vitro. To identify the corresponding donor site in this model we studied the fate of the six Tyr residues present in the 22 kDa peptide after in vitro hormone synthesis. Structural studies of the tyrosyl peptides showed that Tyr5 was the only thyroxine-forming site, the other tyrosines (29, 89, 97 and 107) were noniodinated and Tyr130 was recovered in alanine form after CNBH4 treatment of the Tyr130-containing peptide. Taking into account that alanine could arise from aminoreduced pyruvate species, these results showed that in the 22 kDa fragment (1) hormone formation involves the couple Tyr5 (acceptor)-Tyr130 (donor), and (2) dehydroalanine, the resultant product of donor tyrosine after hormone synthesis, has evolved in pyruvoyl form. To test whether Tyr130 could also act as donor in hTg hormone synthesis, the 22 kDa peptide was isolated from hTg iodinated under conditions leading to iodotyrosine formation followed or not by hormone formation and the tyrosyl peptides were analyzed. After hTg iodination and before coupling (i.e. hormone synthesis) only Tyr5 and Tyr130 were recovered in iodotyrosine form; after coupling thyroxine was found at Tyr5 whereas Tyr130 disappeared. Taken together these results, correlated with the previously reported cleavage of hTg chain at Tyr130 occurring during in vivo hormone synthesis, support the theory that the couple Tyr5 (acceptor)-Tyr130 (donor) would be the preferential hormonogenic site in human Tg.

Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Goiter; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Molecular Sequence Data; Monoiodotyrosine; Peptides; Pyroglutamyl-Peptidase I; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thyroglobulin; Thyroxine; Trypsin; Tyrosine

A 16-year-old male cretin with congenital goitrous hypothyroidism and 95% discharge in the perchlorate test underwent thyroidectomy. Thyroid studies disclosed negligible peroxidase (TPO) activity in the tyrosine iodinase assay, 6 nmoles I- inc./g (normals: 220-410). Using the same particulate preparations, a high activity was obtained in the guaiacol assay, 485 U/mg vs. 176 U/mg of a control gland. Goitre TPO was solubilized by treating the thyroid pellets with deoxycholate, trypsin and acetone. Soluble goitre TPO was further purified on Sephadex G-200. By this procedure we obtained a single peak of enzyme activity for oxidizing guaiacol, although no activity was found for iodinating tyrosine. I2 formation, as measured by the triiodide assay, was only 28% of that expected for normal TPO when compared for guaiacol oxidation. It is concluded that this abnormal TPO was the cause of the congenital hypothyroidism of the patient. We suggest the term "thyroid peroxidase-iodinase defect" for defining this newly found inborn error.

Topics: Adolescent; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Chromatography, Gel; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Goiter; Humans; Iodide Peroxidase; Male; Monoiodotyrosine; NADH Dehydrogenase; Peroxidases; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Gland

The distribution of iodotyrosines and iodothyroinines has been studied in poorly iodinated 19 S thyroglobulins isolated by sucrose gradient centrifugation from five human thyroid tissue. The 19 S thyroglobulins have been fractionated by isopycnic centrifugation and 34.5% rubidium chloride gradient. The distribution of iodoamino acids depends on the total iodine content of each fraction. The variations in MIT) and DIT residues with increasing levels of iodination are not identical, the elevation of DIT residues being higher than that of MIT. The number of T4 residues increases quite rapidly after 5 atoms of iodine while T3 increases slightly and slowly. It is shown here that, even after fractionation of poorly iodinated thyroglobulin, the synthesis of thyroid hormones is observed at a level of iodine content as low as 1.4 and 1.8 atoms per molecule of thyroglobulin. This shows that the thyroglobulin fractions obtained by isopycnic centrifugation are still heterogeneous, although less than the initial non-fractionated thyroglobulin. In order to explain our data, it must be admitted that a large proportion of thyroglobulin molecules are not iodinated.

Topics: Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Centrifugation, Isopycnic; Goiter; Humans; Iodine; Monoiodotyrosine; Thyroglobulin; Thyronines

Topics: Congenital Hypothyroidism; Diiodotyrosine; Female; Goiter; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Iodine Radioisotopes; Iodoproteins; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Monoiodotyrosine; Radioimmunoassay; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyrotropin; Triiodothyronine

Almost non-iodinated human goiter thyroglobulin has been iodinated in vitro by thyroid peroxidase to levels as high as 75 iodine atoms per mol of protein. The following results were obtained. 1. The iodine distribution obtained in vitro with human thyroglobulin strongly ressembles that obtained in vivo for rat thyroglobulin. Thus the distribution of iodine seems to depend essentially on the structure of thyroglobulin and on the reactivity of the different tyrosine residues. 2. Although the number of hormone residues increased with iodination the highest efficiency of hormone synthesis was obtained in a very narrow range of iodination: in vitro (40%) between 25 and 30 iodine atoms, and in vivo (48%) between 10 and 20 atoms. This result suggests that the tyrosines which are coupled with a high efficiency are iodinated sequentially. 3. Maximal thyroxine content was found to be lower than approximately 3 mol/mol of thyroglobulin. This result might mean that the two 12-S subunits of thyroglobulin are not identical and that one of them is able to produce 2 mol of hormone while the second only 1 mol.

Topics: Animals; Goiter; Humans; Iodide Peroxidase; Kinetics; Male; Monoiodotyrosine; Peroxidases; Rats; Thyroglobulin; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine

Topics: Animals; Antithyroid Agents; Biological Assay; Diiodotyrosine; Goiter; Iodine; Iodine Radioisotopes; Monoiodotyrosine; Plants, Edible; Rats; Species Specificity; Thiocyanates; Thyroid Gland; Thyroxine; Vegetables

Topics: Adult; Albumins; Chromatography; Deafness; Female; Goiter; Humans; Iodine; Monoiodotyrosine; Syndrome; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroxine

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animal Feed; Animals; Antithyroid Agents; Blood Proteins; Chickens; Diiodotyrosine; Goiter; Iodine; Iodine Isotopes; Monoiodotyrosine; Oxazoles; Plants; Poultry Diseases; Protein Binding; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine

Topics: Ammonium Sulfate; Catalase; Chemical Precipitation; Cytochrome Reductases; Diiodotyrosine; Electrophoresis; Female; Goiter; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunodiffusion; In Vitro Techniques; Iodine; Iodine Isotopes; Microsomes; Middle Aged; Monoiodotyrosine; Peroxidases; Thiocyanates; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Gland; Ultracentrifugation

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Deafness; Female; Goiter; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Iodine; Iodine Radioisotopes; Male; Middle Aged; Monoiodotyrosine; Perchlorates; Peroxidases; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Gland

Butanol-insoluble iodinated compounds in the urine of patients with congenital goiters have been generally regarded as iodopeptides. Monoiodohistidine (MIH) and diiodohistidine (DIH) were identified from the urine of four patients with congenital goitrous hypothyroidism. From radioiodine studies, 40-70% of the urinary radioactivity was in the iodide-free fraction from which about 40% was identified as MIH and DIH by crystallizations to a constant specific activity. Iodotyrosines were simultaneously identified in the urine. However the presence of an iodotyrosine-deiodinase activity was demonstrated in the two removed goiters with a normal K(m) for MIT. In vivo iodotyrosine deiodination was normal for hypothyroid subjects. No thyroglobulin was identified in the thyroids from these patients. The major iodoprotein was iodoalbumin which, after in vivo labeling, contained 84-89% of the total soluble protein radioactivity. The thyroxine content of the goiter iodoalbumins and other iodoproteins was extremely low. Iodohistidines were identified in comparable proportions in the iodoalbumin and in the other iodoproteins isolated from each goiter. The average iodohistidine content of these proteins as crystallizable MIH and DIH was in the individual cases 15 and 4% of the in vivo incorporated radioiodine. DIH was identified in all iodoprotein fractions. The mean DIH/MIH ratios from the individual cases were 1.16 and 0.35. The corresponding DIT/MIT ratios were 3.19 and 1.45, respectively. The major consequence of this thyroglobulin defect is the iodination of inappropriate proteins (mainly albumin) resulting in low yields of thyroxine and high yields of iodohistidines. Iodohistidines from the goiter iodoproteins were not deiodinated and, at least for MIH, were quantitatively excreted in the urine of these patients. From the MIH iodoalbumin content and the MIH urinary excretion, goiter iodoalbumin turnover estimates were made and, although elevated, could not maintain a normal thyroxine secretion. The urinary excretion of iodohistidines easily demonstrated by column chromatography is offered as a test for detecting this variety of congenital goiter.

Topics: Adult; Albumins; Albuminuria; Child; Chromatography, Gel; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Female; Goiter; Histidine; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Immunodiffusion; Iodides; Iodoproteins; Male; Monoiodotyrosine; Peroxidases; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Diiodotyrosine; Drug Synergism; Folic Acid Antagonists; Goiter; Iodine; Iodine Isotopes; Male; Monoiodotyrosine; Organ Size; Pituitary Gland; Pyrimidines; Rats; Sulfonamides; Testis; Thyroid Gland; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine; Trimethoprim

Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Gel; Diiodotyrosine; Electrophoresis, Paper; Flour; Glycine max; Glycopeptides; Goiter; In Vitro Techniques; Iodine; Iodine Isotopes; Male; Monoiodotyrosine; Oligopeptides; Peptides; Rats; Thyroid Gland; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine; Ultracentrifugation

Topics: Biopsy; Chromatography, Paper; Electrophoresis; Female; Goiter; Half-Life; Humans; Iodine; Iodine Isotopes; Middle Aged; Monoiodotyrosine; NAD; Recurrence; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Gland; Thyroidectomy; Thyronines; Thyrotropin

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Goiter; Histidine; Humans; Iodides; Iodine; Iodine Isotopes; Monoiodotyrosine; Pronase; Rats; Thyroglobulin; Thyronines; Triiodothyronine

Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Diiodotyrosine; Goiter; Graves Disease; Humans; Iodine; Iodine Isotopes; Methods; Monoiodotyrosine; Potassium Iodide; Spectrophotometry; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Female; Goiter; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Iodine Isotopes; Iodine Radioisotopes; Lithium; Male; Monoiodotyrosine; Rats; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Diiodotyrosine; Goiter; Goiter, Endemic; Goiter, Nodular; Humans; Iodides; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Monoiodotyrosine; Perchlorates; Peroxidases; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Hormones

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Paper; Dialysis; Diiodotyrosine; Goiter; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iodine Isotopes; Mathematics; Methods; Monoiodotyrosine; Peptide Hydrolases; Spectrophotometry; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroxine; Tyrosine; Ultraviolet Rays

Topics: Aminoglutethimide; Aniline Compounds; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Antithyroid Agents; Blood Proteins; Chromatography, Paper; Depression, Chemical; Diiodotyrosine; Female; Goiter; Iodine; Iodine Isotopes; Male; Monoiodotyrosine; Organ Size; Propylthiouracil; Protein Binding; Pyridones; Rats; Thyrotropin; Thyroxine

Topics: Adult; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Diiodotyrosine; Female; Goiter; Humans; Immunoelectrophoresis; Iodoproteins; Ketoglutaric Acids; Male; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Monoiodotyrosine; Peptide Hydrolases; Peroxidases; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyrotropin; Thyroxine; Thyroxine-Binding Proteins; Transaminases; Tyrosine Transaminase

Topics: Animals; Antithyroid Agents; Basal Metabolism; Body Weight; Diet; Diiodotyrosine; Feces; Goiter; Goiter, Endemic; Intestinal Absorption; Iodine; Iodine Isotopes; Male; Monoiodotyrosine; Nuts; Organ Size; Rats; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Gland; Thyroxine

Topics: Age Determination by Skeleton; Child; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Diiodotyrosine; Goiter; Humans; Iodides; Iodine Radioisotopes; Male; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Microscopy, Electron; Monoiodotyrosine; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Gland; Thyroxine

Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Deficiency Diseases; Diiodotyrosine; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Goiter; Iodine; Iodine Isotopes; Iodoproteins; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Monoiodotyrosine; Rats; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Adolescent; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Amino Acids; Animals; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Chromosomes, Human, 16-18; Consanguinity; Goiter; Humans; Hydro-Lyases; L-Serine Dehydratase; Liver; Male; Monoiodotyrosine; Pedigree; Rats; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroxine

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alcohols; Aminosalicylic Acids; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Chickens; Chromatography; Diet; Female; Goiter; Humans; Iodine; Iodine Radioisotopes; Male; Mice; Middle Aged; Monoiodotyrosine; Rabbits; Radiometry; Rats; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Aged; Deafness; Diiodotyrosine; Goiter; Humans; Iodides; Iodine; Iodine Radioisotopes; Kinetics; Male; Monoiodotyrosine; Perchlorates; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Goiter; Golgi Apparatus; Humans; Iodine; Microscopy, Electron; Monoiodotyrosine; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Hormones; Tyrosine

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Autoradiography; Child; Child, Preschool; Diiodotyrosine; Epithelium; Female; Goiter; Humans; Iodine; Iodine Isotopes; Iodoproteins; Male; Monoiodotyrosine; Organ Size; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Adolescent; Chromatography, Paper; Deafness; Goiter; Humans; Karyotyping; Male; Monoiodotyrosine; Sex Chromosomes

Topics: Autoradiography; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Diiodotyrosine; Goiter; Humans; Hyperplasia; Hypothyroidism; In Vitro Techniques; Iodine; Iodine Isotopes; Iodoproteins; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Monoiodotyrosine; Proteins; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Animals; Antipyrine; Asthma; Caffeine; Chromatography, Paper; Digitalis; Diiodotyrosine; Drug Synergism; Goiter; Iodides; Iodine; Iodine Isotopes; Male; Monoiodotyrosine; Myxedema; Phenacetin; Plants, Medicinal; Plants, Toxic; Rats; Strophanthins; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Animals; Depression, Chemical; Diiodotyrosine; Dinitrophenols; Goiter; Iodine; Iodine Isotopes; Male; Monoiodotyrosine; NADP; Propylthiouracil; Rats; Thyroid Gland; Thyrotropin; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine

Topics: Adenoma; Autoradiography; Chromatography; Goiter; Histological Techniques; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Iodine Radioisotopes; Methods; Monoiodotyrosine; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tyrosine

Topics: Carbon Isotopes; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Child; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Diiodotyrosine; Electrophoresis; Female; Goiter; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Immunoelectrophoresis; Iodine; Iodoproteins; Monoiodotyrosine; Serum Albumin; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenoma; Adult; Aged; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Chromatography; Diiodotyrosine; Female; Goiter; Humans; Iodides; Iodine; Iodine Radioisotopes; Iodoproteins; Male; Metabolic Diseases; Middle Aged; Monoiodotyrosine; Spectrophotometry; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Adult; Chromatography, Paper; Diiodotyrosine; Female; Goiter; Humans; Iodine Isotopes; Kidney Function Tests; Liver Function Tests; Monoiodotyrosine; Potassium; Thiocyanates; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Gland; Thyronines; Time Factors

Topics: Autopsy; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Diiodotyrosine; Goiter; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iodine; Iodoproteins; Monoiodotyrosine; Spectrophotometry; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroxine; Tyrosine; Ultracentrifugation

Topics: Adolescent; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Enzymes; Fluids and Secretions; Genetics, Medical; Goiter; Humans; Iodine Isotopes; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Monoiodotyrosine; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroxine; Urine

Topics: Adolescent; Diiodotyrosine; Goiter; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Iodides; Iodine; Iodine Isotopes; Metabolic Diseases; Monoiodotyrosine; Thyroid Function Tests; Tyrosine; Urine

Topics: Blood Chemical Analysis; Chromatography; Geriatrics; Goiter; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine Isotopes; Monoiodotyrosine; Myxedema; Neoplasms; Propylthiouracil; Thiourea; Thyronines; Thyroxine; Tyrosine

Topics: Genetics, Medical; Goiter; Iodine Isotopes; Metabolism; Monoiodotyrosine; Thyronines; Tyrosine

Topics: Goiter; Humans; Monoiodotyrosine; Tyrosine

Five to 10 per cent of cretinism in the United States is due to some congenital enzymatic defect in thyroid hormone synthesis. The clinical signs of hypothyroidism appear in early infancy. Differentiation from athyreotic cretinism is important because the metabolic defect tends to be familial and its presence in the patient's infant relatives should be diagnosed as early as possible. The differentiation is easily made if a goiter is discernible, but if it is not, radioiodine uptake should be measured, for in this condition the uptake is normal or greater. Thyroid replacement is the treatment in either the athyreotic state or the metabolic deficiency. The three known defects in thyroid hormone synthesis are (1) failure to oxidize iodine to elemental iodine resulting in failure of all subsequent processes; (2) failure to deiodinate free iodotyrosine, and (3) failure to form iodothyronine although the previous steps are accomplished.

Topics: Congenital Hypothyroidism; Goiter; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant; Iodides; Iodine; Iodine Radioisotopes; Monoiodotyrosine; Syndrome; Thyroid Hormones

Topics: Congenital Hypothyroidism; Goiter; Humans; Monoiodotyrosine; Peptides

Topics: Diiodotyrosine; Goiter; Humans; Monoiodotyrosine; Tyrosine

Topics: Blood; Child; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Goiter; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Monoiodotyrosine; Thyroxine; Tyrosine