mogroside-v and Body-Weight

Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are highly prevalent and cause numerous metabolic diseases. However, drugs for the prevention and treatment of obesity and NAFLD remain unavailable. In this study, we investigated the effects of mogrosides (luo han guo, LH) in

Topics: Adipose Tissue; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Anti-Obesity Agents; Anticholesteremic Agents; Body Weight; Diet, High-Fat; Gene Expression Regulation; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Liver; Male; Mice; Momordica; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Obesity; Organ Size; Reactive Oxygen Species; Saponins; Sequestosome-1 Protein; THP-1 Cells; Triterpenes

The purpose of this study was to observe the islet changes of pancreas in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) mice in comparison to normal mice after application of an extract from Siraitia grosvenori fruits containing mogrosides, in particular, mogroside V. We hypothesized that mogroside extract (MG) attenuates the severity of alloxan-induced IDDM by effects on the immune system. Our data show that IDDM mice exhibited significant injury to pancreatic islets cells, which were atrophic. In addition, alloxan induced a notable increase in the expression of CD8+ lymphocytes to form a dramatic decrease in CD4+/CD8+ ratio (while CD4+ was unchanged). MG, administered to normal and experimental diabetic mice for 4 wk, effectively attenuated the early clinical symptoms, biochemical abnormalities, and pathological damages in pancreatic islets. Furthermore, at low dose, MG regulated the immune imbalance observed in alloxan-induced IDDM mice by up-regulating the CD4+ T-lymphocyte subsets and CD4/CD8 ratio, and altering the intracellular cytokine profiles. The expression of the pro-inflammatory Th1 cytokines: IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha in splenic lymphocytes was altered toward a beneficial Th2 pattern. MG therapy had no effect on normal mice, except that low dosage MG could up-regulate the IL-4 expression levels. The results revealed that MG exhibited antidiabetic effects presumably due to the presence of mogrosides.

Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; CD4-CD8 Ratio; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Drinking; Fruit; Immunity, Cellular; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-4; Islets of Langerhans; Magnoliopsida; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Plant Extracts; Spleen; Th1 Cells; Th2 Cells; Triterpenes; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

A combined 28-day and 90-day oral (Gavage) study was conducted in male and female dogs to investigate the safety of PureLo, a non-caloric sweetener derived from the Chinese fruit Luo Han Guo, which achieves its sweetness from the presence of triterpene glycosides known as mogrosides. Three dogs of each sex were administered 10 mL/kg bw/day of either an aqueous solution providing 3000 mg/kg bw/day of PureLo or distilled water for either 28 days or 90 days. Measurements included clinical observations, body weight, food consumption, hematology, blood chemistry, urinalysis, gross necropsy, organ weight, and histopathology. There were no significant adverse effects on any of these measures. Based on the lack of toxicological effects in the study, the NOAEL for PureLo is 3000 mg/kg bw/day when administered to dogs by Gavage for 90 consecutive days.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Body Weight; Clinical Chemistry Tests; Dogs; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Fruit; Hematologic Tests; Longevity; Male; Momordica; No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; Sweetening Agents; Time Factors; Triterpenes