mobiflex and Edema

The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of daily single-dose use of flurbiprofen, diclofenac sodium, and tenoxicam on pain, swelling, and trismus that occur after surgical extraction of impacted wisdom teeth using local anesthesia.. The present study included 3 groups with 30 patients in each group. Those volunteering to participate in this double-blind randomized study (n = 90) were selected from a patient population with an indication for extraction of impacted wisdom teeth. Group 1 patients received 200 mg flurbiprofen, group 2 patients received 100 mg diclofenac sodium, and group 3 patients received 20 mg tenoxicam. All doses were once a day, starting preoperatively. Pain was evaluated postoperatively at 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, and 24 hours and at 2 and 7 days using a visual analog scale (VAS). For comparison with the preoperative measurements, the patients were invited to postoperative follow-up visits 2 and 7 days after extraction to evaluate for swelling and trismus. The statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics in SAS, version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC), software. Statistical analysis of the pain, swelling, and trismus data was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U tests. The statistical level of significance was accepted at P = .05 and power of 0.80.. Clinically, tenoxicam showed better analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy compared with diclofenac sodium and, in particular, flurbiprofen. Although the VAS scores in the evaluation of pain showed statistically significant differences at 2 days, no statistically significant difference was found for swelling and trismus.. Our study evaluated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects with a daily single dose of flurbiprofen, diclofenac sodium, and tenoxicam. Daily 20 mg tenoxicam can be accepted as an adequate and safe option for patients after a surgical procedure.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, Local; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Diclofenac; Double-Blind Method; Edema; Female; Flurbiprofen; Humans; Male; Molar, Third; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Piroxicam; Tooth, Impacted; Treatment Outcome; Trismus

The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of preemptive intravenous tenoxicam and methylprednisolone administrations on extraction of impacted third molars.. This was a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. A total of 60 adult patients ages 18-40 years with the complaints of impacted third molar teeth were included in the study.. The postoperative swelling ratios (p<0.05) and pain scores (p<0.05) were significantly better in both study groups than in the control group and there was no statistically significant difference between methylprednisolone and tenoxicam groups with regards to the edema and pain relief.. Preoperative administration of 80 mg methylprednisolone achieves better control of trismus than tenoxicam without any significant differences in edema and pain control in impacted third molar teeth extraction.

Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Edema; Humans; Methylprednisolone; Molar, Third; Pain; Pain Measurement; Piroxicam; Preoperative Care; Tooth Extraction; Trismus; Turkey

The present study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effects of tenoxicam (Tilcotil), 20 mg daily, versus placebo on the inflammatory response induced in patients undergoing surgical removal of bilateral lower third molar teeth, using stereophotogrammetry to assess the degree of swelling. The results indicated that tenoxicam (20 mg/day) was no more effective than a nonactive placebo in modifying swelling in the first two postoperative days.

Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Edema; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Face; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Mandible; Molar, Third; Photogrammetry; Piroxicam; Placebos; Tooth Extraction; Tooth, Impacted

Transdermal delivery of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is an effective route of drug administration, as it directs the drug to the inflamed site with reduced incidence of systemic adverse effects such as gastric hemorrhage and ulcers. Tenoxicam (TNX) is a member of NSAIDs that are marketed only as oral tablets due to very poor absorption through the skin. The current study intended to formulate and characterize a hydrogel loaded with nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) to enhance the transdermal delivery of TNX. Six formulations of TNX were formulated by slight modifications of high shear homogenization and ultrasonication method. The selected formula was characterized for their particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (EE),

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Carrageenan; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Edema; Lipids; Nanostructures; Particle Size; Piroxicam; Rats; Skin; Skin Absorption; Surface Properties

The reactions of ruthenium(III) chloride trihydrate with piroxicam (H2PIR) and tenoxicam (H2TEN), two widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, afforded [Ru(III)Cl2(H2PIR)(HPIR)],·1, and [Ru(III)Cl2(H2TEN)(HTEN)],·2. Both compounds were obtained as pure green solids through purification via flash column chromatography. Characterizations were accomplished through UV-vis and IR spectroscopy, potentiometry and HPLC. Quantum mechanics and density functional computational methods were applied to investigate their respective molecular structures. The experimental and computational results are in agreement with a pseudo-octahedral coordination where the two chlorido ligands are in trans positions (apical) and the two trans-N,O chelating oxicam ligands occupy the equatorial sites. Both compounds revealed an acceptable solubility and stability profile upon dissolution in a standard buffer at physiological pH. Nonetheless, the addition of biologically occurring reducing agents caused spectral changes. The two complexes manifested a poor reactivity with the model proteins cytochrome c and lysozyme: no evidence for adduct formation was indeed obtained based on a standard ESI MS analysis; in contrast, some significant reactivity with serum albumin was proved spectrophotometrically. Remarkably, both study compounds revealed pronounced anti-edema effects in vivo suggesting that the pharmacological actions of the ligands are mostly retained; in addition, they were less irritating than piroxicam on the gastric mucosa when the coordination compounds and free oxicam were administered at the same overall molar concentration of the ligand. Overall, the present results point out that ruthenium coordination may represent an effective strategy to improve the pharmacological properties of oxicam drugs reducing their undesired side effects.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Coordination Complexes; Cytochromes c; Drug Stability; Edema; Hindlimb; Humans; Ligands; Male; Muramidase; Piroxicam; Protein Binding; Quantum Theory; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Ruthenium Compounds; Serum Albumin; Solubility

The purpose of this study was to develop transdermal films (TFs) with the addition of different polymer ratios that incorporated 0.5% tenoxicam in order to ensure maximum controlled and sustained drug release capacity. Tenoxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) widely used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases and characterized by its efficacy and reduced side effects in comparison to other NSAIDs.. Transdermal films of tenoxicam were designed with the Eudragit L30D-55copolymer with permeation enhancers like polyethylene glycol (PEG) and propylene glycol (PG) incorporated at different concentrations using the casting evaporation technique. Evaluations of these formulae were performed through mechanical characterizations and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy [FTIR]. In-vitro release studies were performed during 24h using diffusion cells. The film formulations with optimum in vitro-release rate have been taken up for testing of the anti-inflammatory effects and the sustaining action of tenoxicam. The in-vivo studies performed included carrageenan-induced hind paw edema and skin biopsies in Wistar rats.. Formulation (F7) had the best effective combination [glycerol (0.25g), PEG200 (0.5g), PEG400 (1g) and PG (10%) and 0.5% dispersed drug] among all of the tenoxicam TF formulations studied. Also, this formula had the highest release value than formula 1 (F1) that contains [glycerol (2.5g), PEG200 (0.5g), PEG400 (0.5g) and 0.5% dissolved drug] or a commercially available gel after 24h. FTIR revealed that there was an interaction between the polymer and the drug. The drug-polymer interaction occurring between tenoxicam and Eudragit L30D-55 seems to cause a drag effect, leading to a delay of the tenoxicam release from the Eudragit L film.. When the films were applied half an hour before the subplantar injection of carrageenan in the hind paw of Wistar rats, it was observed that formula F7 provided maximum inhibition of paw edema in rats over 24h in contrast to both formula F1 and the marketed piroxicam gel as a reference. This was also confirmed histopathologically from skin biopsies. Thus, we show that tenoxicam can be formulated into transdermal films to sustain its release characteristics, and the polymeric composition of PEG200/PEG400 at a ratio of 1:2 and 10% PG was found to be the best choice to manufacture tenoxicam TF.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Edema; Lower Extremity; Male; Methacrylates; Piroxicam; Polyethylene Glycols; Polymers; Propylene Glycol; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Skin; Transdermal Patch

A series of thiophene [3,2-b] pyrrole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated their abilities to inhibit anti-inflammatory activity. In this series, substituent effects at the N-1, 2 and 5 positions of thiophene [3,2-b] pyrrole were examined. The results obtained are compared to those previously reported anti-inflammatory drugs like Tenidap sodium, Diclofenac sodium and Piroxicam. The results indicated the critical role of the group linked in the N-1 position and 2, 5 positions of thiophene [3,2-b] pyrrole with different functional groups.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Edema; Female; Male; Piroxicam; Pyrroles; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thiophenes

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been widely used for the modulation of the inflammatory response. However, a number of facts involving the occurrence of gastrointestinal lesions have limited the chronic use of NSAIDs. In order to diminish the occurrence of gastrointestinal damage caused by NSAIDs, the combination of NSAIDs with the H2 receptor blocker, cimetidine, has been evaluated. The anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic effects of indomethacin and tenoxicam in association with or without cimetidine were determined at pre-clinical levels. It was observed that the group of animals treated with indomethacin and cimetidine, or tenoxicam and cimetidine (10 mg/kg, p.o.) demonstrated a significant reduction (P < 0.05, ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test) of type-III gastric ulcers. Furthermore, indomethacin or tenoxicam (10 mg/kg, p.o.) in association with cimetidine increased the anti-inflammatory activity. The group, which received indomethacin and cimetidine presented the best performance in decreasing the inflammatory process (P < 0.05, ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test).

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cimetidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Edema; Indomethacin; Male; Piroxicam; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stomach Ulcer

Oral administration of tenoxicam or zinc-tenoxicam complex inhibited to a similar extent carrageenin-induced paw oedema and granulomatous tissue formation in rats as well as the acetic acid induced writhing response in mice. Gastric lesions induced by oral administration of zinc-tenoxicam were reduced in number and severity when compared with those induced by tenoxicam or the co-administration of tenoxicam and zinc acetate. However, after intraperitoneal administration, both zinc-tenoxicam and tenoxicam plus zinc acetate induced a reduced number of gastric lesions as compared with tenoxicam.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Carrageenan; Edema; Male; Mice; Peptic Ulcer; Piroxicam; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Zinc Acetate

The synthesis of tenoxicam, 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-2-pyridyl-2H-thieno[2,3-e]-1,2-thiazine-3-carboxami de 1,1-dioxide (1e), and of the analogues with various residues on the ring nitrogen and the amide nitrogen is described. This new class of "oxicams" has pronounced antiinflammatory and analgesic properties. The very specific structure-activity relationship of isomeric and isosteric groups at the amide nitrogen has been evaluated. The substituent in position 2 also has a great influence on the pharmacological properties. Tenoxicam is presently undergoing clinical trials.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Edema; Piroxicam; Rats; Stomach Ulcer; Structure-Activity Relationship

The pharmacological profile of Ro 12-0068 as a new anti-inflammatory agent has been established in 9 different animal models and was compared with the profiles of 10 reference drugs. In adjuvant arthritis, scald-related edema and bradykinin-induced capillary permeability tests, the inhibitory potency of Ro 12-0068 was greater than findings in the case of diclofenac sodium which was the most potent agent available, while Ro 12-0068 exerted a stronger inhibitory effect on granuloma formation than did indomethacin. Anti-inflammatory potency of Ro 12-0068 in other models was equivalent to that of piroxicam. Ro 12-0068 was categorized as a potent anti-inflammatory agent and was grouped with diclofenac sodium, indomethacin and piroxicam, as compared to rather weak agents such as naproxen, carprofen, phenylbutazone, flufenamic, mefenamic, and acetylsalicylic acids. In fasting rats, ulcerogenicity of Ro 12-0068 in the gastric glandular and duodenal portions was weaker than that of indomethacin, appeared to be less than that of piroxicam and was equivalent to that of diclofenac sodium. Induction of fecal occult bleeding in dogs was markedly greater in case of indomethacin and piroxicam than with Ro 12-0068, within few days after oral treatment. Ro 12-0068 and piroxicam had much the same inhibitory effect on prostaglandin synthesis of inflammatory tissues and exudates from gastro-intestinal tissues. Nevertheless, therapeutic indices of Ro 12-0068 in rats were larger than those of piroxicam, in all models, and those of indomethacin in most cases. These results strongly suggest that Ro 12-0068 is a potent anti-inflammatory agent and that the occurrences of related gastro-intestinal disturbances are fewer.

Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis, Experimental; Capillary Permeability; Edema; Erythema; Exudates and Transudates; Female; Granuloma; Guinea Pigs; Male; Piroxicam; Prostaglandins E; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Thiazines