misoprostol and Chlamydia-Infections

Spontaneous abortion refers to pregnancy loss up to the end of 22 weeks' (21(+7)) gestation. Currently, the terminology suggests early pregnancy loss or early pregnancy failure. Miscarriage occurs in 10-20% of pregnancies, and most of them take place up to 13 weeks'gestation. Management in the case of vaginal bleeding in women with a confirmed pregnancy requires a physical examination (with a speculum), and a biochemical and ultrasound diagnosis. Conservative, pharmacological or surgical management can be offered to patients with an incomplete miscarriage. The pharmacological method of proceeding in miscarriages is recommended by many scientific societies (ACOG, RCOG), and WHO, as well as in manuals for students and for obstetrician-gynecologists developed by leading experts in Poland. The procedure for pharmacological treatment with mizoprostol is: 1. Pregnancy under 9 weeks gestation: 800 mg vaginally, and if there is no effect after 4 h another 400 mg vaginally or orally. 2. Pregnancy over 9 weeks gestation: up to 4 x 400 mg every 3 hours. 3. In the absence of any effect after 36 hours from the start of the treatment, a surgical procedure is recommended. 4. The prevention of chlamydia infection in each patient: 1 g of metronidazole rectally and one dose of 1 g azithromycin, or 2 x 100 mg of doxycycline for 7 days. The legal aspects regarding the administrative proceedings after early pregnancy failure relate to the correct reporting of feat death on proper forms.

Topics: Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; Abortion, Spontaneous; Administration, Intravaginal; Chlamydia Infections; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Misoprostol; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Pregnancy Trimester, First

To determine the risks of short term adverse events in adolescent and older women undergoing medical abortion.. Population based retrospective cohort study.. Finnish abortion register 2000-6.. All women (n = 27,030) undergoing medical abortion during 2000-6, with only the first induced abortion analysed for each woman.. Incidence of adverse events (haemorrhage, infection, incomplete abortion, surgical evacuation, psychiatric morbidity, injury, thromboembolic disease, and death) among adolescent (<18 years) and older (≥ 18 years) women through record linkage of Finnish registries and genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections detected concomitantly with abortion and linked with data from the abortion register for 2004-6.. During 2000-6, 3024 adolescents and 24,006 adults underwent at least one medical abortion. The rate of chlamydia infections was higher in the adolescent cohort (5.7% v 3.7%, P < 0.001). The incidence of adverse events among adolescents was similar or lower than that among the adults. The risks of haemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.77 to 0.99), incomplete abortion (0.69, 0.59 to 0.82), and surgical evacuation (0.78, 0.67 to 0.90) were lower in the adolescent cohort. In subgroup analysis of primigravid women, the risks of incomplete abortion (0.68, 0.56 to 0.81) and surgical evacuation (0.75, 0.64 to 0.88) were lower in the adolescent cohort. In logistic regression, duration of gestation was the most important risk factor for infection, incomplete abortion, and surgical evacuation.. The incidence of adverse events after medical abortion was similar or lower among adolescents than among older women. Thus, medical abortion seems to be at least as safe in adolescents as it is in adults.

Topics: Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; Abortifacient Agents, Steroidal; Abortion, Incomplete; Abortion, Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Chlamydia Infections; Female; Finland; Hemorrhage; Humans; Incidence; Mifepristone; Misoprostol; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; Registries; Risk Factors; Young Adult

From 2001 through March 2006, Planned Parenthood health centers throughout the United States provided medical abortion (abortion by means of medication) principally by a regimen of oral mifepristone followed 24 to 48 hours later by vaginal misoprostol. In response to concern about serious infections, in early 2006 Planned Parenthood changed the route of misoprostol administration from vaginal to buccal and required either routine provision of antibiotics or universal screening and treatment for chlamydia; in July 2007, Planned Parenthood began requiring routine treatment with antibiotics for all medical abortions.. We performed a retrospective analysis assessing the rates of serious infection after medical abortion during a time when misoprostol was administered vaginally (through March 2006), as compared with rates after a change to buccal administration of misoprostol and after initiation of additional infection-reduction measures.. Rates of serious infection dropped significantly after the joint change to buccal misoprostol from vaginal misoprostol and to either testing for sexually transmitted infection or routine provision of antibiotics as part of the medical abortion regimen. The rate declined 73%, from 0.93 per 1000 abortions to 0.25 per 1000 (absolute reduction, 0.67 per 1000; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44 to 0.94; P<0.001). The subsequent change to routine provision of antibiotics led to a further significant reduction in the rate of serious infection - a 76% decline, from 0.25 per 1000 abortions to 0.06 per 1000 (absolute reduction, 0.19 per 1000; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.34; P=0.03).. The rate of serious infection after medical abortion declined by 93% after a change from vaginal to buccal administration of misoprostol combined with routine administration of antibiotics.

Topics: Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; Abortion, Induced; Administration, Buccal; Administration, Intravaginal; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bacterial Infections; Chlamydia Infections; Female; Humans; Misoprostol; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Sexually Transmitted Diseases