misoprostol and Body-Weight

To assess the effect of anthropometric characteristics related to weight on medical pregnancy termination with misoprostol.. In this prospective cohort study, 454 women admitted for medical pregnancy termination in the first or second trimester took 400 microg of misoprostol sublingually plus 800 microg of misoprostol vaginally or orally. The regimen was readministered after 24 hours if there was no response or the abortion was incomplete, and surgical evacuation was done when needed. Linear regression was performed for possible correlations between the studied characteristics and treatment process and outcome.. There was no correlation between the number of misoprostol administrations and any of the studied anthropometric characteristics. The numbers of both misoprostol administrations and surgical interventions were associated with oral administration.. The route of misoprostol administration, but not anthropometric characteristics related to weight, were found to be associated with the success of pregnancy termination with misoprostol.

Topics: Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; Abortion, Induced; Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Administration, Sublingual; Adult; Anthropometry; Body Weight; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Misoprostol; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Prospective Studies; Young Adult

We compared labor induced by vaginal misoprostol versus a supracervical Foley catheter and oral misoprostol. Singleton pregnancies at > or = 24 weeks' gestation were randomized to either an initial 25-microg dose of intravaginal misoprostol, followed by 50-microg intravaginal doses at 3- to 6-hour intervals, or a supracervical Foley balloon and 100 microg of oral misoprostol at 4- to 6-hour intervals. Primary outcome was time from induction to delivery. One hundred twenty-six women were randomized to vaginal misoprostol alone (group I) and 106 women to Foley and oral misoprostol (group II). The groups were similar in age, weight, gestational age, parity, indication for induction of labor, and oxytocin use. Cesarean delivery rates at 37% and cesarean indications were similar ( P = 0.25). The time from induction to delivery in group II (12.9 hours) was significantly shorter than that in group I (17.8 hours, P < 0.001). Uterine tachysystole occurred less often in the vaginal misoprostol group (21% versus 39%, P = 0.015). Compared with vaginal misoprostol, delivery within 24 hours was significantly more likely with a Foley balloon and oral misoprostol. The use of terbutaline and peripartum outcomes were similar in the two groups.

Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Adult; Age Factors; Body Weight; Catheterization; Cervix Uteri; Cesarean Section; Delivery, Obstetric; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Fetal Monitoring; Gestational Age; Heart Rate, Fetal; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Labor, Induced; Misoprostol; Oxytocics; Parity; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Prospective Studies; Terbutaline; Time Factors; Tocolytic Agents; Uterine Contraction; Young Adult

To determine the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) tract bleeding in dogs undergoing spinal surgery with adjunct corticosteroid treatment, and to determine the protective efficacy of cimetidine, sucralfate, and misoprostol against such bleeding in these dogs.. 40 dogs that underwent spinal surgery.. Myelography and surgery were performed on the first or second day of hospitalization. Methylprednisolone sodium succinate was given at a dosage of 30 mg/kg of body weight prior to myelography, followed by a second full or half dose 2 to 4 hours later at clinician discretion. Spinal surgery was performed in conventional manner, postoperative administration of analgesics was done, and dogs were fed a diet lacking red meat. Dogs were assigned at random to 1 of the 3 treatment groups or to the control group. Dogs of the treatment groups received cimetidine, sucralfate, or misoprostol. Physical examination and determination of PCV and serum total protein values were performed daily. A fecal sample was examined daily for gross and occult blood.. 36 of 40 dogs had GI tract bleeding during a hospitalization period of 3 to 6 days. There was no significant difference in development of bleeding between the control group and any of the treatment groups.. Gastrointestinal tract bleeding occurred in 90% of dogs undergoing spinal surgery combined with administration of methylprednisilone sodium succinate, a higher rate than that found in previous studies. This bleeding was not life-threatening. Prophylactic benefit from any of the GI protectants tested was not found.

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Blood Loss, Surgical; Body Weight; Cimetidine; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Incidence; Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate; Misoprostol; Myelography; Occult Blood; Spine; Sucralfate

We investigated the potential hepatoprotective effects of misoprostol (MP) on doxorubicin (DOX) induced liver injury in rats using histology and biochemistry. We used 21 male Sprague-Dawley rats divided randomly into three groups: group 1, control; group 2, DOX; group 3, DOX + MP. The control group was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 0.5 ml 0.9% w/v NaCl and given 1 ml 0.9% NaCl orally for 6 days. DOX was administered i.p. as a single dose of 20 mg/kg. MP, 0.2 mg/kg, was given orally for 6 days. Treatment with MP increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and decreased serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and total cholesterol levels significantly in serum. Increased malondialdehyde level and decreased catalase, glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels caused by DOX were suppressed significantly in liver tissue by MP. DOX + MP reduced loss of body weight. Oxidative stress was decreased, antioxidant activity was increased and histopathological changes were reduced in the DOX + MP group compared to the DOX group. Liver injury caused by DOX was attenuated by MP treatment owing to the antioxidative and anti-apoptotic effects of MP, which might be useful for reducing the severity of DOX induced liver injury.

Topics: Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; Animals; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Catalase; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Doxorubicin; Glutathione; Male; Misoprostol; Oxidative Stress; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Superoxide Dismutase

Radiotherapy used in the treatment of bone and soft tissue sarcomas in pediatric patients often results in undesirable growth plate damage. Radioprotectants may hold promise in the selective protection of growth plate tissue in this setting. In an animal model, the hypothesis tested was that pentoxifylline, selenium, or misoprostol, used in combination with amifostine, would significantly reduce longitudinal growth loss during one radiation dose exposure to a greater extent than the protection provided by only amifostine without increased morbidity or mortality or adverse effects on bone mineral density. Amifostine alone and in combination with each of the other radioprotectants resulted in limb discrepancy reduction to levels significantly less than radiated controls. The tibial length discrepancy in the selenium and amifostine group was 12.1 +/- 0.8%, less than the 15.5 +/- 2.6% tibial length discrepancy in the animals treated with amifostine alone, and less than the mean 18.8% tibial length discrepancy in the radiated limbs without radioprotection. There were no adverse effects on bone density in any group, but the selenium and amifostine group showed some increased mortality. Combinations of amifostine with these radioprotectants show efficacy in growth plate radioprotection and therefore warrant additional study in a clinically relevant fractionated model.

Topics: Amifostine; Animals; Body Weight; Bone Density; Bone Development; Drug Therapy, Combination; Femur; Growth Plate; Leg Length Inequality; Male; Misoprostol; Pentoxifylline; Radiation Dosage; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Radiation-Protective Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Selenium; Tibia

The nephrotoxic side effects of the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A in animals and humans are well known. Misoprostol, a prostaglandin E analog, is used clinically in organ-transplant recipients taking cyclosporin A to protect against these side effects. We reported previously that long-term treatment of rats with cyclosporin A causes a diminution in myocardial peak contractile stress. There is an associated spontaneous sarcomere activity and rest depression of force in the absence of a change in myofilaments sensitivity to intracellular Ca2+. Here we investigated the potential protective effects of misoprostol on the myocardium of cyclosporin A-treated rats. Rats were treated with either cyclosporin A, misoprostol, or their combination. Force-[Ca2+]o and -[Sr2+]o, and force-interval relations as well as the sarcomere length were studied in trabeculae isolated from the right ventricles. At suboptimal [Ca2+]o, cyclosporin A shifted the force-[Ca2+]o relation to the left but reduced peak contractile stress by approximately 35% at the highest (optimal) [Ca2+]o. Co-treatment with misoprostol prevented the leftward shift, and treatment with misoprostol alone did not cause a leftward shift. The diminution of peak stress, however, did not recover with misoprostol treatment, and stress was further reduced. Treatment with only misoprostol also reduced stress generated by the muscles more than that by cyclosporin A alone. Intriguingly, activation of the myofilaments by Sr2+ failed to recover peak stress to control levels in any group treated with misoprostol. Unlike cyclosporin A, however, rest potentiation of force was more pronounced, and spontaneous sarcomere activity was absent with misoprostol. No histopathologic changes were observed with cyclosporin A or misoprostol treatment. Misoprostol modifies the cyclosporin A-induced changes in the Ca2+ handling, but further decreases the stress generated by the muscles.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cyclosporine; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Heart; Immunosuppressive Agents; In Vitro Techniques; Misoprostol; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Pilot Projects; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Sarcomeres; Strontium

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have well-characterized inhibitory effects on gastric ulcer healing. A new class of gastrointestinal-sparing, nitric oxide-releasing NSAID derivatives has been recently described. This study was performed to determine if one of these compounds (nitrofenac) would influence healing of a preexisting ulcer.. Seven days after induction of gastric ulcer with serosal acetic acid, daily oral treatment with antiinflammatory doses of diclofenac, nitrofenac, or vehicle was started. After 7 days of treatment, the ulcer area was measured. The effects of misoprostol and two drugs that show in vitro selectivity for inhibiting cyclooxygenase 2 (nabumetone and L745,337) were also assessed.. Diclofenac, nabumetone, and L745,337 had no effect on ulcer healing when compared with vehicle. Only diclofenac significantly decreased hematocrit and weight gain. On the other hand, nitrofenac significantly accelerated healing. Glyceryl trinitrate also significantly and dose dependently accelerated healing. Nitrofenac suppressed cyclooxygenase 1 activity to a similar extent as diclofenac.. These results show that an NO-releasing NSAID derivative and an NO donor could accelerate ulcer healing, whereas a standard NSAID, misoprostol, and two inhibitors of cyclooxygenase 2 had no effect. In addition to sparing the gastrointestinal tract, NO-releasing NSAIDs, despite suppressing cyclooxygenase activity, are capable of accelerating tissue repair.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Body Weight; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Diclofenac; Gastric Acid; Hematocrit; Male; Misoprostol; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stomach Ulcer; Thromboxane B2

Misoprostol (MSP) is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 methyl analogue indicated for the prevention of gastric ulcers induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Because of its abortifacient properties, MSP has been extensively misused for abortion induction in Brazil. Since abortion induction with MSP very often fails and pregnancy continues to term, there has been increasing concern regarding the potential teratogenicity of this PGE1 analogue in humans. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the embryotoxicity of MSP in mice. A single dose of MSP (20 or 30 mg/kg body weight) was administered to Han:NMRI mice (ca 60 days old) by gavage on day 10 of pregnancy. The number of treated mice was as follows: control, 19; MSP 20 mg/kg, 10; MSP 30 mg/kg, 28. Cesarean sections were performed on day 18 of pregnancy and the number of resorptions and implantation sites were recorded. Fetuses were weighed, examined for external malformations, fixed, cleared and stained with Alizarin Red S for skeleton evaluation. No evidence of embryotoxicity was found at the lower dose tested. A slight and reversible deficit in pregnancy weight gain (day 10-11: control, 1.3 +/- 0.3 g; MSP 20 mg/kg, -0.9 +/- 0.9 g; MSP 30 mg/kg, -1.7 +/- 0.6 g) was the only sign of maternal toxicity noted in both groups of mice treated with misoprostol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Body Weight; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Misoprostol; Pregnancy; Weight Gain

The effect of long-term misoprostol - a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue - ingestion on rat gastric morphology and cell turnover was studied. Misoprostol in a daily dose of 90 micrograms/kg or 9,000 micrograms/kg was intragastrically administered to rats. Control rats were treated with the vehicle only. Following 90 days of treatment, 3H thymidine was injected i.v. and rats were sacrificed 1 h later. Tissue sections were prepared from the stomach body and subjected to autoradiography. Misoprostol treatment significantly reduced body weight gain. High dose misoprostol treatment induced significant increases in gastric wall thickness and in gastric gland length. On the other hand, the labelling index was significantly reduced by treatment with high dose misoprostol. These results indicate that chronic administration of misoprostol in high doses increases gastric wall thickness and decreases gastric cell turnover, suggesting that administration of prostanoids causes an increase in cell survival and a decrease in cell shedding.

Topics: Alprostadil; Animals; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Body Weight; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Misoprostol; Rats; Stomach; Thymidine; Time Factors