minocycline and Wounds-and-Injuries

Mycobacterium abscessus is the most pathogenic and chemotherapy-resistant rapid-growing mycobacterium. It is commonly associated with contaminated traumatic skin wounds and with post-surgical soft tissue infections. It is also one of the mycobacteria that are most often isolated from cystic fibrosis patients. It is essential to differentiate this species from the formerly indistinct "M. chelonae-complex", as chemotherapy is especially difficult in M. abscessussenso strictu. Clarithromycin or azithromycin are the only regular oral antimycobacterial agents with an effect on M. abscessus, and should preferably be supplemented with other drugs since long-term monotherapy may cause resistance. Amikacin is a major parenteral drug against M. abscessus that should also be given in combination with another drug. The recently introduced drug tigecycline may prove to be an important addition to chemotherapy, but has yet to be fully clinically evaluated as an antimycobacterial agent. Surgery can be curative, or at least helpful, in the healing of M. abscessus infection, and if conducted, it should include the removal of all foreign or necrotic material. There is increasing awareness of M. abscessus as an emerging pathogen.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Amikacin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Clarithromycin; Cystic Fibrosis; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Skin; Soft Tissue Infections; Species Specificity; Surgical Wound Infection; Tigecycline; Tuberculosis, Cutaneous; Wounds and Injuries

Neonatal surgical injury exacerbates spinal microglial reactivity, modifies spinal synaptic function, leading to exaggerated pain hypersensitivity after adult repeated incision. Whether and how the alteration in microglial reactivity and synaptic plasticity are functionally related remain unclear. Previously, we and others have documented that spinal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), secreted from microglia, contributes to long-term potentiation (LTP) in adult rodents with neuropathic pain. Here, we demonstrated that the mRNA and protein expression of spinal BDNF are significantly upregulated in adult rats subjected to neonatal incision and adult repeated incision (nIN-IN). Neonatal incision facilitates spinal LTP induced by BDNF or high frequency electrical stimulation after adult incision, including a decreased induction threshold and an increased magnitude of LTP. Coincidently, inhibition of spinal BDNF abrogates the LTP facilitation, alleviates the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in nIN-IN rats. By contrast, spinal application of exogenous BDNF in the adult rats with a single neonatal incision mimics the LTP facilitation and pain hypersensitivity, which have been found in nIN-IN rats. Exogenous BDNF-induced exacerbation of pain hypersensitivity could be blocked by BDNF inhibitor. In addition, blockade of microglial reactivity by intrathecal application of minocycline attenuates the elevation of BDNF and the LTP facilitation, and also, alleviates pain hypersensitivity in nIN-IN rats. In conclusion, spinal BDNF, at least partly derived from microglia, contributes to the neonatal incision-induced facilitation of spinal LTP and to the exacerbation of incisional pain in adult rats. Thus, spinal BDNF may combine the changes of microglial reactivity and synaptic plasticity in nIN-IN rats.

Topics: Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Hot Temperature; Hyperalgesia; Long-Term Potentiation; Male; Microglia; Minocycline; Pain, Postoperative; Random Allocation; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Touch; Wounds and Injuries

Fifty two clinical isolates of K. oxytoca were included. All of analysed strains were isolated from wound swabs. The aim of this study was to evaluate MIC value of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, tigecycline and ciprofloxacin. The susceptibility to amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and tigecycline was tested by the Etest. The susceptibility to ciprofloxacine was tested by the agar dilution method. Among of analysed K. oxytoca strains 44 (84.6%) were susceptible to tigecycline, 27 (51.9%) to amoxicilline with clavulanic acid and 21 (40.4%) to ciprofloxacine. These data suggest that tigecycline, may be an effective therapeutic option for the treatment infections caused by K. oxytoca strains.

Topics: Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Clavulanic Acid; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Klebsiella oxytoca; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Tigecycline; Wounds and Injuries

The purpose of this study was to develop a minocycline-loaded wound dressing with an enhanced healing effect. The cross-linked hydrogel films were prepared with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan using the freeze-thawing method. Their gel properties, in vitro protein adsorption, release, in vivo wound healing effect and histopathology were then evaluated. Chitosan decreased the gel fraction, maximum strength and thermal stability of PVA hydrogel, while it increased the swelling ability, water vapour transmission rate, elasticity and porosity of PVA hydrogel. Incorporation of minocycline (0.25%) did not affect the gel properties, and chitosan hardly affected drug release and protein adsorption. Furthermore, the minocycline-loaded wound dressing composed of 5% PVA, 0.75% chitosan and 0.25% drug was more swellable, flexible and elastic than PVA alone because of relatively weak cross-linking interaction of chitosan with PVA. In wound healing test, this minocycline-loaded PVA-chitosan hydrogel showed faster healing of the wound made in rat dorsum than the conventional product or the control (sterile gauze) due to antifungal activity of chitosan. In particular, from the histological examination, the healing effect of minocycline-loaded hydrogel was greater than that of the drug-loaded hydrogel, indicating the potential healing effect of minocycline. Thus, the minocycline-loaded wound dressing composed of 5% PVA, 0.75% chitosan and 0.25% drug is a potential wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing.

Topics: Animals; Bandages, Hydrocolloid; Chitosan; Hydrogels; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Minocycline; Polyvinyl Alcohol; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Skin; Solubility; Surface Properties; Tensile Strength; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries

A total of 206 clinical isolates of Finegoldia magna were collected during the period 2007-2009 from six European countries. The majority of isolates were from body fluids (n = 83; 40.3%) or wounds (n = 82; 39.8%). All isolates were susceptible to tigecycline, meropenem, metronidazole and piperacillin / tazobactam, though susceptibility to penicillin (86.4-87.4%) and clindamycin (78.2-93.3%) were more variable.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Fluids; Europe; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Tigecycline; Wounds and Injuries

A sensitive and rapid reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography assay can be used to accurately determine serum and tissue minocycline concentrations. Minocycline is a broad spectrum tetracycline derivative with many applications. Tissue and serum samples were obtained from guinea pigs that had received either topical or intravenous minocycline. Samples were extracted using a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge and were injected into a microBondapak C18 column with an isocratic methanol mobile phase. Samples were analyzed using UV detection and produced sharp peaks with a retention time of 2.5 min. The lower limit of detection was 100 ng and drug recovery was 61%. This method greatly facilitated the analysis of minocycline while allowing for sensitivity.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Guinea Pigs; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Minocycline; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Wounds and Injuries