minocycline and Pulmonary-Fibrosis

In addition to its antimicrobial effects, inhibitory effects of minocycline have been demonstrated, including against inflammation, apoptosis, proteolysis, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis. In this study, we aimed to determine the beneficial effects of minocycline on lung histology and its antioxidant activity in a murine model of pulmonary fibrosis.. Twenty-eight Swiss albino mice were randomly allocated into four groups of seven animals per group. Group I (control group) received intraperitoneal injection of saline. Group II (methotrexate group) received methotrexate orally 3 mg/kg for 28 days. Group III (minocycline group) received methotrexate orally 3 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg of intraperitoneally injected minocycline for 28 days. Group IV (minocycline group) received 15 mg/kg of intraperitoneally injected minocycline for 28 days. Twenty-eight days later, the animals were euthanized. Thereafter, lung tissue samples were harvested. Histological findings of airways were evaluated by light microscopy. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), the product of reactive oxygen in lung tissue, and catalase, an antioxidant enzyme, were also determined.. In the light microscopic examination, the lung tissues of the control group showed normal histological features. In the methotrexate group, the degree of lung damage (grade 3 fibrosis) was higher than the control and other groups (p: 0.001). In the minocycline-treated group, improvement in lung tissue was noted (median fibrosis score: 3 (MTX group) vs 1 (MTX plus minocycline group); p: 0.001). Only the minocycline group showed normal histological features. Although minocycline reduced the MDA levels in lung tissue, an increase in catalase activity was detected (p: 0.018 and p: 0.014, respectively).. The administration of minocycline may be effective in MTX-induced lung fibrosis in mice. However, further studies with high-dose and long-term treatments are needed.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Catalase; Cytoprotection; Disease Models, Animal; Lung; Malondialdehyde; Methotrexate; Mice; Minocycline; Oxidative Stress; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Time Factors

We present three cases of rare side effects which appeared to be attributable to antibacterial drug treatment. A 57-year-old female patient was admitted to hospital due to increasing dyspnea. Computed tomography revealed interstitial lung fibrosis which was attributed to the toxic effects of nitrofurantoin (50 mg/d) that the patient used for approximately one year for recurrent urinary tract infection. She died two weeks after hospital admission due to acute respiratory failure. A 20-year-old male patient presented with most intense headache and psychomotor deceleration. Pseudotumor cerebri, which was suspected to be the underlying cause, is described as a rare side effect of minocyclin which the patient has taken for acne pustulosa (100 mg single dose). After dechallenge of minocyclin, neurological symptoms quickly subsided. A 82-year-old female patient used moxifloxacin (400 mg/d) for febrile bronchopulmonary infection for one week. During this therapy, confusion and severe dementia presented and remained for more than two months after discontinuation. The demential syndrome appears to be possibly related to the fluoroquinolone use. In summary, adverse drug effects not pertaining to the primary physician's field are especially difficult to identify. Most importantly, rare side effects must be borne in mind by the prescribing physician.

Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Aza Compounds; Dementia; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Moxifloxacin; Nitrofurantoin; Pseudotumor Cerebri; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Quinolines; Young Adult

To clarify the management and treatment for the refractory cases of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP), we analyzed the clinical features in SSP complicating three cases of advanced silicosis, and discussed the available treatment. All three cases were males of age ranging from 60 to 70 years, and had silicosis with massive progressive fibrosis (PMF), classified as type 4 (PR4) according to the ILO guidelines. There was no correlation between the onset of SSP and the smoking habit, or the duration of the occupational exposure to silica. In a total of ten episodes of SSP, a refractory episode occurred in each of the three patients. No surgical treatment was possible because of some complications. Therefore, we administered conservative treatments under mechanical ventilation. The conservative treatments used were tube drainage with suction in each episode and pleurodesis by the combination of minocycline and OK-432 in one case. Approximately one month was the average time required for the air leak cessation. A significant decline in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) was observed after the treatment of one case, suggesting further respiratory deterioration. These results imply that the more aggressive treatments for refractory SSP should be limited because of the patient status and progression. More information might be required before performing these options safely and effectively.

Topics: Aged; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Picibanil; Pneumothorax; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Radiography; Respiration, Artificial; Silicosis

We reported a case of fibrosing alveolitis following Legionella pneumonia. A 62-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with fever after a visit to a hot spring. Chest X-ray films on admission demonstrated air-space consolidation in the right lower lung. Legionella pneumonia was diagnosed because the patient had elevated serum antibody to Legionella pneumophila serogroup Ia and tested positive for urinary antigen. Although he was initially treated with rifampicin and erythromycin, he experienced drug-induced eruptions. Antibiotic therapy was accordingly changed to clarithromycin, levofloxacin, and minocycline, which together alleviated the patient's clinical symptoms but delayed radiologic regression. Chest X-ray films 2 months after the onset of illness revealed diffuse ground-glass opacities and progressive reduction of volume in the right lung. Long-term corticosteroid treatment was required. Three and half months after disease onset, fever recurred with the appearance of interstitial shadows in the left lung and positive tests for urinary antigen. Increasing the corticosteroid dose resolved the patient's symptoms.

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Clarithromycin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Legionnaires' Disease; Levofloxacin; Male; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Ofloxacin; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Pulse Therapy, Drug; Steroids; Treatment Outcome

Nocardiosis is a subacute or chronic suppurative infection caused by Nocardia species. Although it is more common in immunocompromised hosts, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has not been recognized as a predisposing factor for nocardial infection. We report a case of IPF, in which pulmonary nocardiosis developed during treatment with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide. The risk of pulmonary nocardiosis may be increased in cases of IPF on immunosuppressive therapy. Since IPF often accompanies lung carcinoma, it is important to correctly differentiate nocardiosis from carcinoma.

Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Causality; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Minocycline; Nocardia Infections; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Prednisolone; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Sputum; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Topics: Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Minocycline; Pulmonary Fibrosis

Topics: Benzamidines; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Guanidines; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Meningitis; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Scrub Typhus

Hyperpigmentation, pulmonary infiltration, and erythema nodosum occurred in a patient receiving long-term minocycline therapy. Bronchoalveolar lavage revealed both a neutrophilic and an eosinophilic alveolitis. The pulmonary and systemic symptoms promptly resolved after discontinuation of minocycline.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Erythema Nodosum; Female; Humans; Minocycline; Neutrophils; Pigmentation Disorders; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Tetracyclines

Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Pneumonia; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Tetracyclines