minocycline and Malaria

The impact of green-synthesised mosquitocidal nanoparticles on non-target aquatic predators is poorly studied. In this research, we proposed a single-step method to synthesise silver nanoparticles (Ag NP) using the seed extract of Melia azedarach. Ag NP were characterised using a variety of biophysical methods, including UV-vis spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In laboratory assays on Anopheles stephensi, Ag NP showed LC50 ranging from 2.897 (I instar larvae) to 14.548 ppm (pupae). In the field, the application of Ag NP (10 × LC50) lead to complete elimination of larval populations after 72 h. The application of Ag NP in the aquatic environment did not show negative adverse effects on predatory efficiency of the mosquito natural enemy Cyclops vernalis. Overall, this study highlights the concrete possibility to employ M. azedarach-synthesised Ag NP on young instars of malaria vectors.

Topics: Animals; Anopheles; Green Chemistry Technology; Insect Control; Insecticides; Larva; Lethal Dose 50; Malaria; Melia; Minocycline; Nanoparticles; Plant Extracts; Predatory Behavior; Seeds; Silver; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Several antibiotics have shown promising anti-malarial effects and have been useful for malarial chemotherapy, particularly in combination with standard anti-malarial drugs. Tigecycline, a semi-synthetic derivative of minocycline with a unique and novel mechanism of action, is the first clinically available drug in a new class of glycylcycline antibiotics.. Tigecycline was tested in vitro against chloroquine (CQ)-sensitive (D6) and resistant strains (W2) of Plasmodium falciparum alone and in combination with CQ. Tigecycline was also tested in vivo in combination with CQ in Plasmodium berghei-mouse malaria model for parasitaemia suppression, survival and cure of the malaria infection.. Tigecycline was significantly more active against CQ-resistant (W2) than CQ-susceptible (D6) strain of P. falciparum. Tigecycline potentiated the anti-malarial action of CQ against the CQ-resistant strain of P. falciparum by more than seven-fold. Further, treatment of mice infected with P. berghei with tigecycline (ip) produced significant suppression in parasitaemia development and also prolonged the mean survival time. Treatment with as low as 3.7 mg/kg dose of tigecycline, once daily for four days, produced 77-91% suppression in parasitaemia. In vivo treatment with tigecycline in combination with subcurative doses of CQ produced complete cure in P. berghei-infected mice.. Results indicate prominent anti-malarial action of tigecycline in vitro and in vivo in combination with CQ and support further evaluation of tigecycline as a potential combination candidate for treatment of drug-resistant cases of malaria.

Topics: Animals; Antimalarials; Chloroquine; Disease Models, Animal; Malaria; Male; Mice; Minocycline; Parasitemia; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Plasmodium berghei; Plasmodium falciparum; Tigecycline

Topics: Animals; Female; Macaca mulatta; Malaria; Male; Minocycline; Plasmodium; Primaquine; Recurrence; Tetracyclines

Topics: Adult; Chloroquine; Drug Combinations; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Malaria; Male; Minocycline; Plasmodium falciparum; Pyrimethamine; Sulfadoxine; Sulfanilamides; Tetracyclines

Topics: Animals; Erythromycin; Haplorhini; Malaria; Minocycline; Plasmodium; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Clindamycin; Drug Resistance; Erythrocytes; Female; Malaria; Mice; Minocycline; Plasmodium berghei; Tetracyclines

Minocycline is a semi-synthetic tetracycline derivative which is well absorbed and distributed in body tissues and is suitable for twice daily administration. It appears to be as generally effective as other tetracyclines and analogues, but also to be effective in infections due to tetracycline-resistant staphylococci. Side-effects are typical of those of other tetracyclines, but minocycline has been associated with a high incidence of vertigo in some studies. On the other hand, minocycline appears to have little or no photosensitising potential. It is not yet clear whether minocycline can be safely used in patients with moderate or severe impairment of renal function, but if used in renal failure, the plasma urea concentration should be monitored.

Topics: Bacteria; Candida; Cholera; Humans; Malaria; Meningococcal Infections; Minocycline; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Tetracyclines; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Animals; Chloroquine; Drug Combinations; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Malaria; Mice; Minocycline; Plasmodium berghei; Rodent Diseases; Spectrum Analysis; Tetracycline

Topics: Animals; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Malaria; Mice; Minocycline; Plasmodium berghei; Tetracycline

Topics: Anopheles; Chloroquine; Drug Resistance; Erythrocytes; Humans; Malaria; Male; Minocycline; Plasmodium falciparum; Tetracycline; Vietnam