minocycline and Eye-Diseases

Ocular hypertension (OHT) is a serious adverse effect of the widely prescribed glucocorticoid (GC) therapy and, if left undiagnosed, it can lead to glaucoma and complete blindness. Previously, we have shown that the small chemical chaperone, sodium-4-phenylbutyrate (PBA), rescues GC-induced OHT by reducing ocular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, the exact mechanism of how PBA rescues GC-induced OHT is not completely understood. The trabecular meshwork (TM) is a filter-like specialized contractile tissue consisting of TM cells embedded within extracellular matrix (ECM) that controls intraocular pressure (IOP) by constantly regulating aqueous humor (AH) outflow. Induction of abnormal ECM deposition in TM is a hallmark of GC-induced OHT. Here, we investigated whether PBA reduces GC-induced OHT by degrading abnormal ECM deposition in TM using mouse model of GC-induced OHT, ex vivo cultured human TM tissues and primary human TM cells. We show that topical ocular eye drops of PBA (1%) significantly lowers elevated IOP in mouse model of GC-induced OHT. Importantly, PBA prevents synthesis and deposition of GC-induced ECM in TM. We report for the first time that PBA can degrade existing abnormal ECM in normal human TM cells/tissues by inducing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)9 expression and activity. Furthermore, inhibition of MMPs activity by chemical-inhibitor (minocycline) abrogated PBA's effect on ECM reduction and its associated ER stress. Our study indicates a non-chaperone activity of PBA via activation of MMP9 that degrades abnormal ECM accumulation in TM.

Topics: Animals; Aqueous Humor; Cornea; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Enzyme Activation; Extracellular Matrix; Eye Diseases; Fibronectins; Glaucoma; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Minocycline; Ocular Hypertension; Phenylbutyrates; Sodium; Trabecular Meshwork

In paediatric rosacea, ocular symptoms are often predominant. Literature about systemic therapy of paediatric ocular rosacea is sparse, though.. Analysis of children with ocular rosacea treated systemically, particularly addressing remission and recurrence rates.. Retrospective study reviewing the medical records of children with ocular rosacea treated with systemic antibiotic therapy. Nine of 19 patients were chosen for detailed analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first study in paediatric ocular rosacea requiring systemic therapy with a larger patient group and a longer follow-up (mean follow-up = 30.2 months).. 17 patients (89.5%) suffered from blepharitis, 15 patients (78.9%) from conjunctivitis, twelve patients (63.2%) from chalazia/styes and nine female patients (47.4%) from corneal involvement. We used erythromycin (n = 9) or roxithromycin (n = 1) in patients younger than 8 years and doxycycline (n = 8) or minocycline (n = 1) in patients older than 8 years. Seven of nine patients treated with erythromycin, one of eight patients treated with doxycycline and the patient treated with minocycline achieved a complete remission of ocular and cutaneous symptoms. Two of nine patients treated with erythromycin, seven of eight patients treated with doxycycline and the patient treated with roxithromycin achieved a partial remission. Relapses occurred in the patient treated with minocycline (cutaneous), two of eight patients treated with doxycycline (ocular and cutaneous) and one of nine patients treated with erythromycin (cutaneous).. To achieve a complete remission of cutaneous and ocular rosacea, a long-term anti-inflammatory treatment of at least 6 months is necessary. The relapse rates seem to be lower than in adults especially in the patients treated with erythromycin.

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Doxycycline; Erythromycin; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Minocycline; Recurrence; Remission Induction; Retrospective Studies; Rosacea; Roxithromycin; Skin Diseases

Malignant syphilis is now considered a rare disease, more commonly affecting individuals with poor health, malnutrition or HIV infection. We present a 34-year-old man with HIV infection who developed multiple atypical cutaneous ulcerations, leonine facies, a scleral nodule and keratitis with visual loss. The diagnosis of malignant syphilis was delayed due to the insidious presentation, but was confirmed via immunohistochemical (IHC) staining with anti-Treponema antibodies of a skin biopsy. Significant clinical improvement was observed following a 15-day course of penicillin and tigecycline therapy. In advanced HIV disease, cutaneous manifestations are often difficult to identify and present a challenge for the clinician. Clinical manifestations of secondary syphilis vary greatly, earning the epigram of 'the great imitator'. It is important to recognize atypical presentations of syphilis, especially among HIV-infected individuals. Unlike historical cases of malignant syphilis, Treponema pallidum was found in the tissue section using IHC staining methods. We emphasize the importance of lues maligna in the differential diagnosis of HIV-infected patients with diffuse ulceronodular lesions as well as the usefulness of histological investigations and IHC studies.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biopsy; Eye Diseases; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Minocycline; Penicillins; Syphilis; Tigecycline; Treatment Outcome; Treponema pallidum

Minocycline-induced cutaneous and nail bed discoloration, although uncommon, should be closely watched for during treatment. The initial changes may be subtle and may mimic other processes that may deceive both patient and physician. Patients should be counseled about the remote possibility of pigmentation with the understanding that any such changes should resolve upon discontinuation of the drug. The time required for resolution depends upon the degree of pigmentation and may take longer than a year in extensive cases.

Topics: Eye Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Nail Diseases; Pigmentation Disorders; Sclera; Tetracyclines