minocycline and Chlamydia-Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arteriosclerosis; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydophila pneumoniae; Clarithromycin; Humans; Minocycline

Topics: Chlamydia Infections; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Homosexuality; Humans; Infertility, Male; Lymphogranuloma Venereum; Male; Minocycline; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Tetracyclines; Urethritis; Uterine Cervicitis

To compare the efficacy and tolerability of minocycline versus doxycycline in the treatment of nongonococcal urethritis and mucopurulent cervicitis.. Randomized, double-blind trial.. Sexually transmitted disease clinics.. 151 men and 102 women with nongonococcal urethritis, mucopurulent cervicitis or whose sexual partner had either condition or a positive culture for Chlamydia trachomatis.. Minocycline, 100 mg nightly, or doxycycline, 100 mg twice daily, each administered for 7 days.. At each visit (days 14 +/- 3, 28 +/- 5, and 49 +/- 7) patients were questioned regarding symptoms, signs, drug compliance, and sexual contact. Cultures for C. trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma hominis were obtained at each visit.. 253 patients were enrolled (133, doxycycline; 120, minocycline). Chlamydia trachomatis was initially isolated from 31% of men and 39% of women. Men with a positive smear had a higher symptom/sign score (P < 0.001) and were more likely to have chlamydia (P = 0.004). Positive endocervical smears were not associated with symptoms or signs (P > 0.2) but correlated with isolation of chlamydia (P < 0.001). One hundred sixty-two patients (64%) completed the study. The proportion with urethritis or cervicitis did not differ by treatment group at any follow-up visit (P > 0.08). Unprotected sexual contact did not affect clinical or microbiological cure rates. Adverse effects occurred more frequently in the doxycycline group (men: 43% versus 26%; P = 0.05; women: 62% versus 35%; P = 0.009). Although the proportion with dizziness did not differ by drug administered (P = 0.1), dizziness was reported more often by women (11% versus 3%).. Minocycline, 100 mg nightly, was as effective as doxycycline, 100 mg twice daily, each given for 7 days in the treatment of nongonococcal urethritis and mucopurulent cervicitis. Vomiting and gastrointestinal upset occurred more frequently in the doxycycline group.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Double-Blind Method; Doxycycline; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Minocycline; Mycoplasma Infections; Recurrence; Suppuration; Ureaplasma Infections; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Urethritis; Uterine Cervicitis

Twenty-five infertile males with 5 or more pus cells per 1000 x field in their seminal fluid were randomly assigned to treatment with minocycline 200 mg daily for one (Group A) or two (Group B) weeks. At the end of the treatment period a statistically significant reduction of pus cells, and a statistically significant increase in the sperm count and the motile sperm were observed (Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test, p < 0.01). No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups (Mann Whitney U test). No toxicity was reported. In conclusion, minocycline improves the seminal indices, in infertile males with high pus cell count in their seminal fluid.

Topics: Adult; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Drug Administration Schedule; Epididymitis; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Minocycline; Semen; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility; Suppuration

A total of 2124 women who attended the Richmond Family Planning Association Clinic in Melbourne consecutively were screened for the presence or absence of Chlamydia trachomatis. One hundred and three women were found to have Chl. trachomatis infection of the cervix and were invited to participate in a clinical trial of minocycline and doxycycline for the treatment of chlamydial infection. A 10-day course of either drug resulted in a negative result of a chlamydial culture for all patients at the follow-up assessment, which occurred between 11 days to 12 weeks after the therapy. Minocycline and doxycycline showed equal effectiveness in the eradication of mycoplasmas in over 80% of the treated patients. Minocycline appeared to have a slight advantage with respect to the resolution of the gynaecological symptoms that were associated with the chlamydial infection. The number of adverse events that were recorded during the trial was similar for both treatment regimens. Gynaecological symptoms were associated with chlamydial infection in approximately 50% of the women in the study. The lack of association between chlamydial infection and gynaecological symptoms has led to the instigation of routine testing for the presence of Chlamydia spp. in young women who have more than one sexual partner.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Doxycycline; Female; Humans; Leukorrhea; Minocycline; Prospective Studies; Random Allocation; Sexual Partners; Tetracyclines; Uterine Cervical Diseases; Uterine Cervicitis

The authors report a study carried out on 82 patients affected with gonococcal urethritis, in order to investigate the activity of minocyclin in the prevention of postgonococcal urethritis.

Topics: Chlamydia Infections; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gonorrhea; Humans; Male; Minocycline; Spectinomycin; Tetracyclines; Urethritis

A double-blind placebo-controlled study of minocycline in 221 men with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) was undertaken. Techniques were used which enabled diagnoses of chlamydial and mycoplasmal infections to be made within 24 hours of a patient attending a clinic. All patients from whom Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated were treated with minocycline, while patients from whom Ureaplasma urealyticum or Mycoplasma hominis was isolated, or from whom no micro-organisms were isolated, were treated on a double-blind basis with either minocycline or placebo. Chlamydia were isolated from 77 (35%) patients and were eradicated by minocycline from 76 (99%). Ureaplasmas were isolated initially from 96 (43%) patients. Treatment with minocycline eradicated them from 43 of 52 (83%) patients, and they disappeared from six of 31 (19%) patients who were treated with placebo. After one week significantly more patients had responded clinically to minocycline than to placebo. The response to minocycline was not influenced by the microbiological status of the patients, which suggests that ureaplasmas are playing a similar role to chlamydia in the pathogenesis of the disease and that an antibiotic-sensitive micro-organism may be producing disease in the isolate-negative group. An immunological approach is required to resolve the problem of the persistent urethral inflammation which occurred despite eradication of the micro-organisms.

Topics: Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Male; Minocycline; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasmatales Infections; Tetracyclines; Ureaplasma; Urethritis

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between treatment outcomes of patients with urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infections and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and drug resistance genes.. The clinical data of 92 patients diagnosed with Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) infections were collected. Of these patients, 28 received regular treatment with azithromycin and 64 received minocycline. All patients underwent three monthly follow-ups after the completion of treatment. The microdilution method was used for the in vitro susceptibility tests. The acquisition of 23S rRNA mutations and presence of the tet(M) gene were detected by gene amplification and sequencing.. The MICs of azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline were comparable for isolates from the treatment failure and treatment success groups. Higher detection rates of 23S rRNA gene mutations and tet(M) were found in the treatment failure group (57.14% and 71.43%, respectively) than in the treatment success group (14.29% and 30.23%, respectively) (p < 0.05). The A2057G, C2452A, and T2611C gene mutations of 23S rRNA were detected in eight clinical isolates from the azithromycin treatment failure group, while the T2611C gene mutation was detected in one clinical strain from the treatment success group.. The detection of resistance genes could better explain the high treatment failure rate than the MIC results in patients with urogenital C. trachomatis infections, highlighting the need for genetic antimicrobial resistance testing in infected patients.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Minocycline; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; Treatment Failure; Urinary Tract Infections; Young Adult

Urethral polyp is one of differential diagnoses for the male patients complain of gross-hematuria and/or hematospermia. However, there have been limited numbers of case reports including infectious etiology. Here we reported clinical course and pathological findings of one rare case who was diagnosed and treated as urethral polyp-like lesions on the prostatic urethra caused by Chlamydia trachomatis infection. A 25 year-old man who had a past history of frequent sexual intercourse with unspecified female sexual partner visited the clinic. His chief complaint was gross-hematuria and hematospermia. Endoscopic findings showed that non-specific hemorrhagic polyp-like lesions. To determine the pathological findings including malignant diseases and diagnosis, transurethral resection was performed. Because the pathological findings were similar to those of chlamydial proctitis, additional examination was done. As the results, nucleic acid amplification test of C. trachomatis in urine specimen was positive and immunohistochemical staining of specific chlamydia antigen in resected specimen was also positive. Treatment by orally minocyline 100 mg twice daily for 4 weeks was introduced. After the treatment, symptom was disappeared and nucleic acid amplification test of C. trachomatis in urine specimen turned to be negative. No recurrence was reported 2 years posttreatment.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Humans; Male; Minocycline; Polyps; Urethritis

To explore the effects of mycoplasma and chlamydia infections on tubal infertilityand to assess the antibiotic susceptibility and resistance of female urogenital, and consequently to guide clinical rational drug use.. 327 tubal infertility women as infertility group and 286 healthy pregnant women as control group were randomly selected, detected chlamydia trachomatis (CT), ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and mycoplasma hominis (MH) in cervical secretions and drug resistance of UU and MH.. CT infection rates (14.99%), UU infection rates (23.24%), UU + MH infection rates (29.05%),CT + UU + MH infection rates (9.17%) and total infection rates (88.99%) in infertility group is higher than those (order: 2.80%, 6.99%, 8.39%, 4.55%, 29.02%) in the control group, comparisons of two groups are statistically significant differences (P < 0.05), the susceptibility of UU to roxithromycin (sensitivity is 96.05%), josamycin (sensitivity is 96.05%), tetracycline (sensitivity is 82.89%), vibramycin( sensitivity is 92.11%) and clarithromycin (sensitivity is 96.05%) were relatively high and low to ciprofloxacin and acetyl spiramycin. The susceptibility of MH to josamycin (sensitivity is 95.83%), vibramycin (sensitivity is 91.67%), minocin (sensitivity is 83.33%) and actinospectacin (sensitivity is 75.00%) were relatively high and low to erythromycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin and clarithromycin. UU + MH was only sensitive to josamycin (sensitivity is 90.52%), high resistance (77.89% -91.58%) to erythromycin, azithromycin, acetyl spiramycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, azithromycin and clarithromycin.. Infection of CT, UU, MH and tubal infertility have certain relevance,the rates of CT, UU and MH infection in tubal infertility patients higher than fertile people. For many commonantibacterial drugs, UU, MH and UU + MH has strong resistance, the etiology detection and using adapted antibios should be taken seriously in clinical treatment.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Chlamydia; Chlamydia Infections; Clarithromycin; Doxycycline; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Josamycin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Roxithromycin; Spectinomycin; Tetracycline; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Urogenital System; Young Adult

We studied 181 patients diagnosed with male urethritis at Oogaki Municipal Hospital from April 2002 to March 2004. Twenty-two out of 92 patients diagnosed with gonococcal urethritis (GU) and 52 out of 89 patients diagnosed with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) were positive for Chlamidia trichomatis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Most patients of male urethritis were in their twenties. Of GU patients, 39 (67%) were infected from commercial sex workers (CSWs). Of NGU patients, 12 (30%) were infected from CSWs, 24 (40%) from girl friends and 4 (10%) from their Twenty-eight (48%) out of GU patients were infected through oral sex. spouse. Eighty-three GU patients were treated with SPCM (2 g, one shot). Fifty-five patients could be evaluated for the efficacy of treatment. Elimination rate of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was 100% and 14 out of 18 patients with persisting urethritis had C. trichomatis. Eighty-two NGU patients were treated with minocycline, tosufloxacin, levofloxacin, gatiflixacin or clarithromycine. Sixty-six patients could be evaluated for the efficacy of treatment. Forty-one patients were diagnosed with non-gonococcal chlamydial urethritis (NGCU) and 25 patients were diagnosed with non-gonococcal, non-chlamydial urethritis (NGNCU). The clinical curative rate of NGCU and NGNCU was 93% (38/41) and 80% (20/25), respectively.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chlamydia Infections; Fluoroquinolones; Gonorrhea; Hospitals, Municipal; Humans; Japan; Levofloxacin; Male; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Naphthyridines; Ofloxacin; Sexual Partners; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial; Spectinomycin; Urethritis

Chlamydia pneumoniae infection of lymphocytes in blood has been well documented, and it is apparent that control of this pathogen in these cells may be critical in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases associated with infection by this bacterium. The activity of antibiotics against C. pneumoniae in lymphocytes was assessed in this study by utilizing an in vitro infection model with lymphoid cells. The results obtained indicated that although all of the antibiotics tested showed remarkable activity against bacterial growth in epithelial cells, C. pneumoniae in lymphocytes was less susceptible to antibiotics than was bacterial growth in epithelial cells, which are widely used for the evaluation of anti-C. pneumoniae antibiotics.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Azithromycin; Cells, Cultured; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydophila pneumoniae; Clarithromycin; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; Lymphocytes; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Naphthyridines; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Bacterial

To elucidate the treatment of Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infectious chronic prostatitis.. Forty-eight cases of chronic prostatitis patients with UU and CT infections were treated with minocycline, Chinese medicine "Qianlieshulekeli" and alpha 1A adrenoceptorblocker (tamsulosin) for 6 weeks. The change of symptoms, expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) routine, and UU and CT detection results were observed before and after the treatment. The efficacy of treatment were evaluated by CPSI score.. Remarkably effective-41 cases (85.4%), effective-5 cases (10.4%), noneffective-2 cases (4.2%). CPSI score reduced from (22 +/- 8) before treatment to (7 +/- 3) after treatment (P < 0.01). UU in 20 of 24 cases (83%) and CT in 25 of 28 cases (89%) turned negative after treatment.. The therapy combining Chinese medicine with western medicine for the treatment of UU and CT infectious chronic prostatitis is successful.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Chronic Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Minocycline; Prostatitis; Ureaplasma Infections; Ureaplasma urealyticum

Topics: Adult; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydophila pneumoniae; Humans; Male; Minocycline; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome

Chlamydia pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular bacterium and has a unique development cycle consisting of an elementary body (EB) and reticular body (RB). EBs survive in extracellular environments as well as infect susceptible host cells. However, EBs display no measurable metabolic activity. In contrast, RBs are metabolically active and can replicate in a host cell but are noninfectious. Therefore, analysis of C. pneumoniae growth in infected cells by conventional bacterial culture may not permit sufficient information about growth of the bacteria in cells. In this study, therefore, we examined the usefulness of the reverse transcription (RT)-PCR method for analysis of bacterial transcripts to evaluate C. pneumoniae growth in HEp-2 cells because the levels of bacterial gene transcripts are known to show the metabolic activity of bacteria. The transcripts for the C. pneumoniae hsp60 gene and 16S rRNA in the cells were easily detected just after infection, followed by a marked increase. In contrast, pyk and omcB transcripts slowly increased after a latent period. The hydrocortisone treatment of C. pneumoniae-infected cells induced an increase of all bacterial transcripts tested compared with the control group. The treatment of the infected cells with the antibiotic minocycline showed a selective inhibition of bacterial gene transcripts, even though the complete inhibition of EB production determined by the bacterial culture assay was evident. These results indicate that the determination of bacterial gene transcripts by RT-PCR might be a powerful method to analyze in detail growth of C. pneumoniae in host cells, particularly altered bacterial growth caused by agents such as antimicrobials.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydophila pneumoniae; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Minocycline; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Communicable Diseases; Humans; Minocycline; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma

Using a new plaque cloning technique, we obtained unique Chlamydia trachomatis strains which were confirmed to be free of the 7.5-kb common plasmid and glycogen in inclusions. The in vitro susceptibility of these strains to various chemotherapeutic agents was tested by comparison with their parent strains and clinical isolates possessing the common plasmid. No difference was detected for any of the agents tested, indicating that the 7.5-kb common plasmid is unrelated to the drug resistance of C. trachomatis.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Clarithromycin; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythromycin; Fluoroquinolones; Glycogen; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Ofloxacin; Plasmids; Urethritis

We evaluated the in vitro activity of GAR-936, a novel glycylcycline antibiotic, against ten isolates of Chlamydia pneumoniae and five strains of C. trachomatis. Susceptibility testing was done in HEp-2 cells. The MIC90s and MBC90s of GAR-936, doxycycline, ofloxacin and clarithromycin against C. pneumoniae were 0.125, 0.25, 0.25 and 0.06 mg/l, respectively. The MICs and MBCs of GAR-936, doxycycline, ofloxacin and clarithromycin against C. trachomatis were 0.03-0.125, 0.25, 0.25-0.5 and 0.06 mg/l, respectively. GAR-936 had excellent activity against both chlamydial species and may have a potential role in the treatment of human chlamydial infection.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Chlamydophila Infections; Chlamydophila pneumoniae; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Tigecycline

To investigate the value of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for follow-up patients infected by Chlamydia trachomatis.. Follow-up specimens were collected from 30 patients. Chlamydia trachomatis positive were detected by PCR and direct fluorescence assay test (DFA) in the 30 patients before therapy. 15 patients were treated with minocycline (100 mg twice daily) for 10 days, and 15 patients were treated with 1.0 g of azithromycine as a single oral dose.. After 1-2 weeks of antimicrobial therapy, all patients had negative DFA for Chlamydia trachomatis, but 9 had positive Chlamydia trachomatis DNA as detected by PCR.. The 9 specimens were not confirmed to livae viable organisms of Chlamydia trachomatis. The debris of nonviable Chlamydia trachomatis DNA was excluded from urinogenital tract at about one month.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Minocycline; Polymerase Chain Reaction

We detected the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal bacteriocidal concentrations (MBC) of 19 kinds of antibiotics against urogenital chlamydia trachomatis (CT) from sexually transmitted disease (STD) patients. The results were as follows: (1) The mean MICs of tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, erythromycin, josamycin, medimycin, lomexacin and ofloxacin were lower than 0.08 microgram/ml. Clindamycin was lightly inhibitant to CT. Steptomycin, cephaloradine, chloramiphonic, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethaxazole and trimethoprim showed no activitis to urogenital CT. (2) The values of the MICs and MBCs of the standard strains were among those of the isolated ones. Another the differences in drug susceptibility of different serovars were observed. (3) The MIC detected method is also discussed.

Topics: Cervix Uteri; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Doxycycline; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Leucomycins; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial; Tetracyclines; Urethra

Following intravaginal inoculation of progesterone-treated outbred mice with Chlamydia trachomatis MoPn, 4 to 6 log10 inclusion-forming units were recovered in vaginal swabs for 21 days but all animals were culture negative after 28 days. Serum antibody titers were elevated and remained high for at least 70 days. Between 28 and 70 days, upper tract infection (inflammation and distension of the uterine horns, occlusion of oviducts with inflammatory exudate, pyosalpinx, and hydrosalpinx) was seen in > 80% of the animals. Mice were dosed orally, commencing at 7 days after infection, with minocycline, doxycycline, or amoxicillin-clavulanate. Further groups received azithromycin either as a single high dose or as lower once-daily doses. In addition, minocycline and amoxicillin-clavulanate were administered at 24 h after infection, and this early treatment prevented elevation of antibody titers whereas delayed therapy did not. Vaginal swabs from mice in all treatment regimens were culture negative except for 25% of mice receiving either early amoxicillin-clavulanate or low-dose azithromycin, which yielded low numbers (20 to 70 inclusion-forming units) of chlamydiae. Numbers of fertile mice in the early treatment regimens and their litter sizes were similar to those of noninfected controls, although 25% of amoxicillin-clavulanate-treated mice had unilateral hydrosalpinges. In comparison, 88% of untreated mice developed hydrosalpinges and only 25% conceived. Delayed dosing did not affect the outcome of amoxicillin-clavulanate therapy but did diminish the protective efficacy of minocycline such that 50% of treated mice had either unilateral hydrosalpinges or ovarian abscesses. Doxycycline and azithromycin were highly effective in restoring fertility. This model makes possible the study of both short- and long-term outcomes of chlamydial infection.

Topics: Amoxicillin; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Animals; Azithromycin; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Clavulanic Acids; Disease Models, Animal; Doxycycline; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fertility; Genital Diseases, Female; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Progesterone; Time Factors; Vagina

A 64-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea and high fever. The patient had a relative bradycardia and severe hypoxemia. Velcr rales were heard throughout the entire lung fields. Leucocytosis was absent. Chest X-ray showed bilateral diffuse reticular shadows. Corticosteroid pulse therapy and minocycline were introduced on the suspicion of either idiopathic interstitial pneumonia or Chlamydial pneumonia. Subsequently, his symptoms gradually improved. Although the patient had no history of exposure to birds, the titer of complement fixation test for Chlamydia was 1:32 during the acute illness. Microplate immunofluorescence antibody technique proved infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae. We consider this is a rare case of severe pneumonia caused by C. pneumoniae.

Topics: Antibodies, Bacterial; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydophila pneumoniae; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Male; Methylprednisolone; Middle Aged; Minocycline

A 32-year-old woman developed myalgia, fever, consciousness disturbance, mental disorder, pyramidal tract signs and meningeal irritation signs at about 2 months after a normal labor. Laboratory examination showed hypopituitarism (decreased ACTH, TSH), renal dysfunction and hypercalcemia. A variety of antibiotics, acyclovir and gamma-globulin failed to improve her symptoms. A diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection was considered from the elevated antibody titers. In this case, minocycline was very effective. Rarely Chlamydia trachomatis infection involved general organs, including the central nervous system. It was interesting that she had endocrine disorders. We must take a look for Chlamydia trachomatis infection because this infection infrequently involves general organs, including the central nervous system and minocycline is very effective for this infection.

Topics: Adult; Central Nervous System Diseases; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Female; Humans; Minocycline

Topics: Adult; Antigens, Bacterial; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydophila psittaci; Complement Fixation Tests; Doxycycline; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Minocycline; Pneumonia; Psittacosis; Tetracycline

The authors evaluated the activity of Minocycline in 30 male patients with urinary tract infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) and alterations of the seminal parameters using three different dosage schedules (100 mg/day for 10 days, 200 mg/day for 10 days and 200 mg/day for 20 days). At baseline, at the end of therapy and one month after clinical and bacteriological parameters and seminal characteristics, including some sperm function tests (acridine orange test to study chromatin heterogeneity; triple staining technique, to study acrosome; swim-up technique, to study the sperm kinetics) were verified. The seminal characteristics were checked again three and six months after the end of the therapy. All the results show that Minocycline is an excellent drug for the treatment of urinary tract infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis both for its therapeutic efficacy and for the absence of side effects. Although 10 days cycles using 1 cap/day are sufficient to eliminate inflammation and infection, in order to obtain more valid results it is preferable to use the following dosage schedule: 200 mg/day of antibiotic (100 mg twice daily) for 10 days. The results of our trial show that in cases of Chlamydia trachomatis infection associated with dispermia (reduced nemaspermic concentration, hypomotility, teratozoospermia, increased number of leucocytes), if the parameters of sperm function are within normal limits, the resolution of the infection is usually followed by a recovery of normozoospermia. Follow-up performed 3 and 6 months after the end of treatment showed an increase in the number of spermatozoa, a percentage increase in their motility, mostly in the progressive motility, and a reduction of the atypical forms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Adult; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Drug Administration Schedule; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Minocycline; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility; Tetracyclines; Urethral Diseases

In this study of Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) from genital origin in McCoy cells, minocycline (MINO) was added to infected cell cultures at specific stages of their growth cycle. Sequential observations were made at each stage by electron microscope with the following results: 1) The minimal inhibitory concentration of MINO against C. trachomatis in McCoy cells was 0.025 micrograms/ml. 2) When MINO and chlamydial inoculation were simultaneously added (inoculum containing 1 microgram of MINO per ml), MINO did not inhibit attachment and invasion of elementary bodies (EBs) to McCoy cells in both cases of inoculation, with and without centrifugation. As 48 hours after inoculation 74% of the infectious EBs in McCoy cells were converted to early intermediate forms (IFs). This suggests that MINO did not inhibit the transformation of EBs to early IFs. Under the influence of MINO, even after 48 hours, reticulate bodies (RBs) and chlamydial inclusions were not recognized. At the stages of transformation of infectious EBs to early IFs, duplication of the cell wall and electron lucent areas in the cytoplasm were observed. 3) Meanwhile, in the case of replacing the media with one containing MINO (1 microgram/ml) at 12 hours after inoculation, the conversion of RBs to late IFs was blocked. 4) Electron microscopically, the average numbers of late IFs and EBs per cross section of the inclusion at 24 hours after inoculation, were 0.64 and 0.17, respectively. At 48 hours after inoculation without MINO (control), the average numbers of late IFs and EBs were 10.5 and 65.6, respectively. When MINO (1 microgram/ml) was added at 24 hours after inoculation and observed at 48 hours, the average numbers of late IFs and EBs numbered 0.10 and 0.67, respectively. This indicates A) statistically, a significant decrease (0.64----0.10) for late IFs and a significant increase (0.17----0.67) for EBs compared with the average number of those at 24 hours after inoculation, B) when compared with the average number of those at 24 hours after inoculation, the sum of late IFs and EBs were nearly the same (0.64 + 0.17 not equal to 0.10 + 0.67), C) somewhat similar ratios of late IFs to EBs (10.5:65.6 = 1:6.2 not equal to 0.10:0.67 = 1:6.7) compared to the average number of those at 48 hours after inoculation without MINO (control). B) suggests that the conversion of RBs to late IFs was blocked by MINO. A), B) and C) suggest that the conversion of late IFs to EBs was not inhibited by MI

Topics: Adult; Cells, Cultured; Cervix Uteri; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Female; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microscopy, Electron; Minocycline; Tetracyclines

The authors followed 56 patients with clinical signs of urogenital phlogosis, due to Chlamydia trachomatis, treated with one of the following antimicrobial agents: miocamycin, minocycline, doxycycline. The results showed that all the antibiotics used were well tolerated and effective against Chlamydia trachomatis.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Doxycycline; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Miocamycin; Prostatitis; Urethritis; Vaginitis

The in vitro activity of minocycline (MINO) against Chlamydia trachomatis and its efficacy in the treatment of C. trachomatis-associated nongonococcal urethritis were investigated. Six isolates of C. trachomatis were inhibited at 0.06 micrograms/ml of MINO and 5 isolates at 0.03 micrograms/ml. All cases received oral MINO twice daily for 7 or more days in doses of 100 mg. In 5 of 31 cases, 2 g of spectinomycin was intramuscularly administrated together with MINO only once. C. trachomatis was eliminated in all cases tested. Excellent results were obtained in 26 cases (84%); urethral discharge and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) disappeared or decreased to normal levels (3 cells/hpf or less) in these cases. Ureaplasma urealyticum was isolated from 8 cases, 7 of which became free of ureaplasmal infection. MINO seemed to be less effective on the decrease of PMN in the urethral smear in cases infected coincidentally with C. trachomatis and U. urealyticum than in cases infected with C. trachomatis alone. No subjective side effects were observed in any of the 31 cases studied. In conclusion, MINO was a useful antimicrobial agent for the treatment of C. trachomatis- and U. urealyticum-associated nongonococcal urethritis.

Topics: Adult; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Tetracycline Resistance; Tetracyclines; Ureaplasma; Urethritis

Thirty-nine male patients with urethritis were studied for gonorrhoea or non-gonorrhoea infections. Only 2 patients were infected with N. gonorrhoeae, the other 37 patients were non-gonorrhoea urethritis (NGU). In 9 of these patients, C. trachomatis was identified and in 6 patients, U. urealyticum was isolated. No chlamydial urethritis was combined with ureaplasma. There was no clinical difference between chlamydia and ureaplasma infection, such as serous urethral discharge or mild pyuria. Minocycline was given orally at the dose of 200 mg daily for 7 to 42 days to these patients. Seven of the 9 patients (78%) with C. trachomatis and 7 of the 6 patients (67%) with U. urealyticum infection showed improvement of subjective and objective symptoms after minocycline. In no case, was an adverse reaction noted. Minocycline was effective in the treatment of both C. trachomatis and U. urealyticum urethral infection.

Topics: Adult; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Mycoplasmatales Infections; Tetracyclines; Ureaplasma; Urethritis

Among 226 outpatients, 30(13.3%) harboured Chlamydia trachomatis in the cervix. C. trachomatis was found in 15.1% of the patients with lower genital tract infection, 8.0% of pregnant women, 0.0% of sterile women, 14.3% of patients with pelvic inflammation and 88.9% of sexual partners respectively. The frequency of C.trachomatis infection in those 50 years old or more was 0.0%. One hundred and sixty-six women were also found to have titers of serum antibody to C.trachomatis. Serum IgG antibodies were found in 64 of 166(38.6%). Serum IgG antibodies were positive in 66.7% of the Chlamydia-positive women (20/30 subjects), whereas the positive rate was 31.0% in the Chlamydia-negative women (39/126 cases). In 40.0% of chlamydia positive patients, there was seen a significant rise in the number of paired sera. For C. trachomatis infection treatment with minocycline 100mg p.o. twice a day was effective (100%).

Topics: Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Minocycline; Pregnancy

Two groups of 30 patients each suffering from gonococcal urethritis were treated either with minocyclin for 7 days or with a single administration of penicillin or spectinomycin, respectively. 30% of them revealed an additional infection with C. trachomatis or U. urealyticum. On the 8th day, we observed remaining symptoms in only 20% of the patients treated with minocyclin, but in 40% of the group treated with penicillin/spectinomycin.

Topics: Adult; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gonorrhea; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Penicillins; Recurrence; Spectinomycin; Tetracyclines; Ureaplasma; Urethritis

Topics: Chlamydia Infections; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Minocycline; Tetracyclines

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Tetracyclines

Topics: Adult; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Tetracyclines; Urethritis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Bird Diseases; Birds; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlamydia Infections; Female; Head; Humans; Infant; Japan; Lymphadenitis; Male; Minocycline; Neck; Pharyngitis; Tetracycline

The epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, and etiology of nonspecific urethritis in men are discussed. Microbiological examinations have indicated that in the vast majority of these patients Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum are the main causes for the disease. Treatment of the disorder has centered on the use of tetracyclinelike drugs, and with proper treatment cure can be obtained in the majority of patients.

Topics: Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Doxycycline; Humans; Male; Minocycline; Mycoplasma; United Kingdom; Ureaplasma; Urethritis

Topics: Adult; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Male; Minocycline; Mycoplasma Infections; Tetracyclines; Ureaplasma; Urethritis

Urethral swabs were examined for Chlamydia trachomatis in 22 women suffering from urethral syndrome and in an age-matched control group without genito-urinary symptoms. Full urodynamic investigation was done in patients with urinary symptoms. In this group the isolation rate of C. trachomatis was significantly higher than in the control group (59% versus 13%, P less than 0.01). Therefore C. trachomatis must be considered as one of the possible causes of the female urethral syndrome. Five out of eight patients with positive culture who were treated with minocycline had a negative follow-up culture and the clinical results of this treatment were variable.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Syndrome; Urethral Diseases; Urodynamics

Seventy-two men with gonococcal urethritis were given a single 300-mg dose of minocycline. The failure rate was 13% and the trial was terminated at an early stage. Failure was correlated with increased resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to minocycline. The activity of penicillin, spectinomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, sulphamethoxazole, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, rosamicin, thiamphenicol, and piperacillin against N. gonorrhoeae were examined in vitro. With the exception of spectinomycin, parallel patterns of resistance to the other antibiotics and minocycline were found. Resistance to spectinomycin was not found, confirming the usefulness of this antibiotic in the treatment of gonorrhoea. The incidence of PGU was significantly lower after a single dose of minocycline than in previous studies.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Gonorrhea; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Minocycline; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Tetracyclines; Urethritis

Topics: Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Female; Humans; Male; Minocycline; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Tetracycline; Urethritis

The effect of minocycline on nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) was investigated, with particular reference to its action against Chlamydia trachomatis. Preliminary laboratory studies showed that the drug was active against a laboratory chlamydial strain (Lb4f) in vitro. A group of 133 men with first attacks of NGU was then treated with minocycline, 100 mg twice daily for 3 weeks. Isolates of C trachomatis were obtained from 33 of these men before treatment; all of them gave negative results on cell culture after therapy. Of the 133 patients, 119 (90%) had symptoms on their first attendance, but after one week's treatment only 16 of the 133 (12%) and after 3 weeks 6 of the 133 (5%) had symptoms. All 133 men had demonstrable urethritis initially; by the end of the first week of treatment only 43 of the 133 (32%) and by the end of the third week 32 of the 133 (24%) had evidence of urethritis. There were no differences in clinical response between the Chlamydia-positive and Chlamydia-negative groups. A group of 24 female sexual contacts of men with NGU yielded C trachomatis on cell culture. After 3 weeks' therapy with minocycline all these women gave negative results on cell culture. It is concluded that minocycline is a useful addition to existing remedies for NGU. The future structure of treatment trials for NGU is discussed.

Topics: Animals; Chick Embryo; Chlamydia; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Male; Minocycline; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines; Urethritis; Uterine Cervicitis