minocycline and Bronchitis

Twenty-eight patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections were clinically studied for the effectiveness of the time-difference combination use of netilmicin (NTL) and minocycline (MINO). The patients were treated with NTL 100 mg and two hours later, with MINO 100 mg intravenously, twice daily, in the morning and evening for 14 days. Of 26 patients, MRSA was eradicated in 16 (61.5%), decreased in one, and unchanged in nine. Superinfections occurred with Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in two patients. The clinical efficacies were assessed in two patients with septicemia, 16 with pneumonia, and eight with chronic bronchitis. The obtained results were excellent in four patients, good in 15, fair in six, and poor in one patient. The rate of effectiveness was 73.1% (19/26). The overall clinical effectiveness judged by the committee was good in 19, fair in five, and poor in two patients. The efficacy rate was also 73.1% (19/26). Coagulase type II of MRSA was found in 23 patients, and coagulase type III in three patients, with overall clinical efficacy rates of 73.9% (17/23) and 66.7% (2/3), respectively. A side effect of eruption was observed in one patient, and its incidence was 3.6% (1/28). Abnormal laboratory test results were observed in 16 patients (57.1%), including abnormal liver function in 14 patients, abnormal kidney function in three, and increased eosinophils in three. Laboratory abnormalities occurred twelve of 16 bedridden patients, and this rate was higher than that in non bedridden patients. However, these abnormalities were all mild, transient, and immediately recovered after the treatment. In conclusion, the time-difference combination therapy using NTL and MINO was effective in the treatment of MRSA infections.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bronchitis; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Japan; Male; Methicillin Resistance; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Netilmicin; Pneumonia, Staphylococcal; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Superinfection

A group of 41 patients, all admitted to hospital because of acute purulent exacerbations of chronic respiratory disease, were treated with either doxycycline or minocycline in a double-blind randomized study. Drug dosage was one 100 mg capsule twice daily for seven days. Bacteriological and clinical assessment before and immediately after treatment showed no significant differences between the doxycycline and the minocycline groups, nor did further evaluation after seven days follow-up. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that the Cmax and 0-11 h AUC values in blood were higher for doxycycline, whereas the sputum Cmax was, on average, higher for minocycline because of the greater penetration of the latter. The MIC values for the two antibiotics differed slightly, usually, but not always, in favour of minocycline. Problems were experienced with both agents in the eradication of Haemophilus influenzae. The net clinical results with the two drugs were identical.

Topics: Adult; Bacterial Infections; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Doxycycline; Female; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Moraxella catarrhalis; Pneumococcal Infections; Random Allocation; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Tetracyclines

Topics: Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diarrhea; Escherichia coli; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Male; Minocycline; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Suppuration; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines

The purpose of this case report is to increase awareness of tigecycline-associated pancreatitis, specifically in patients who may be predisposed to develop pancreatitis.. A 22-year-old male with cystic fibrosis developed acute bronchitis, with sputum cultures significant for Mycobacterium chelonae. He was started on tigecycline on two separate occasions, in each case developing pancreatitis as evidenced by symptomatology, elevated pancreatic enzymes and, in one case, by CT imaging. On both occasions, symptomatology improved and enzymes normalized after discontinuation of tigecycline.. Current literature including two recent review pieces is discussed. The unique aspects of the case are highlighted, including the particular risk of drug-associated pancreatitis in those with cystic fibrosis.. The results of this case, in the context of current literature, suggest that clinicians should be aware of the potential for pancreatitis when using tigecycline. Clinicians should be particularly mindful of this complication in patients with comorbidities that might increase the risk of pancreatitis above that of the general population.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchitis; Cystic Fibrosis; Disease Management; Humans; Male; Minocycline; Mycobacterium chelonae; Pancreatitis; Risk Adjustment; Tigecycline; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

Acinetobacter infections resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics have become prevalent in many institutions. Tigecycline has in vitro activity against Acinetobacter spp. and has been suggested as a therapeutic option in these infections.. To describe the clinical and microbiologic outcomes of patients who received tigecycline for the treatment of infections caused by Acinetobacter spp. at our institution.. A retrospective review was conducted of the medical records of 29 sequential patients who received tigecycline for treatment of Acinetobacter infections. The outcomes assessed for efficacy were clinical improvement or cure and microbiologic cure in evaluable patients.. Patients received tigecycline a median of 30 days into hospitalization for a median of 11 days. Common indications were pneumonia (15 pts.), bacteremia (6), and urinary tract infection (3). Positive clinical outcomes (clinical cure or improvement) were seen in 8 (28%) of 29 patients. Of the 25 microbiologically evaluable patients, 11 (44%) had resolution of their cultures. Eleven patients had susceptibility testing performed, and the median minimum inhibitory concentration was 4 microg/mL (range 3-8).. In this case series, most patients did not have clinically or microbiologically favorable outcomes with tigecycline therapy. No patient had an isolate that was fully susceptible to tigecycline. Data from more studies are needed before tigecycline can be recommended for the treatment of Acinetobacter infections.

Topics: Acinetobacter Infections; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Bronchitis; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Retrospective Studies; Tigecycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Wound Infection

Topics: Aged; Autopsy; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Humans; Male; Minocycline; Pigmentation Disorders; Skin; Tetracyclines; Tissue Distribution

Topics: Bronchitis; Bronchopneumonia; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Male; Minocycline; Pneumonia; Tetracyclines

After the administration of minocycline, doxycyline and tetracycline in recommended therapeutic doses to 11, 10 and 12 patients respectively, sputum levels of these antibiotics were determined. Only 20% of patients given doxcycline had a satisfactory sputum level and in the remainder levels were either low or absent. For patients receiving tetracycline and minocycline, 67% and 64% respectively had satisfactory sputum levels. Patients selected for this study had a history of chronic bronchitis and were producing copious amounts of purulent sputum. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of these three antibiotics were similar for 25 freshly isolated strains of Haemophilus influenzae, with minocycline being the most inhibitory and doxcycline the least inhibitory.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Doxycycline; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Minocycline; Sputum; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines

Selected antibiotic advertisements in medical journals are discussed to illustrate the misleading information that is often disseminated to physicians by the pharmaceutical industry. Laboratory and clinical data are presented to question the validity of selected advertisements which (1) encourage the use of Keflex for severe respiratory infections in children, (2) recommend the use of Keflex for the treatment of bacterial bronchitis, (3) suggest that high tissue penetration is a unique property of Vibramycin, (4) present pooled susceptability data which do not reflect microbial resistance patterns in the patient's hospital, (5) recommend twice-daily administration of Ancef for urinary tract infections but do not clearly state the potential danger of this regimen for other infections, (6) suggest that gentamicin should be given to adults in only two dosage sizes for the treatment of serious Gram-negative infections, and (7) lead the reader to assume that only women need to be treated for Trichomonas infections. It is suggested that as antibiotics are marketed, hospital therapeutics committees should evaluate their advantages and permit formulary additions for only those agents demonstrating increased efficacy, decreased toxicity or decreased cost. Pharmacists who monitor drug therapy can provide information to the physician which will increase his awareness of optimal antibiotic therapy.

Topics: Advertising; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bronchitis; Cefazolin; Cephalexin; Doxycycline; Gentamicins; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Minocycline; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration

Serum and sputum levels of minocycline, doxycycline and tetracycline were determined in patients with chronic bronchitis who were producing copious amounts of purulent sputum. Antibiotic estimations were carried out by the plate agar diffusion method using the Oxford staphylococcus. A close correlation was obtained between the sputum and the average serum levels for patients receiving tetracycline. Values obtained for minocycline showed a poor correlation between serum and sputum. A correlation between serum and sputum levels of doxycycline could not be established due to the low levels present in sputum. Our results indicate that while adequate serum levels of tetracycline reflect the attainment of theapeutic concentrations in bronchial secretions; the same predictions cannot be made for minocycline or doxycycline.

Topics: Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Doxycycline; Humans; Minocycline; Sputum; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines

Topics: Asthma; Bronchitis; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Minocycline; Tetracycline; Vertigo; Vestibule, Labyrinth

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bronchitis; Bronchopneumonia; Cholangitis; Cholecystitis; Cystitis; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Pyelonephritis; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Asthma; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Kidney; Liver; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Sputum; Staphylococcus; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines

Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Bronchitis; Bronchopneumonia; Female; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline