minocycline and Antiphospholipid-Syndrome

We report an original case of reversible antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) due to minocycline in a young male patient who experienced recurrent strokes while taking minocycline. He started minocycline therapy (50 mg twice daily) at 15 years old for acne. After three years of treatment, the patient experienced a lateral medullary syndrome. He was treated with aspirin while minocycline was continued. Eighteen months later, the patient complained about horizontal binocular diplopia. MRI revealed an infarct of the oculomotor nerve nucleus. Laboratory investigations revealed high titers of anti-beta 2 glycoprotein 1 (antiβ2GP1) antibodies of 470 U/ml (normal range <15 U/ml) and antiphosphatidylethanolamine antibodies of 137.4 U/ml (normal range <18 U/ml). Other laboratory tests were normal. Six weeks after discontinuation of minocycline, anti-β2GP1 antibodies decreased to 335 U/ml and to 36 U/ml at six months and then remained negative for six years. Many drugs have been considered as possibly causing APS but only in a limited number of patients. To our knowledge this is the first case of drug-induced APS with complete disappearance of high titers of anti-β2GP1 antibodies after minocycline withdrawal. This case also illustrates the need to monitor the levels of antiphospholipid antibodies, even though initial values are high and confirmed after 12 weeks.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; Antiphospholipid Syndrome; beta 2-Glycoprotein I; Humans; Lateral Medullary Syndrome; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Minocycline; Stroke; Treatment Outcome; Vasculitis; Young Adult