minocycline and Acute-Disease

Tigecycline is a tetracycline-class antibacterial indicated for the treatment of complicated skin and skin-structure infections, complicated intra-abdominal infections, and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. It has a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. It has identified gastrointestinal side-effects, particularly nausea and vomiting. With the increasing clinical use of tigecycline, its associated acute pancreatitis has been frequently reported in adults. However, cases of tigecycline-induced acute pancreatitis have rarely been described in children. In this study, we report a case of acute pancreatitis caused by the use of tigecycline in a child with pulmonary cystic fibrosis. In this case, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting occurred on the 5

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Minocycline; Pancreatitis; Tigecycline

Eosinophilic pneumonia (EP) is an important subset of patients who present with pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia (PIE). EP is classified by chronicity and etiology and drug-induced EP is the main cause of secondary EP. The primary goal of this review was to examine all the case reports published since the syndrome was defined in 1990. It remains unclear whether acute or chronic EP (AEP or CEP) represent different diseases, and the secondary goal of this review is to determine if there are factors that may help distinguish these 2 entities.. PubMed (MEDLINE and Medical Subject Headings) was searched for case reports of drug-induced EP or PIE syndrome published between 1990 and 2017. Case reports were only included if the diagnostic criteria for AEP or CEP were fulfilled. For each case, data were extracted pertaining to age, sex, type of medication associated with the disease, time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis, eosinophil counts in the blood, eosinophil fractions in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, initial chest radiograph and computed tomography results, use of mechanical ventilation, and use of steroid treatment and recurrence.. We found 196 case reports describing drug-induced EP. The leading cause was daptomycin. From our review, we found that AEP is more common in younger patients with no gender preference. Eosinophilia in the blood at the time of diagnosis characterized only the CEP patients (80% in CEP vs. 20% in AEP). Abnormal findings on radiographic imagine was similar in both syndromes. A significant portion of AEP patients (20%) presented with acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Most patients with EP were treated with steroids with a higher rate of relapse observed in patients with CEP.. AEP is a much more fulminant and severe disease than the gradual onset and slowly progressive nature of CEP. The pathogenesis of AEP and CEP remains unclear. However, there is significant clinical overlap among AEP and CEP that are associated with drug toxicity, suggesting the possibility that AEP and CEP are distinct clinical presentations that share a common pathogenic pathway.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Chronic Disease; Daptomycin; Eosinophils; Female; Humans; Male; Mesalamine; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Pulmonary Eosinophilia; Sulfasalazine

Neuroprotection seeks to restrict injury to the brain parenchyma following an ischaemic insult by preventing salvageable neurons from dying. The concept of neuroprotection has shown promise in experimental studies, but has failed to translate into clinical success. Many reasons exist for this including the heterogeneity of human stroke and the lack of methodological agreement between preclinical and clinical studies. Even with the proposed Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable criteria for preclinical development of neuroprotective agents for stroke, we have still seen limited success in the clinic, an example being NXY-059, which fulfilled nearly all the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable criteria. There are currently a number of ongoing trials for neuroprotective strategies including hypothermia and albumin, but the outcome of these approaches remains to be seen. Combination therapies with thrombolysis also need to be fully investigated, as restoration of oxygen and glucose will always be the best therapy to protect against cell death from stroke. There are also a number of promising neuroprotectants in preclinical development including haematopoietic growth factors, and inhibitors of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases, a source of free radical production which is a key step in the pathophysiology of acute ischaemic stroke. For these neuroprotectants to succeed, essential quality standards need to be adhered to; however, these must remain realistic as the evidence that standardization of procedures improves translational success remains absent for stroke.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Benzenesulfonates; Brain Ischemia; Chelating Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Combined Modality Therapy; Diffusion of Innovation; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Egtazic Acid; Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hypothermia, Induced; Magnesium; Minocycline; NADPH Oxidases; Neuroprotective Agents; Pregnatrienes; Serum Albumin; Stroke; Thrombolytic Therapy; Translational Research, Biomedical

The vascular events that happen during ischemic stroke worsen outcomes in patients by causing edema, hemorrhagic transformation, and general neurologic tissue compromise. In the past 2 decades, clinical trials in patients after ischemic stroke focused on neuroprotection, but these strategies have failed in providing actual benefit. Vascular protection represents a new field to be explored in acute ischemic stroke in order to develop new approaches to therapeutic intervention.. We identified tactics likely to provide vascular protection in patients with ischemic stroke. These tactics are based on knowledge of the molecular processes involved.. The pathologic processes due to vascular injury after an occlusion of a cerebral artery can be separated into acute (those occurring within hrs), subacute (hrs to days), and chronic (days to mo). Targets for intervention can be identified for all three stages. In the acute phase, superoxide is the predominant mediator, followed by inflammatory mediators and proteases in the subacute phase. In the chronic phase, proapoptotic gene products have been implicated. Many already-marketed therapeutic agents (statins, angiotensin modulators, erythropoietin, minocycline, and thiazolidinediones), with proven safety in patients, have been shown to have activity against some of the key targets of vascular protection.. Currently available pharmacologic agents are poised for clinical trials of vascular protection after acute ischemic stroke.

Topics: Acute Disease; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Brain; Brain Edema; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Chronic Disease; Erythropoietin; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Minocycline; Stroke; Thiazolidinediones; Thrombolytic Therapy

Topics: Acute Disease; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Apoptosis; Caspases; Cytochrome c Group; Humans; Huntington Disease; Mice; Minocycline; Neurodegenerative Diseases

A 22-year-old patient was hospitalized for severe acute eosinophil pneumonia imputable to treatment with minocyclin chlorhydrate (Mynocine). Clinical manifestations began one week after onset of drug intake. The clinical picture included fever at 38 degrees C, polypnoea at 44/min, pulmonary crepitation and severe hypoxia at 4.5 kPa. Eosinophil blood counts were high (3.02 x 10(9)/l) Standard chest X-ray led to the diagnosis of eosinophil pneumonia. Approximately 50% of the polynuclears were eosinophils. The clinical course was rapidly favourable after withdrawal of minocyclin and administration of corticosteroids. This case was analysed and compared with other reports of minocylin induced pneumonia.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Female; Humans; Minocycline; Pulmonary Eosinophilia

A 24-year-old woman had been treated with minocycline (MINO) for acute upper airway infection. Two days after the start of MINO therapy, she developed fever, cough, dyspnea, and bloody sputum. Her chest X-ray film revealed bilateral pleural effusions and butterfly shadow, and chest computed tomography revealed markedly increased density of pulmonary tissue in the central lung fields. Arterial blood gas analysis demonstrated severe hypoxemia. The characteristics of the pleural effusion were exudative. Based on the history of her illness and the chest X-ray findings, in addition to the laboratory findings of leukocytosis with eosinophilia and increased serum IgE, drug-induced pneumonia was suspected. Once the treatment with MINO was discontinued, her symptoms, laboratory data, and chest X-ray findings improved rapidly. Microscopic examination of a transbronchial lung biopsy specimen showed increased alveolar septal thickness with formation of Masson's bodies. Although the result of a lymphocyte stimulation test was negative for MINO, the skin test was positive for immediate response. Because of her clinical course, the possibility of induction by other drugs was excluded. This patient was therefore diagnosed to have MINO-induced pneumonia. To date, ten cases of MINO-induced pneumonia have been reported, but no previous case was associated with pleurisy.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Blood Gas Analysis; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Female; Humans; Minocycline; Pleurisy; Pneumonia; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A previously healthy 40-year-old woman was admitted with severe dyspnea, cough and slight fever. Chest X-ray film revealed bilateral widespread opaque infiltration with ground glass shadows around it. The laboratory examination showed moderate hepatic and muscular injury with disseminated intravascular coagulation. In addition her arterial blood gas showed severe hypoxemia (PaO2: 25 Torr under room air). Moreover, about 1 week prior to admission, 2 baby budgerigars she had been raising for half a year died. Because of this history and multi-organ injuries, this disease was considered to be acute pneumonia owing to fulminant psittacosis causing acute respiratory failure. On the first day of admission, she was intubated and ventilated mechanically with an oxygen concentration (FIO2) of 100%. Subsequently, treatment with intravenous minocycline (400 mg/day), heparin for D.I.C. and corticosteroid were started. Abnormal findings in both chest X-ray and several laboratory parameters improved gradually though fever continued for a week. On the 14th day of her hospital stay, she was weaned from the ventilator successfully and the administration of corticosteroid and heparin tapered. On the 41st day, she was discharged without any symptoms. Results of complement fixation (CF) antibodies against chlamydia on paired sera showed a significant rise from 1:32 to 1:256. Moreover, both IgG and IgM antibodies for Chlamydia psittaci with microplate immunofluorescent antibody technique (MFA) showed an 8 times' rise during 10 days after admission. The definitive diagnosis was made with positive isolation of C. psittaci from both the throat swab of this patient and the spleen and liver of the dead budgerigar by the cell culture method. Psittacosis should always be borne in mind as a possible cause of fulminant pneumonia with acute respiratory failure, and such a situation can be handled successfully if emergency care including mechanical ventilation is available.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Chlamydophila psittaci; Emergencies; Female; Heparin; Humans; Minocycline; Pneumonia; Psittacosis; Respiration, Artificial; Respiratory Insufficiency; Tetracyclines

Minocycline is under investigation as a neurovascular protective agent for stroke. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic, anti-inflammatory, and safety profile of minocycline after intracerebral hemorrhage.. This study was a single-site, randomized controlled trial of minocycline conducted from 2013 to 2016. Adults ≥18 years with primary intracerebral hemorrhage who could have study drug administered within 24 hours of onset were included. Patients received 400 mg of intravenous minocycline, followed by 400 mg minocycline oral daily for 4 days. Serum concentrations of minocycline after the last oral dose and biomarkers were sampled to determine the peak concentration, half-life, and anti-inflammatory profile.. In intracerebral hemorrhage, a 400 mg dose of minocycline was safe and achieved neuroprotective serum concentrations. However, oral administration led to delayed absorption in these critically ill patients and should not be used when rapid, high concentrations are desired. Given the safety and pharmacokinetic profile of minocycline in intracerebral hemorrhage and promising data in the treatment of ischemic stroke, intravenous minocycline is an excellent candidate for a prehospital treatment trial.. URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01805895.

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Intravenous; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Female; Humans; Male; Minocycline; Neuroprotective Agents; Treatment Outcome

Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is a public health problem in India. Neuroinfections are believed to be the most important etiology. Minocycline is a semisythetic tetracycline having excellent penetration into cerebrospinal fluid, established neuroprotective and antiviral properties besides action on nonviral causes of AES. It has been shown to be effective in animal model of Japanese encephalitis (JE). A randomized, controlled trial of nasogastric/oral minocycline in JE and AES at a single centre in Uttar Pradesh, northern India, was therefore conducted.. Patients beyond 3 years of age - but excluding women aged 16-44 years - hospitalized with AES of < =7 days duration were enrolled and block randomized to receive nasogastric/oral minocycline or placebo suspension and followed up. Patients, study personnel and those entering data were blinded as to drug or placebo received. Primary outcome was cumulative mortality at 3 months from hospitalization. Analysis was by intention to treat.. 281 patients were enrolled, 140 received drug and 141 placebo. While there was no overall statistically significant difference in 3 month mortality between drug and placebo groups [RR = 0 · 83 (0 · 6-1 · 1)], there were encouraging trends in patients older than 12 years [RR = 0.70 (0.41-1.18)] and in Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) at 3 months (χ(2) = 7 · 44, p = 0 · 059). These trends were further accentuated if patients dying within one day of reaching hospital were excluded [OR for 3 month mortality =0 · 70 (0 · 46-1 · 07), p = 0.090; 3 month GOS p = 0 · 028].. A trend towards better outcomes was observed with minocycline, especially in those patients who survived the initial day in hospital. These findings should form the basis for planning a larger study and possibly including minocycline in the initial management of AES as seen here.. The trial was registered with Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI) - CTRI/2010/091/006143.

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Encephalitis; Encephalitis, Japanese; Female; Hospital Mortality; Hospitals; Humans; India; Male; Minocycline; Syndrome

Preclinical studies have attributed neuroprotective properties to the antibiotic minocycline. Animal studies and early clinical trials support its use in several neurological diseases. In animal spinal cord injury models, minocycline improved neurological and histological outcomes, reduced neuronal and oligodendroglial apoptosis, decreased microglial activation and reduced inflammation. A single-centre, human, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of minocycline administration after spinal cord injury was undertaken for the purposes of dose optimization, safety assessment and to estimate outcome changes and variance. Neurological, functional, pharmacological and adverse event outcomes were compared between subjects administered 7 days of intravenous minocycline (n = 27) or placebo (n = 25) after acute traumatic spinal cord injury. The secondary outcome used to assess neurological differences between groups that may warrant further investigation was motor recovery over 1 year using the American Spinal Cord Injury Association examination. Recruitment and analyses were stratified by injury severity and injury location a priori given the expected influence of these on the sensitivity of the motor exam. Minocycline administered at higher than previously reported human doses produced steady-state concentrations of 12.7 µg/ml (95% confidence interval 11.6-13.8) in serum and 2.3 µg/ml (95% confidence interval 2.1-2.5) in cerebrospinal fluid, mimicking efficacious serum levels measured in animal studies. Transient elevation of serum liver enzymes in one patient was the only adverse event likely related to the study drug. Overall, patients treated with minocycline experienced six points greater motor recovery than those receiving placebo (95% confidence interval -3 to 14; P = 0.20, n = 44). No difference in recovery was observed for thoracic spinal cord injury (n = 16). A difference of 14 motor points that approached significance was observed in patients with cervical injury (95% confidence interval 0-28; P = 0.05, n = 25). Patients with cervical motor-incomplete injury may have experienced a larger difference (results not statistically significant, n = 9). Functional outcomes exhibited differences that lacked statistical significance but that may be suggestive of improvement in patients receiving the study drug. The minocycline regimen established in this study proved feasible, safe and was associated with a tendency towards improvement across several

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Minocycline; Neurologic Examination; Recovery of Function; Retrospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Spinal Cord Injuries; Time Factors; Young Adult

To investigate changes in bacterial counts in subgingival plaque from patients with acute periodontal abscess by IAI-PadoTest.. Ninety-one patients were randomly allocated to either test or control groups. In all the patients, pockets with acute periodontal abscess were irrigated with sterilized physiological saline, and in the test group, 2% minocycline hydrochloride ointment was applied once into the pocket in addition. Subgingival plaque samples were collected by paper point before treatment and 7 days after treatment. The total bacterial count was determined and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia, were detected using IAI-PadoTest, a DNA/RNA probe method.. The total bacterial count decreased in both groups, with a significant decrease in the test group. The counts and number of sites positive for P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and T. denticola significantly decreased in the test group after treatment, compared with those in the control group. Pocket depth decreased in the both groups, with a statistically significant decrease in the test group.. Topical treatment with minocycline in pockets with acute periodontal abscess was effective in reducing the bacterial counts as shown by the microbiological investigation using PadoTest 4.5.

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Topical; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroides; Colony Count, Microbial; Dental Plaque; DNA Probes; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Periodontal Abscess; Periodontal Pocket; RNA Probes; Subgingival Curettage; Treatment Outcome

Ischemic animal model studies have shown a neuroprotective effect of minocycline.. To analyze the effect of minocycline treatment in human acute ischemic stroke.. We performed an open-label, evaluator-blinded study. Minocycline at a dosage of 200 mg was administered orally for 5 days. The therapeutic window of time was 6 to 24 hours after onset of stroke. Data from NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and Barthel Index (BI) were evaluated. The primary objective was to compare changes from baseline to day 90 in NIHSS in the minocycline group vs placebo.. One hundred fifty-two patients were included in the study. Seventy-four patients received minocycline treatment, and 77 received placebo. NIHSS and mRS were significantly lower and BI scores were significantly higher in minocycline-treated patients. This pattern was already apparent on day 7 and day 30 of follow-up. Deaths, myocardial infarctions, recurrent strokes, and hemorrhagic transformations during follow-up did not differ by treatment group.. Patients with acute stroke had significantly better outcome with minocycline treatment compared with placebo. The findings suggest a potential benefit of minocycline in acute ischemic stroke.

Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Apoptosis; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Female; Gliosis; Humans; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Male; Microglia; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Mortality; Myocardial Infarction; Neuroprotective Agents; Placebos; Secondary Prevention; Signal Transduction; Single-Blind Method; Stroke; Treatment Outcome

Among cases of infantile acute pharyngolaryngitis with cough as a chief complaint, 21 cases that the involvement of bacterial infections has been demonstrated were given minocycline (MINO) and the effectiveness and safety of MINO were investigated. 1. Regarding the clinical effectiveness, the number of cases assessed as markedly effective was 9 (43%) and that as effective was 8 (38%), so that the effectiveness rate was 81%, and particularly, in the infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae, MINO showed a high effectiveness. 2. Five strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and 16 strains of H. influenzae, a total of 23 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, and MINO showed high activities against not less than 80% of these strains. 3. The bacteriological effect in terms of the rate of eradication was 71%, and that of H. influenzae was as high as 88%, while S. pneumoniae remained in 3 of 5 cases. 4. Adverse reactions were observed in 2 cases (10%), 1 case each of abdominal pain and stomatitis, and both of them were improved after the treatment termination. 5. Regarding the usefulness, which was comprehensively assessed using clinical effectiveness and safety as criteria, the number of cases evaluated satisfactorily useful was 8 (38%) and that as useful was 8 (38%), so that the overall usefulness rate was 76%. From the above results, it was confirmed that MINO is a drug having high efficacy and safety against infantile acute pharyngolaryngitis with cough as a chief complaint caused by H. influenzae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Acute Disease; Child; Child, Preschool; Cough; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Laryngitis; Male; Minocycline; Pharyngitis; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Streptococcus pyogenes

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cystitis; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Pyelitis; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracyclines; Trimethoprim; Urinary Tract Infections

We describe a case of acute pancreatitis (AP) and hypofibrinogenemia associated with drug treatment with the aim to increase awareness of uncommon yet possibly life-threatening adverse reactions of tigecycline and furosemide.. A 75-year-old Chinese male was hospitalized for acute non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction and acute heart failure. The patient underwent successful percutaneous coronary intervention and MitraClip. Furosemide was taken since admission. Because. Clinicians should pay attention to clinical signs, symptoms, and pancreatic enzymes during tigecycline or furosemide treatment, especially when used in combination. In addition, regular monitoring of fibrinogen and platelet count during tigecycline treatment is suggested.

Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Acute Disease; Afibrinogenemia; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Fibrinogen; Furosemide; Humans; Male; Minocycline; Pancreatitis; Tigecycline

Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia, the major important regulators of neuroinflammation, are activated in response to excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from damaged cells and resulting in elevated and sustained damages. However, the relationship between microglia and ROS-regulatory system in the early stages of neuroinflammation prior to the appearance of neuronal damages have not been elucidated in detail. In this study, we analyzed the time-dependent changes in ROS generation during acute neuroinflammation in rats that were given an intrastriatal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We evaluated the effects of minocycline, an anti-inflammatory antibiotic, and N,N'-dimethylthiourea (DMTU), a radical scavenger, to understand the correlation between activated microglia and ROS generation. Ex vivo fluorescence imaging using dihydroethidium (DHE) clearly demonstrated an increased ROS level in the infused side of striatum in the rats treated with LPS. The level of ROS was changed in time-dependent manner, and the highest level of ROS was observed on day 3 after the infusion of LPS. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that time-dependent changes in ROS generation were well correlated to the presence of activated microglia. The inhibition of microglial activation by minocycline remarkably reduced ROS levels in the LPS-injected striatum, which indicated that the increased ROS generation caused by LPS was induced by activated microglia. DMTU decreased ROS generation and resulted in remarkable inhibitory effect on microglial activation. This study demonstrated that ROS generation during acute neuroinflammation induced by LPS was considerably associated with microglial activation, in an intact rat brain. The results provides a basis for understanding the interaction of ROS-regulatory system and activated microglia during neuroinflammation underlying neurodegenerative diseases.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Ethidium; Fluorescent Dyes; Free Radical Scavengers; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Microglia; Minocycline; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Optical Imaging; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species; Thiourea

Topics: Acute Disease; Humans; Minocycline; Urticaria

The knowledge about pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns is essential to select an appropriate antibiotic.. We investigated the microbiological profile in pancreatic and extrapancreatic infections, and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in patients with acute pancreatitis.. Of 556 patients with acute pancreatitis, only 189 developed bacterial infection; however, bacteremia was present in 42 patients (7.6%). Culture-proven infected pancreatic necrotic collection was present in 161 patients (29%). Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common organisms. Among the bacterial infection cohort, 164 patients developed multidrug-resistant bacterial infection. Infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria, especially at multiple sites, increased mortality. Nearly 50% of patients (n = 94) acquired extremely drug-resistant bacterial infection at some time and emerged as key reason for prolonged hospital and intensive care unit stay. Colistin resistance and tigecycline resistance were documented in 2.1% and 17.2% of the specimens at admission and in 4.6% and 21% of specimens during the hospital stay. Of 556 patients, 102 patients developed fungal infection and 28 patients had only fungal infection without bacterial infection.. Colistin and tigecycline are best reserved as last-resort antibiotics. Fungal infection was found to be associated with increased mortality, median hospital stay, and intensive care unit stay.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Length of Stay; Male; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Mycoses; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Pancreatitis; Tigecycline

Tigecycline is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent, structurally similar to minocycline and that shares some tetracycline-related side effects. A case report is presented on a 68-year-old female who received tigecycline for a sepsis of unknown origin and who, in the following 5days, developed abdominal pain and elevated pancreatic enzymes, which suggested acute pancreatitis. After ruling out other origins, and according to the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale, tigecycline was the probable cause of the acute pancreatitis, a complication that has been reported 5 times in the database of the Spanish pharmacosurveillance system since 2009. Close monitoring of abdominal signs and symptoms is recommended during treatment with tigecycline, since adverse effects affecting the digestive system are the most prevalent ones when using this drug.

Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Critical Care; Drug Substitution; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Minocycline; Multiple Organ Failure; Pancreatitis; Sepsis; Tigecycline

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Acute Disease; Adult; Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome; Early Diagnosis; Female; Giant Cells; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Methylprednisolone; Minocycline; Myocarditis; Treatment Failure; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left; Young Adult

Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Diverticulitis; Female; Humans; Minocycline; Tigecycline; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Nocardia concava was identified as a new species in 2005; however, the clinical manifestations of Nocardia concava infection have yet to be clarified. We herein present the case of an immunosuppressed patient who developed disseminated nocardiosis caused by N. concava with multiple abscesses in the lungs, cutis, subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscles and kidneys accompanied by central nervous system involvement, including meningitis and ventriculitis. The patient was cured with appropriate treatment including linezolid after testing for susceptibility. Linezolid should be considered as an alternative agent for treating disseminated nocardiosis because of its effective distribution to multiple sites.

Topics: Acetamides; Acute Disease; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Central Nervous System Diseases; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Linezolid; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Nocardia; Nocardia Infections; Oxazolidinones; Respiratory Insufficiency; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

Topics: Acute Disease; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Female; Humans; Minocycline

Glia, particularly astrocytes and microglia, are known to play an important role in central sensitization and are strongly implicated in the exaggerated pain states. In the present study, we determined the effect of minocycline, an inhibitor of microglial activation, in acute nociception, peritonitis, and the development and maintenance of hypersensitivity following chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in rats. A single dose of minocycline (30 or 100 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min before acetic acid or zymosan injection did not attenuate the nociceptive behavior in mice. It had no effect on the early events of peritoneal inflammation (vascular permeability, inflammatory cell infiltration, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines) in acetic acid or zymosan-injected mice. In addition, minocycline (30 or 100 mg/kg, i.p.) did not alter basal nociceptive responses in the tail immersion test. Chronic administration of minocycline (10 or 30 mg/kg, i.p.) for 7 days started before nerve injury significantly prevented the development of neuropathic pain, interestingly, it further delayed the development of hypersensitivity. In contrast, single injection of minocycline failed to reverse hypersensitivity when administered during the development of neuropathic pain. No significant effects were observed on hypersensitivity when treatment was started once neuropathic state was established. Pre-treatment, but not post-treatment, with minocycline markedly attenuated increased pro-inflammatory cytokines release and oxidative and nitrosative stress in mononeuropathic rats. These results suggest that minocycline had no effect on acute peritoneal inflammation, nociception, and chronic administration of minocycline when started early before peripheral nerve injury could attenuate and further delays the development of neuropathic pain. Concluding, this study clearly shows minocycline, an inhibitor of microglial activation, by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and reducing oxidative stress prevented the development of neuropathic pain.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Administration Schedule; Inflammation Mediators; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Mice; Microglia; Minocycline; Oxidative Stress; Pain; Pain Measurement; Peritonitis; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sciatic Neuropathy

Tigecycline is a new broad-spectrum antibiotic. Nausea and vomiting are its most common side-effects. We describe here a case of severe acute pancreatitis related to tigecycline in order to highlight the possible occurrence of this adverse event and to remind clinicians to measure the lipase rate if in any doubt.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Enterobacter cloacae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fosfomycin; Humans; Lipase; Male; Minocycline; Osteitis; Pancreatitis; Tigecycline

A 37-year-old woman presenting with high fever, dry cough and progressive dyspnea was admitted to our hospital. She took 100 mg of minocycline hydrochloride orally because of a common cold one day prior to her admission. A chest CT scan showed diffuse ground-glass opacities with interlobular septal thickening and thickening of bronchovascular bundles. An analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed an increase in both the total cell counts and the number of eosinophils. The result of a lymphocyte stimulation test performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes was positive for minocycline. This patient had a history of pneumonia with similar clinical and radiographic findings, which had developed while receiving minocycline. As a result, we made a diagnosis of minocycline-induced acute eosinophilic pneumonia. Her symptoms and radiographic findings improved within a few days after admission. Corticosteroid therapy was effective. A marked increase of peripheral blood neutrophils were noted on admission. The serum levels of IL-8 and G-CSF increased at the early phase of the disease, but thereafter decreased in association with neutrophils, thus suggesting the contribution of these cytokines to the early phase neutrophilia in this case.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Female; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Humans; Interleukin-8; Leukocytosis; Minocycline; Neutrophils; Prednisolone; Pulmonary Eosinophilia; Treatment Outcome

Reperfusion injury is a complication of recanalization therapies after focal cerebral ischemia. The disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) caused by up-regulated metalloproteinases (MMPs) can lead to edema and hemorrhage. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO=90 min) and reperfusion (R=24 h vs. 5 days) was induced in male Wistar rats. Rats were randomized in four groups: (1) control (C), (2) twice daily minocycline (30 mg/kg bodyweight) every day (M), (3) hypothermia (33 degrees C) for 4 h starting 60 min after occlusion (H), (4) combination of groups 2 and 3 (MH). Serial MRI was performed regarding infarct evolution and BBB disruption, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were assessed by zymography of serum and ischemic brain tissue, and a functional neuroscore was done at 24 h and 5 days. M and H reduced both infarct sizes, volume and signal intensity of BBB breakdown and improved neuroscore at all points in time to the same extent. This was most likely due to inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9. The presence of MMP-9 at 24 h or MMP-2 at 5 days in brain tissue correlated with BBB breakdown whereas serum MMP-2- and -9 showed no relationship with BBB breakdown. The combination MH had a small but not significantly additional effect over the single treatments. Minocycline seems to be as neuroprotective as hypothermia in the acute and subacute phase after cerebral ischemia. One essential mechanism is the inhibition of MMPs. The combination therapy is only slightly superior. The net effect of MMPs inhibition up to 5 days after focal cerebral ischemia is still beneficial.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Edema; Brain Ischemia; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Hypothermia, Induced; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Intracranial Hemorrhages; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Metalloproteases; Minocycline; Neuroprotective Agents; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reperfusion Injury; Time Factors

We reported a case of acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) induced by minocycline. A 55-year-old man presented with a low grade fever and cough and was treated with antibiotics, including minocycline (MINO). During treatment, the patient developed symptoms of acute respiratory failure, and computed tomography (CT) scan showed bilateral ground grass opacities. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed. The percentage of eosinophils in the BAL fluid was elevated (66%). The patient was treated with methylprednisolone under a diagnosis of AEP. Immediately after initiation of therapy, the CT film findings and clinical symptoms improved. Although a drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test for MINO was negative, we speculated that AEP was caused by MINO in this case.

Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchoalveolar Lavage; Humans; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Methylprednisolone; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Pulmonary Eosinophilia; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome

We present two cases of patients with schizophrenia treated with minocycline. Minocycline (a second-generation tetracycline) is an established and safe broad-spectrum antibiotic that crosses the blood-brain barrier, with additional efficacy for diseases such as acne and rheumatoid arthritis. Animal studies have suggested that minocycline may prevent progression of some neurological disorders. Moreover, it has been reported that minocycline might have antidepressant effects. We report two cases of acute schizophrenia with predominant catatonic symptoms that responded to minocycline.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Electroencephalography; Haloperidol; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Risperidone; Schizophrenia, Catatonic; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Axonal destruction and neuronal loss occur early during multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune inflammatory CNS disease that frequently manifests with acute optic neuritis. Available therapies mainly target the inflammatory component of the disease but fail to prevent neurodegeneration. To investigate the effect of minocycline on the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the neurons that form the axons of the optic nerve, we used a rat model of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Optic neuritis in this model was diagnosed by recording visual evoked potentials and RGC function was monitored by measuring electroretinograms. Functional and histopathological data of RGCs and optic nerves revealed neuronal and axonal protection when minocycline treatment was started on the day of immunization. Furthermore, we demonstrate that minocycline-induced neuroprotection is related to a direct antagonism of multiple mechanisms leading to neuronal cell death such as the induction of anti-apoptotic intracellular signalling pathways and a decrease in glutamate excitotoxicity. From these observations, we conclude that minocycline exerts neuroprotective effects independent of its anti-inflammatory properties. This hypothesis was confirmed in a non-inflammatory disease model leading to degeneration of RGCs, the surgical transection of the optic nerve.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Apoptosis; Cell Survival; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Evoked Potentials, Visual; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; Female; Glutamic Acid; Minocycline; Myelin Proteins; Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein; Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; Neuroprotective Agents; Optic Nerve; Optic Neuritis; Rats; Rats, Inbred BN; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Severity of Illness Index

We report an instructive case of minocycline-induced eosinophilic pneumonia confirmed by re-challenge test, in which a preceding lymphocyte-stimulation test indicated acetaminophen as the etiologic agent. A 55-year-old woman developed high fever and lung infiltrates with pulmonary eosinophilia after exposure to minocycline, acetaminophen, theophylline and procaterol. All of the medicines were discontinued, resulting in prompt improvement. The lymphocyte stimulation tests provided a positive result for acetaminophen, but not for the other medicines; however, a negative result was given by a re-challenge test with acetaminophen. In contrast, symptoms and hypoxemia reappeared when minocycline was re-administered. We would like to emphasize that lymphocyte stimulation test results need to be carefully interpreted for individual drugs.

Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Disease; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anti-Bacterial Agents; False Negative Reactions; False Positive Reactions; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Immunologic Techniques; Lymphocyte Activation; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Pulmonary Eosinophilia; Radiography, Thoracic; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Twenty-eight patients with Japanese spotted fever were clinically investigated. The diagnosis was determined by confirming an increase of specific antibody. All patients were treated with minocycline, and all recovered, excluding one patient with a fulminant course. Fever and exanthema were observed in all patients, and an eschar was pointed out in 20 (71%) patients. The platelet count was 10 x 10(4)/microl or lower in 8 (28%) patients. The fibrin degradation product (FDP)-level was abnormally high, 10 microg/ml or more, in 16 (57%) patients. The creatine kinase (CK) value was high in 14 of 22 patients, suggesting the presence of myositis. The leukocyte count, FDP, C-reactive protein, and soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL2-R) levels were significantly higher in severe cases. In the group without concomitant steroid therapy, mean times of 54.7 h and 101.4 h were required to reduce the temperature to 38 degrees C and 37 degrees C or lower, respectively, after the initiation of tetracycline treatment. There were 6 severe cases: 1 with disseminated intravascular coagulation, 2 with multiorgan failure, 1 with acute respiratory distress syndrome, and 2 with meningoencephalitis. These severe cases formed a group that required 6 or more days to initiate therapy after the onset (P < 0.005 vs non-severe group), showing that delay in diagnosis and therapy is the major cause of aggravation. In the 2 patients complicated by multiorgan failure, the sIL2-R level, produced by activated lymphocytes, was 10,000 U/ml or higher, suggesting that an sIL2-R level of more than 10,000 U/ml can be used as a marker of poor prognosis. It may be better that moderate to severe cases are treated with minocycline plus short-term steroid therapy.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meningoencephalitis; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Multiple Organ Failure; Prevalence; Receptors, Interleukin-2; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; Rickettsia; Rickettsia Infections

The antibiotic minocycline, which is used in the treatment of acne, has been associated with various pulmonary complications such as pulmonary lupus and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. We now report a particularly severe case of minocycline-related pulmonary toxicity that was characterized by a relapsing form of hypersensitivity eosinophilic pneumonia complicated by acute respiratory failure.

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Pulmonary Eosinophilia; Recurrence; Respiratory Insufficiency

A previously healthy 48-year-old man presented to his primary care physician with high fever, dry cough and dyspnea. Pneumonia was diagnosed and intravenous administration of imipenem/cilastatin was begun, but his respiratory condition worsened and he was admitted to our hospital with severe hypoxia. A chest radiograph showed reticular opacity and consolidation in both lung fields. The case was complicated with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Analysis of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed increases in the total cell counts and an elevated percentage of lymphocytes. Sputum, blood and bronchoalveolar lavage examinations failed to reveal etiology to explain his severe respiratory illness. Treatment consisted of mechanical ventilation and administration of steroid pulse-therapy and gabexate mesilate. On the basis of his clinical course, we suspected possible atypical pneumonia, and began therapy with intravenous minocyclin and oral erythromycin administration. On the third hospital day, the arterial blood gas data improved and the bilateral pulmonary infiltration on the chest radiographs disappeared. Using paired sera, we detected increases of 1.35 in ID for anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG antibodies by ELISA, and arrived at a diagnosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia.

Topics: Acute Disease; Chlamydophila Infections; Chlamydophila pneumoniae; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythromycin; Gabexate; Humans; Male; Methylprednisolone; Minocycline; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Respiration, Artificial; Respiratory Insufficiency; Treatment Outcome

We report two cases of acute pancreatitis secondary to minocycline use in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). This minocycline complication has not previously been reported. Given the increased use of minocycline in the adult CF population to treat resistant bacteria, awareness of this potential adverse effect is imperative. As both of these individuals with CF had class IV genotypes and pancreatic sufficiency, close observation is warranted in the future to determine if persons with pancreatic-sufficient CF are at an increased risk for minocycline-induced pancreatitis.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cystic Fibrosis; Female; Humans; Minocycline; Pancreatitis; Respiratory Tract Infections

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Fever; Hemoptysis; Hemorrhage; Humans; Kidney; Leg; Leptospirosis; Liver; Lung Diseases; Male; Minocycline; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain; Radiography, Thoracic; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Pericarditis, usually viral in origin, is an infrequent cause of chest pain. Pericarditis due to drug allergy is even less frequent and is thus rarely considered in the differential diagnosis. A case is reported of a woman who presented with severe chest pain, caused by minocycline induced pericarditis. Such allergy may be more common than reported. It is suggested that drug induced pericarditis should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute chest pain.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chest Pain; Electrocardiography; Eosinophilia; Female; Humans; Minocycline; Pericarditis

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Pancreatitis

Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cytokines; Drug Eruptions; E-Selectin; Female; Folliculitis; Humans; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Psoriasis; Sjogren's Syndrome; Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous

Periodontitis, similar to other infectious diseases, is known to progress as chronic inflammation with recurrent acute phases. The purpose of this study was to clarify the microbiological composition of the acute phase and to compare the bacterial flora with that of comparable chronic periodontal pockets. We also evaluated the effect of application of minocycline gel locally on the change in the microflora in the acute pockets. Microbial flora from the subgingival pockets of 28 patients in the acute phase of periodontitis and of 12 patients in a comparable chronic phase as the control were investigated by various bacterial culture methods including TS blood agar and TSBV plates. Minocycline gel was applied to the acute periodontal pockets. Changes in the microbiological proportion and clinical parameters at one week after baseline examination were followed by dark-field analysis, culture method, and indirect immunofluorescence technique. Characteristic features of bacterial proportions in the acute site were observed as an increase in Bacteroides forsythus. The number of Porphyromonas gingivalis and black pigmented anaerobic rods also increased. Application of minocycline gel in the acute pocket without any debridement produced improvement in clinical symptoms at one week. Black-pigmented anaerobic rods, P. gingivalis, and B. forsythus decreased significantly at one week after the application. Results indicate that periodontopathic bacteria including B. forsythus and P. gingivalis were predominant in the acute phase of periodontitis and a locally delivered antibiotic may be effective as an alternative modality of treating the acute inflammation.

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Topical; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroides; Chronic Disease; Colony Count, Microbial; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Gels; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Statistics, Nonparametric

We studied the clinical features of minocycline-induced pneumonitis in seven patients. Acute symptoms included fever, dry cough and dyspnea, indicating acute respiratory failure. Diffuse ground glass shadows with Kerley's B lines, bronchial wall thickening, swelling of vascular bundles and pleural effusion were visible on radiography. Bronchoalveolar lavage or transbronchial lung biopsy confirmed pulmonary eosinophilia. Cessation of minocycline led to rapid remission with no treatment or only short-term steroid therapy. The lymphocyte stimulation test for minocycline with peripheral blood lymphocytes was not found to be useful for diagnosis.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biopsy; Blood Gas Analysis; Bronchoalveolar Lavage; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; C-Reactive Protein; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Leukocyte Count; Male; Minocycline; Pharyngitis; Pulmonary Eosinophilia; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Minocycline; Pulmonary Eosinophilia

A 39-year-old woman was evaluated for possible liver transplantation due to rapidly developing hepatic failure 4 weeks after initiation of oral minocycline 100 mg twice a day for the treatment of acne. The patient developed a maculopapular rash, malaise, fever, nausea, and vomiting 2 weeks prior to admission to the hospital. On admission, her symptoms rapidly progressed to liver failure characterized by rapidly rising liver enzyme levels, worsening encephalopathy, and coagulopathy. Viral hepatitis serologies and blood cultures were all negative. After intensive supportive care for 2 weeks, the patient's condition gradually improved and she was discharged with mildly elevated liver enzyme levels and pruritus, without need of liver transplantation. Minocycline-induced hepatic injury is an idiosyncratic reaction with a sensitization period that appears to be 3-4 weeks in duration. The characteristic features include rash, fever, lymphadenopathy, and eosinophilia, as well as severe alterations in liver function. The high liver enzyme levels and the significant prolongation of the prothrombin time suggest massive hepatocellular damage. In light of the profound liver damage that occurs with this adverse reaction, care should be taken in administering minocycline to patients who have concomitant liver disease. It is recommended that patients should be instructed as to the possible signs and symptoms of toxicity and be monitored for evidence of idiosyncratic reaction or liver failure.

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Female; Humans; Liver Function Tests; Minocycline

Sweet's syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) occurred in a 29-year-old woman with acne. Although Sweet's syndrome initially seemed to be triggered by an acute acne flare, minocycline could later be identified as the causal agent. Because this could be confirmed in an oral provocation test, this seems to be the first case of a true connection between Sweet's syndrome and its induction by a drug, namely minocycline.

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Acute Disease; Adult; Drug Eruptions; Female; Humans; Minocycline; Neutrophils; Recurrence; Skin Diseases; Syndrome

The chemotherapeutic activity of minocycline, a semi-synthetic tetracycline analogue, was evaluated in a murine model of toxoplasmosis. A lethal acute toxoplasmosis was produced by injecting 10(5) tachyzoites of the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii into the peritoneal cavities of Swiss-Webster mice. When infected mice were treated once daily for 12 days, starting 2 h after challenge, the survival and cure rates were 100% and 40% respectively after minocycline alone (100 mg/kg per day), 0% and 0% after pyrimethamine alone (8.5 mg/kg per day), and 100% and 50% after combination of the two drugs at the same dosages. Absolute survival and cure with minocycline were observed when mice were treated with two daily doses of 100 mg/kg for 12 days. Mice chronically infected with a low virulent strain of T. gondii (Me49) showed a significant reduction in the number of brain cysts after three weeks of treatment with 50 mg/kg per day of minocycline. Minocycline serum levels after a single oral administration of 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg to normal mice, peaked at 1.8 mg/l and 10 mg/l after 1 h, respectively, and showed an extended half-life.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Chronic Disease; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Female; Mice; Minocycline; Pyrimethamine; Remission Induction; Toxoplasmosis, Animal

An acute localized, purulent skin lesion developed on the right knee of an 8-year-old girl and was subsequently diagnosed as a primary cutaneous Nocardia brasiliensis infection. It was soon accompanied by intense lymphangitis and regional adenopathy. The patient had a history of a minor abrasion contaminated by soil at the site of infection 8 days before the infection became evident. The infection was successfully treated with a combination of minocycline and dapsone.

Topics: Acute Disease; Child; Dapsone; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Minocycline; Nocardia Infections; Skin Diseases, Infectious

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Amoxicillin; Bacterial Infections; Child, Preschool; Humans; Minocycline; Sinusitis

Minocycline hydrochloride hepatotoxic effect occurred in one patient. Unlike the usual histologic features of tetracycline-induced hepatic injury, fatty metamorphosis was predominantly macrovesicular . The patient recovered when drug therapy was withdrawn. Close observation of liver function variables is recommended in patients treated with high parenteral doses of minocycline, particularly in cases of pregnancy or renal disease.

Topics: Acute Disease; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Female; Humans; Liver; Liver Diseases; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Tetracyclines

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Anemia, Aplastic; Bacterial Infections; Carbenicillin; Cefazolin; Female; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Leukemia; Male; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Multiple Myeloma; Penicillin Resistance; Sulbenicillin; Tetracyclines

Topics: Acute Disease; Humans; Minocycline; Nephritis, Interstitial; Tetracyclines

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Female; Humans; Minocycline; Nephritis, Interstitial; Tetracyclines

Topics: Acute Disease; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Bacterial Infections; Cephalexin; Chronic Disease; Clindamycin; Drug Combinations; Erythromycin; Gentamicins; Humans; Methods; Minocycline; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Penicillins; Streptomycin; Tobramycin

Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Bronchitis; Bronchopneumonia; Female; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline