Page last updated: 2024-10-31

midazolam and Teeth, Impacted

midazolam has been researched along with Teeth, Impacted in 24 studies

Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.
midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate patient safety, in terms of adverse events, alterations in blood pressure or oxygen saturation (SpO2) in two routine sedation procedures, with and without intravenous analgesia."2.80Safety of adjunct pre-emptive intravenous tramadol with midazolam sedation for third molar surgery. ( Eriksson, LB; Tegelberg, Å, 2015)
"Tramadol has a better analgesic effect in third molar surgery than fentanyl and placebo."2.76A comparison of the effects of midazolam/fentanyl and midazolam/tramadol for conscious intravenous sedation during third molar extraction. ( Garip, H; Göker, K; Göktay, O; Gönül, O; Satilmiş, T, 2011)
"Midazolam was associated with greater amnesia."2.73A comparison of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for sedation in third molar surgery. ( Cheung, CW; Chiu, WK; Irwin, MG; Ng, KF; Wong, GT; Ying, CL, 2007)
"Remifentanil was administered (group MR) by patient controlled infusion (PCI) either in the first or the second operation."2.71Evaluation of patient-controlled remifentanil application in third molar surgery. ( Alparslan, ZN; Balcioğlu, YO; Esen, E; Ustün, Y, 2005)
" Pharmacological strategies used in outpatient dental settings must be both safe and effective."2.70Comparing efficacy and safety of four intravenous sedation regimens in dental outpatients. ( Beirne, OR; Dionne, RA; Gonty, A; Moore, PA; Yagiela, JA; Zuniga, J, 2001)
" Dosage requirements to reach the initial sedation end points of slurred speech and ptosis of eyelids vary widely from one patient to another."2.68Multidrug intravenous sedation: determinants of the sedative dose of midazolam. ( Finder, RL; Jackson, DL; Moore, PA, 1997)
"Diflunisal was given for postoperative pain relief."2.67Does midazolam sedation in oral surgery affect the potency or duration of diflunisal analgesia? ( Rodrigo, MR; Rosenquist, JB, 1990)
" However, it is important to find safer and more effective sedation agents, considering the adverse effects associated with current agents."1.91Efficacy and safety of remimazolam besilate for sedation in outpatients undergoing impacted third molar extraction: a prospective exploratory study. ( Aikawa, T; Doi, M; Imado, E; Imamura, S; Kamio, H; Mukai, A; Oda, A; Ono, S; Oue, K; Sakuma, M; Sasaki, U; Shimizu, Y; Takahashi, T; Yoshida, M, 2023)

Research

Studies (24)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19903 (12.50)18.7374
1990's8 (33.33)18.2507
2000's7 (29.17)29.6817
2010's3 (12.50)24.3611
2020's3 (12.50)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Li, X1
Tian, M1
Deng, Y1
She, T1
Li, K1
Wang, L1
Jing, Q2
Pei, L1
Li, M1
Ruan, X1
Chen, S1
Zhang, Y1
Wan, K2
Huang, Y1
Oue, K1
Oda, A1
Shimizu, Y1
Takahashi, T1
Kamio, H1
Sasaki, U1
Imamura, S1
Imado, E1
Mukai, A1
Doi, M1
Sakuma, M1
Ono, S1
Aikawa, T1
Yoshida, M1
Eriksson, LB1
Tegelberg, Å1
McKenzie, WS1
Rosenberg, M1
Göktay, O1
Satilmiş, T1
Garip, H2
Gönül, O1
Göker, K2
Esen, E1
Ustün, Y2
Balcioğlu, YO1
Alparslan, ZN1
Gündüz, M1
Erdoğan, O1
Benlidayi, ME1
Gürkan, Y1
Toker, K1
Dorman, ML1
Wilson, K1
Stone, K1
Stassen, LF2
Cheung, CW1
Ying, CL1
Chiu, WK1
Wong, GT1
Ng, KF1
Irwin, MG1
Liu, DY1
Zhao, JZ1
Chen, X1
Dong, YL1
Rodrigo, MR4
Tong, CK1
Rodrigo, C1
Chow, KC1
Holland, IS1
Zacharias, M1
Hunter, KM1
Parkinson, R1
Moore, PA2
Finder, RL1
Jackson, DL1
Coulthard, P1
Morris, S1
Hamilton, AJ1
Dionne, RA1
Yagiela, JA1
Gonty, A1
Zuniga, J1
Beirne, OR1
Chan, L1
Hui, E1
Rosenquist, JB1
Van der Bijl, P1
Roelofse, JA1
Joubert, JJ1
Breytenbach, HS1
Cheung, LK1
O'Boyle, CA1
Harris, D1
Barry, H1
McCreary, C1
Bewley, A1
Fox, E1

Clinical Trials (6)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
PARADOX - the Incidence of Paradoxical Reactions in Pediatric Patients Premedicated With Midazolam[NCT04190537]500 participants (Anticipated)Observational2019-09-01Recruiting
A Comparison of Dexmedetomidine Versus Propofol for Use in Intravenous Sedation[NCT03255824]Phase 4144 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-03-20Completed
Dexmedetomidine Compared to Midazolam for Symptom Control in Advanced Cancer Patients: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)[NCT01687751]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-11-30Withdrawn (stopped due to Study design determined to be not likely feasible)
A Pilot Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl Versus Midazolam and Remifentanil for Sedation in Patients Undergoing Ablation Procedures for Treatment of a Tachyarrhythmia[NCT03451227]6 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-12-01Terminated (stopped due to Unable to recruit eligible participants)
Comparison of Dexmedetomidine and Propofol-Remifentanil Conscious Sedation for Awake Craniotomy for Tumor Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT01545297]50 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-11-30Completed
Prospective Comparison of Single vs. Staged Extractions: OHRQoL Outcomes for Wisdom Teeth Removal[NCT05820867]59 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-03-01Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Cooperation Scale

Surgeon satisfaction is measured by the Cooperation Scale. Minimum score of 0 and maximum of 9. Higher indicates a worse outcome (i.e., discomfort and movement) (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: 15 minutes following surgery

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Propofol Group2.07
Dexmedetomidine Group1.47

Hemodynamic Stability - Blood Pressure

"To compare the differences in hemodynamic stability using a D/M combination compared to the MFP combination. (In this study, a deviation from baseline by 20% or greater will be considered clinically significant)~a. Change in blood pressure (NIBP) (change ≥ 20%) Blood pressure is presented as mean arterial pressure" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: During the procedure, up to 40 minutes

Interventionmm Hg (Mean)
Propofol Group78
Dexmedetomidine Group88

Hemodynamic Stability - Heart Rate

"To compare the differences in hemodynamic stability using a D/M combination compared to the MFP combination. (In this study, a deviation from baseline of both the blood pressure and heart rate by 20% or greater will be considered clinically significant)~a. Change in heart rate (change ≥ 20 BPM)" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: During the procedure, up to 40 minutes

Interventionbeats per minute (Mean)
Propofol Group77
Dexmedetomidine Group62

Patient Satisfaction

"Visual Analog Scale was used to measure overall satisfaction with the IV sedation and memory of the procedure.~The minimum score is 0 (not satisfied at all) to a maximum score of 100 (completely satisfied).~A higher score is a better outcome." (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: 30 minutes following surgery

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Propofol Group93.5
Dexmedetomidine Group86.6

Postoperative Recovery Time - Ambulation

"To assess whether a D/M combination increases postoperative recovery time when compared the MFP combination.~a. Time to ambulation (to recovery room) will be recorded" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: After the procedure until ambulation, up to 20 minutes

Interventionminutes (Mean)
Propofol Group10.8
Dexmedetomidine Group11.6

Postoperative Recovery Time - Duration of Procedure

"To assess whether a D/M combination increases postoperative recovery time when compared the MFP combination.~a. Duration of procedure will be recorded" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: During the procedure, up to 40 minutes

InterventionMINUTES (Mean)
Propofol Group24.2
Dexmedetomidine Group22.1

Postoperative Recovery Time - Time to Discharge

"To assess whether a D/M combination increases postoperative recovery time when compared the MFP combination.~a. Time to discharge or virtual discharge (comparative statistic) - Aldrete score of ≥ 9 or pre-procedure score is met The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 10. A higher score indicates wakefulness, hemodynamically stable, and able to ambulate.~ii. All subjects are required to stay a minimum of 30 minutes after the end of the procedure. Therefore, at least two postoperative vital sign readings will be obtained. If the subject meets discharge criteria prior to 30 minutes, this time will be the virtual discharge time" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: After the procedure until discharge, up to 45 minutes

Interventionminutes (Mean)
Propofol Group26.5
Dexmedetomidine Group29.9

Reaction to Administration of Local Anesthesia

"To compare the groups regarding movement of the patient during the first injection of local anesthesia during the IVS at time of injection measured using the Behavioral Pain Scale - Non-Intubated patients.~The minimum value is 3 and the maximum value is 12. Higher scores mean a worse outcome (i.e., more pain and movement on injection)" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: During the first injection of local anesthesia during surgery

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Propofol Group3.9
Dexmedetomidine Group4.2

Respiratory Depression - Oxygen Saturation

"To assess whether a D/M combination leads to a significant change in respiratory depression compared to the MFP combination.~a. Change in arterial oxygen saturation (as measured by pulse oximeter) i. number of events of ≤92%" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: During the procedure, up to 40 minutes

InterventionSaturation percent (Mean)
Propofol Group98.7
Dexmedetomidine Group98.9

Respiratory Depression - Respiratory Rate

"To assess whether a D/M combination leads to a significant change in respiratory depression compared to the MFP combination.~a. Change in respiratory rate (change ≥ 20%)" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: During the procedure, up to 40 minutes

Interventionbreaths per minute (Mean)
Propofol Group18
Dexmedetomidine Group18

Respiratory Events Requiring Intervention

To compare the groups regarding the number of respiratory events requiring intervention, described as: Chin lift/jaw thrust, Tongue thrust, Yankauer suctioning, Positive pressure oxygen administration, Placement of an oral or nasal airway. (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: During surgery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Propofol Group17
Dexmedetomidine Group2

Surgeon Satisfaction - Survey

"Surgeon satisfaction was measured by the surgeon grading the Operating Conditions scale.~The minimum value was 0 and the maximum was 3. 0=very poor, 1=poor, 2=fair, 3=good" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: 15 minutes following surgery

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Propofol Group2.8
Dexmedetomidine Group2.9

Trials

19 trials available for midazolam and Teeth, Impacted

ArticleYear
Advantages of Sedation With Remimazolam Compared to Midazolam for the Removal of Impacted Tooth in Patients With Dental Anxiety.
    Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 2023, Volume: 81, Issue:5

    Topics: Dental Anxiety; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Midazolam; Prospective Studies

2023
Efficacy of continuous intravenous remimazolam versus midazolam in the extraction of impacted wisdom teeth: protocol of a randomised controlled trial.
    BMJ open, 2023, 04-25, Volume: 13, Issue:4

    Topics: Benzodiazepines; Humans; Midazolam; Molar, Third; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Randomized Controlle

2023
Safety of adjunct pre-emptive intravenous tramadol with midazolam sedation for third molar surgery.
    Oral and maxillofacial surgery, 2015, Volume: 19, Issue:4

    Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Adult; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Midazolam; Molar,

2015
A comparison of the effects of midazolam/fentanyl and midazolam/tramadol for conscious intravenous sedation during third molar extraction.
    Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 2011, Volume: 69, Issue:6

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthetics, Combined; Conscious Sedation; Double-Blind Meth

2011
Evaluation of patient-controlled remifentanil application in third molar surgery.
    Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 2005, Volume: 63, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Epid

2005
Dexmedetomidine versus midazolam in outpatient third molar surgery.
    Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 2006, Volume: 64, Issue:9

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ambulatory Care; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Conscious Sedation; Co

2006
Dexmedetomidine versus midazolam in outpatient third molar surgery.
    Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 2006, Volume: 64, Issue:9

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ambulatory Care; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Conscious Sedation; Co

2006
Dexmedetomidine versus midazolam in outpatient third molar surgery.
    Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 2006, Volume: 64, Issue:9

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ambulatory Care; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Conscious Sedation; Co

2006
Dexmedetomidine versus midazolam in outpatient third molar surgery.
    Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 2006, Volume: 64, Issue:9

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ambulatory Care; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Conscious Sedation; Co

2006
A comparison of midazolam and midazolam with remifentanil for patient-controlled sedation during operations on third molars.
    The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery, 2007, Volume: 45, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Blood Pressure; Conscious Sedation; Cooperative Behavior; Fema

2007
A comparison of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for sedation in third molar surgery.
    Anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 62, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Blood Pressure; Conscious Sedation; Dexmedetomidine; Double-Blind Method;

2007
A comparison of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for sedation in third molar surgery.
    Anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 62, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Blood Pressure; Conscious Sedation; Dexmedetomidine; Double-Blind Method;

2007
A comparison of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for sedation in third molar surgery.
    Anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 62, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Blood Pressure; Conscious Sedation; Dexmedetomidine; Double-Blind Method;

2007
A comparison of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for sedation in third molar surgery.
    Anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 62, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Blood Pressure; Conscious Sedation; Dexmedetomidine; Double-Blind Method;

2007
A comparison of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for sedation in third molar surgery.
    Anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 62, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Blood Pressure; Conscious Sedation; Dexmedetomidine; Double-Blind Method;

2007
A comparison of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for sedation in third molar surgery.
    Anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 62, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Blood Pressure; Conscious Sedation; Dexmedetomidine; Double-Blind Method;

2007
A comparison of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for sedation in third molar surgery.
    Anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 62, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Blood Pressure; Conscious Sedation; Dexmedetomidine; Double-Blind Method;

2007
A comparison of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for sedation in third molar surgery.
    Anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 62, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Blood Pressure; Conscious Sedation; Dexmedetomidine; Double-Blind Method;

2007
A comparison of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for sedation in third molar surgery.
    Anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 62, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Blood Pressure; Conscious Sedation; Dexmedetomidine; Double-Blind Method;

2007
A comparison of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for sedation in third molar surgery.
    Anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 62, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Blood Pressure; Conscious Sedation; Dexmedetomidine; Double-Blind Method;

2007
A comparison of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for sedation in third molar surgery.
    Anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 62, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Blood Pressure; Conscious Sedation; Dexmedetomidine; Double-Blind Method;

2007
A comparison of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for sedation in third molar surgery.
    Anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 62, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Blood Pressure; Conscious Sedation; Dexmedetomidine; Double-Blind Method;

2007
A comparison of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for sedation in third molar surgery.
    Anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 62, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Blood Pressure; Conscious Sedation; Dexmedetomidine; Double-Blind Method;

2007
A comparison of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for sedation in third molar surgery.
    Anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 62, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Blood Pressure; Conscious Sedation; Dexmedetomidine; Double-Blind Method;

2007
A comparison of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for sedation in third molar surgery.
    Anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 62, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Blood Pressure; Conscious Sedation; Dexmedetomidine; Double-Blind Method;

2007
A comparison of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for sedation in third molar surgery.
    Anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 62, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Blood Pressure; Conscious Sedation; Dexmedetomidine; Double-Blind Method;

2007
[Evaluation of midazolam intravenous sedated patient's comfort degree in mandibular third molar surgery].
    Zhonghua kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Zhonghua kouqiang yixue zazhi = Chinese journal of stomatology, 2007, Volume: 42, Issue:9

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Conscious Sedation; Female; Humans;

2007
A comparison of patient and anaesthetist controlled midazolam sedation for dental surgery.
    Anaesthesia, 1994, Volume: 49, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesiology; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infusion Pumps; Male; Mi

1994
Patient-controlled sedation: a comparison of sedation prior to and until the end of minor oral surgery.
    Australian dental journal, 1996, Volume: 41, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Dental; Blood Pressure; Conscious Sedation; Female; Humans; Hypnotics

1996
Bilateral block: is it safe and more efficient during removal of third molars?
    The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery, 1996, Volume: 34, Issue:3

    Topics: Absenteeism; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Local; Anxiety; Conscious Sedation;

1996
Multidrug intravenous sedation: determinants of the sedative dose of midazolam.
    Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics, 1997, Volume: 84, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Int

1997
Comparing efficacy and safety of four intravenous sedation regimens in dental outpatients.
    Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 2001, Volume: 132, Issue:6

    Topics: Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthetics, Intravenous;

2001
Flumazenil reversal of conscious sedation for minor oral surgery.
    Anaesthesia and intensive care, 1992, Volume: 20, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Conscious Sedation; Double-Blind Method; Female; Flum

1992
Does midazolam sedation in oral surgery affect the potency or duration of diflunisal analgesia?
    Australian dental journal, 1990, Volume: 35, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Conscious Sedation; Diflunisal; Drug Interactions; Female; Hum

1990
Intravenous midazolam in oral surgery.
    International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 1987, Volume: 16, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Dental; Anxiety; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous

1987
Oral midazolam sedation in third molar surgery.
    International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 1987, Volume: 16, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Dental; Dizziness; Double-Blind Method; Female;

1987
Comparison of midazolam by mouth and diazepam i.v. in outpatient oral surgery.
    British journal of anaesthesia, 1987, Volume: 59, Issue:6

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia, Dental; Anxiety; Clinical T

1987

Other Studies

5 other studies available for midazolam and Teeth, Impacted

ArticleYear
Efficacy and safety of remimazolam besilate for sedation in outpatients undergoing impacted third molar extraction: a prospective exploratory study.
    BMC oral health, 2023, 10-21, Volume: 23, Issue:1

    Topics: Anesthesia; Benzodiazepines; Humans; Midazolam; Molar, Third; Outpatients; Prospective Studies; Toot

2023
Paradoxical reaction following administration of a benzodiazepine.
    Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 2010, Volume: 68, Issue:12

    Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Antidotes; Female; Flumazenil; GABA-A Rece

2010
Is intravenous conscious sedation for surgical orthodontics in children a viable alternative to general anaesthesia?--a case review.
    British dental journal, 2007, Jun-09, Volume: 202, Issue:11

    Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Ch

2007
Respiratory effects of intravenous midazolam.
    The New Zealand dental journal, 1996, Volume: 92, Issue:409

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Int

1996
Unexplained physical symptoms in dental patients.
    British dental journal, 1998, Apr-25, Volume: 184, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Dental; Anticonvulsants; Conscious Sedation; Dental Care; Diagnosis, Differential

1998